黄脊竹蝗触角感器的电镜扫描观察

黄脊竹蝗是中国南方地区重要的竹子害虫,为了更好地理解黄脊竹蝗"趋尿行为"的生理生化机制,通过电镜扫描技术研究了黄脊竹蝗成虫触角感器的类型、数量、形态及分布特征,比较分析了其在雌、雄成虫间的差异。结果表明:黄脊竹蝗雌、雄成虫触角丝状,由1节柄节、1节梗节和23节鞭节构成,雌雄间触角长度及直径差异不显著(P>0.05);雌、雄成虫触角感器均有毛形感器Ⅰ、毛形感器Ⅱ、刺形感器、锥形感器Ⅰ、锥形感器Ⅱ和腔锥形感器6种;其中,锥形感器数量最多,约占感器总数的53%,主要分布在鞭节的第8～21亚节上;各类感器在雌、雄成虫间触角上的分布特征相似,雄成虫触角上感器总数、锥形和腔锥形感器数量显著多于雌成虫(P<0.05)。     

桑天牛头部附器感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观测桑天牛Apriona germari(Hope)成虫的触角、下颚须和下唇须上感器的分布及超微结构。结果表明,雌、雄桑天牛触角上共存在6种感器,即毛形感器、锥形感器、刺形感器、芽形感器、鳞形感器和棒形感器,其中锥形感器分5种亚型,刺形感器分2种亚型,且部分感器在雌雄成虫触角上的分布模式及数量存在差异,如棒形感器及角锥形感器丛模式仅在雄虫触角上发现,而雌虫触角上的细锥形感器和耳锥形感器多于雄虫,芽形感器少于雄虫;下颚须和下唇须存在5种感器,即毛形感器、刺形感器、末梢锥形感器、钟形感器和隙缝感器,各种感器在雌、雄天牛下颚须和下唇须上的分布和数量无明显的区别。     

红缘天牛嗅觉感受器的类型及特点

利用扫描电镜对红缘天牛Asias halodendri（Pallas）的触角、下颚须和下唇须上嗅觉感受器的类型、超微形态结构及分布等特点进行观察。结果表明,红缘天牛触角、下颚须和下唇须上的嗅觉感器共有6类14种。触角上感器共有2类9种,即毛形感器1种,锥形感器8种;触角上毛形感器和Ⅱ型锥形感器长度在雌雄间有显著性差异;Ⅲ型、Ⅶ型和Ⅷ型锥形感器为雌性触角上所特有;Ⅵ型锥形感器仅见于雄性触角;触角上的感受器总数雌性数量多于雄性,背面略多于腹面和侧面。下颚须及下唇须上嗅感器共4类5种,即栓锥形感器2种、板形感器、钟形感器和边缘凹槽形感器各1种;雌性的边缘凹槽形感器明显高于雄性;下颚须和下唇须上雄性感器总数较多,腹面数量多于背面。     

锈色粒肩天牛触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swainsoni雌、雄成虫触角上的感器结构、分布及数量进行观察和研究。结果表明:锈色粒肩天牛成虫触角鞭节状,由柄节,梗节和9节鞭节组成。在雌、雄成虫触角上分布着4类8种感器,分别是2种毛形感器,2种刺形感器,3种锥形感器和1种芽形感器。而发锥形感器和短刺形感器只分布于雄虫的触角上,不同类型感器在雌、雄个体上的长度及分布数量不同。     

西花蓟马触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观测了西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)若虫、伪蛹及成虫触角上的感器类型、分布及其超微结构。结果表明,西花蓟马3种虫态触角上共存在4种感器,即毛形感器、锥形感器、U形感器和刺形感器。其中锥形感器分6种亚型,刺形感器分3种亚型;若虫、蛹及成虫在触角长度、节数、感器数量及类型等方面均有很大差异,其中蛹的感器类型及数量最少,若虫次之,成虫最多,U形感器仅见于成虫触角上等。此外,发现触角长度、触角末端、L锥形感器及刺形感器在雌雄之间存在差异,其它感器在雌、雄西花蓟马触角上的分布和数量无明显区别。     

红缘吉丁（鞘翅目： 吉丁虫科）触角感器的扫描电镜观察

对红缘吉丁Buprestis fairmairei Thery触角感器的超微结构、类型和分布进行了研究。结果表明,红缘吉丁触角具有3种刺形感器、2种毛形感器、4种锥形感器和1种芽孢感器。触角感器在每节上的数量和分布不同。     

管氏肿腿蜂触角感器的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察表明 ,管氏肿腿蜂SclerodermaguaniXiaoetWu触角上存在 1 3种感器 ,其中毛形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、刺形感器、锥形感器、鳞形感器、栓锥形感器、钟形感器和坛形感器雌雄均有 ,仅数量和分布存在差异 ;板形感器、柱形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、长锥形感器和耳形感器只在雌蜂触角上存在。感器的种类、数量和分布在性别间的差异 ,为研究该蜂寻找生境和寄生行为提供了形态学依据。     

二纹蕈甲成虫触角的感器类型与分布特点

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对二纹蕈甲Dacnepicta Crotch的触角感器进行了观察。发现该虫的触角感器有6种类型,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器、栓锥形感器、钟形感器和B曲m氏鬃毛。其中,锥形感器有4种形态,刺形感器具有3种形态,毛形感器、栓锥形感器和钟形感器各有1种形态。感器的数量和分布在触角的每一节上差异较大。     

卡氏步甲触角感器的超微结构

利用扫描电子显微镜,研究了卡氏步甲Carabus casaleianus成虫触角感器的类型、数量和分布规律。结果表明:卡氏步甲雌、雄成虫触角的各节长度和总长度差异均不显著;触角表面存在7类、12种感器类型,包括3种刺形感器、3种毛形感器、2种锥形感器、Bhm氏鬃毛、腔锥形感器、腔形感器和钟形感器;两性间触角感器的类型和分布无明显差异,但数量差异明显。研究结果为其后的电生理学、行为生态学等研究提供基础资料。     

中红侧沟茧蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator的触角感受器进行了观察,发现了6个类型的感器,分别为毛形感器、板形感器、刺形感器、钟形感器、锥形感器、腔锥形感器。其中,毛形感器具有2种形态,锥形感器具有4种形态。钟形感器仅分布于雌蜂的触角上,锥形感器Ⅲ和Ⅳ仅分布于雄蜂的触角上。结合感受器的形态、分布和已报道的触角电位反应数据,对各感受器的功能进行了推测。     

青杨脊虎天牛触角主要感器的超微结构及其分布

利用扫描电镜观察青杨脊虎天牛Xylotrechusrusticus L.触角感器的类型和分布。结果表明,在青杨脊虎天牛触角上共有7类16种常见的感器类型:4种锥形感器、1种凹槽钉形感器、5种刺形感器、1种芽形感器、1种剑形感器、1种齿形感器、1种钩形感器、3种指形感器。根据这些感器的分布、形态特征结合已有的文献描述,分析各感器可能具有的功能。     

Antennal sensilla of the ground beetle Bembidion lampros Hbst (Coleoptera, Carabidae)

Antennal sensilla typology, number and distribution pattern were studied in the ground beetle Bembidion lampros Hbst (Coleoptera, Carabidae) using scanning electron microscopy. The 1.6–1.8 mm long filiform antennae of both sexes consist of the scape, pedicel and of the flagellum composed of nine flagellomeres. In both sexes, three types of sensilla chaetica, two types of sensilla trichodea, five types of sensilla basiconica, one type of sensilla coeloconica, one type of sensilla campaniformia and Böhm sensilla were distinguished. The possible function of the sensilla was discussed and three types of sensilla were considered as olfactory, sensilla trichodea type 2 and sensilla basiconica types 1 and 2. Olfactory sensilla occupy dorsal and/or ventral areas of the flagellomeres and occur sparsely (sensilla basiconica type 1) or not at all (sensilla basiconica type 2 and sensilla trichodea type 2) outside these areas. No remarkable sexual differences in the types, numbers and distribution of antennal sensilla were found.     

扁角豆芫菁成虫雌雄异型触角感器精细结构观察(英文)

【目的】本研究旨在观察扁角豆芫菁Epicauta impressicornis主要触角感器的形态特征,为进一步开展扁角豆芫菁生物学和行为机制研究提供基础参考,也为今后的触角感受器电生理研究提供前提条件。【方法】对扁角豆芫菁E. impressicornis雌雄成虫触角感器进行了扫描电镜观察,并对雌雄成虫触角感器数量、分布及其差异进行了统计和比较分析。【结果】结果表明,其雌雄成虫触角感器存在性二型现象,二者的感器类型、数量及分布既有共性又存在明显差异。雌雄成虫触角共有的感器分为7种,即2种刺形感器(CH1和CH2),2种锥形感器(SB1和SB2),1种Böhm氏鬃毛(BB),1种耳形感器(SA)和1种钟形感器(CA);雄虫触角特有的感器类型包括1种刺形感器(CH3)和1种锥形感器(SB3),而雌性触角特有的感器类型包含2种锥形感器(SB4和SB5)和1种凹槽钉形感器(GP)。【结论】扁角豆芫菁成虫触角感受器类型丰富多样。根据触角感受器的形态、分布以及与之前报道结果的比较分析,推测其功能可能为信息素感器(CH1)、化学感器(CH2和GP)、嗅觉受体(CH3, SB1-SB5, SA和CA)、机械感器(BB)和温度感器(GP和CA)。     

Distribution of olfactory and some other antennal sensilla in the male click beetle Agriotes obscurus L. (Coleoptera : Elateridae)

The distribution of 5 types of sensilla was statistically analysed on the 4–10th antennal segments of the male click beetle Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera : Elateridae). The distribution pattern of the trichoid pheromone receptors (T₂ sensilla) and the olfactory basiconic B₁B₂ sensilla on the antennae of male A. obscurus differs significantly from the distribution pattern of the contact chemoreceptors (T₁ sensilla) and probably the non-olfactory B₇ and D sensilla. A significant peculiarity of the distribution of olfactory sensilla is their location on the antennal segments as 2 separate (dorsal and ventral) fields of sensilla. The numbers of T₂ and B₁B₂ sensilla on dorsal fields of sensilla of the 4–10th segments increase towards the apex of the antenna nearly linearly. On ventral fields of sensilla of the 4–10th antennal segments, the number of B₁B₂ sensilla is nearly uniform; the number of T₂ sensilla in the proximal part of the antenna increases towards the apex, but on distal segments of the antenna their number stabilizes. It is characteristic of both the T₂ and to B₁B₂ sensilla that their numbers are slightly greater on anterior than posterior sides of dorsal sensillar fields, and also greater on posterior than anterior sides of ventral sensillar fields of all antennal segments investigated. We assume that the number of olfactory sensilla on the antennae of male beetles coincides with the distribution of strength of olfactory signal on the antennae of beetles orientating in an odour plume. The distribution patterns of T₂ and B₁B₂ sensilla of the male A. obscurus can be related to some behavioural peculiarities of olfactory orientation (walking or flying and vibrating of the antennae).     

青杨脊虎天牛触角感器的分布特征及特殊的感器类型

利用扫描电镜观察青杨脊虎天牛Xylotrechus rusticusL.触角感器的类型和分布,在青杨脊虎天牛触角上共9种感器类型为首次描述:锥形感器Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ,刺形感器Ⅱ、Ⅲ,剑形感器Ⅱ,齿形感器和具壁孔的刺形感器。此外,还有3种特化的感器。根据样方内感器密度的统计结果,在青杨脊虎天牛触角上分布较多的前3种感器依次是:锥形感器Ⅰ和刺形感器Ⅳ、Ⅱ,占总感器数量的95%以上。根据感器的分布、形态特征结合已有的文献描述,分析各感器可能具有的功能。雌雄成虫触角的性二型现象表现在:(1)长度不同,雄虫触角平均较雌虫长0.7mm;(2)同一类型的感器在雌雄触角上的分布模式不同;(3)同一类型感器的数量在雌、雄触角上的分布存在差异;(4)同一类型感器的形态在雌、雄间存在差异。     

桉小卷蛾触角感器的超微结构

[目的] 桉小卷蛾是桉树、番石榴等林木和果树的一种重要害虫。为确定桉小卷蛾成虫触角上的感器对寻找生存环境及对外界环境的各种刺激所起的作用,研究了桉小卷蛾触角感器的种类、形态和分布。[方法] 利用扫描电镜对桉小卷蛾成虫触角感器进行了详细观察和研究。[结果] 桉小卷蛾雌、雄蛾触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,触角的外侧面覆盖有鳞片;雄性触角略短于雌虫,且鞭节近1/4处有一凹陷。共发现7种感器,即鳞形感器、毛形感器、锥形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器、刺形感器和Böhm氏鬃毛,其中以毛形感器数量最多。[结论] 桉小卷蛾雌雄成虫触角的感器种类、分布、数量有一定的规律但又有差异。建议应用气相-触角电位联用技术GC-EAD和触角电位EGA等技术进一步解析触角感器的功能。     

三种花蓟马触角感器的超微结构

采用扫描电子显微镜对花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom)、 禾花蓟马F. tenuicornis (Uzel) 和西花蓟马F. occidentalis (Pergande) 3种国内危害严重的农业害虫的两性成虫触角感器超微结构进行观察和比较, 旨在明确3种花蓟马两性成虫触角上的感器类型、 数量、 分布及超微形态特征, 明晰3种花蓟马触角感器差异, 进而补充蓟马感器详细资料、 完善蓟马形态学研究。结果表明： 3种花蓟马两性成虫触角上均有8种感器类型, 即Böhm氏鬃毛、 钟形感器、 毛形感器、 刺形感器、 锥形感器、 腔锥形感器、 腔形感器和特殊结构感器。触角各节上感器的分布和数量并不均匀。分析结果显示, 各类感器在触角上的分布相对稳定, 具有一定规律; 近缘种间和同种两性间触角感器的形态及分布无明显差异。     

External morphology of antennal sensilla of four species of adult flea beetles (Coleoptera : chrysomelidae : alticinae)

External morphology of antennal sensilla of both sexes of Phyllotetra cruciferae (Goeze) and Psylloides punctulata Melsh, both of which feed on the mustard family Cruciferae, and Epitrix cucumeris (Harris) and Psylloides affinis (Paykell), both of which feed on the nightshade family Solanaceae, was studied using scanning electron microscopy. All belong to Alticinae (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). The number and distribution of antennal sensilla were also determined. Eight types of sensilla could be distinguished on the flagella of the species examined: sensilla chaetica; sensilla trichodea I and II; long sensilla basiconica I and II; and short sensilla basiconica I, II and III. The sensilla chaetica are probable tactile mechanosensilla, whereas both types of sensilla trichodea and long sensilla basiconica likely function in olfaction. Suggested functions for the short sensilla basiconica I, II and III include hygro-/thermoreception and chemoreception.The lack of sexual dimorphism in antennal structure and in types as well as number of sensilla, indicates that the sensilla probably have similar functions in both sexes. Probably most of the antennal olfactory sensilla are involved in host location and recognition. Any correlation between number of a particular type of sensillum or total number of all types and general host preference is not apparent.     

Antennal sensory system of Periplaneta americana L.

The morphology of the antennal hair-sensilla of Periplaneta americana, their distribution and frequency on the antennal flagellum have been examined by transmission- and scanning-electron microscopy. The types of sensilla were distinguished with respect to physiologically relevant criteria such as wall structure and number of sensory cells. Among the sensilla of the antenna of the adult male, long, single-walled sensilla with four sensory cells (types sw B), Probably responsible for reception of sexual pheromones, are most frequent, representing about 54% of the antennal sensilla. About half of these sensilla are newly-formed at the imaginal ecdysis; the other half are derived from the shorter type sw B sensilla of the nymphal antenna. Short type sw B sensilla are present in all larval stages of both sexes and in adult females as well. During the imaginal ecdysis of males, however, the length of these sensilla increases to double that found in nymphs. Dendritic branches also increase in number. During postembryonic development, the number of sensory fibers in the antennal flagellum increases nearly 20-fold, from 14,000 in the first larval instar to about 270,000 in the adult male. The greatest increase, approximately 90%, occurs during the last developmental stage.