大熊猫粪便中元素的对应分析

采用对应分析方法对中国卧龙大熊猫研究中心圈养的大熊猫粪便中的元素以及体重、年龄等十一个变量进行处理,在二维平面上表达总信息的百分之九十以上,大熊猫粪便可分两大类,每一大类又进一步可分为两小类。     

佛坪大熊猫的分布与数量

作者于1990年11—12月对佛坪自然保护区境内大熊猫的分布和数量进行了调查。结果得知在区内293平方公里中共有大熊猫64只,平均密度为0.22只/平方公里。与1974、1983、1988年3次的调查结果比较,表明佛坪大熊猫现有种群基本稳定。     

太白山大熊猫的分布与保护

该文主要以１９９３年对太白山大熊猫资源调查和１９９６年对大熊猫资源调查为基础,对太白山大熊猫的分布与保护进行了分析研究,结果表明：太白山的大熊猫离要分布在秦岭南坡的海棠河、大干沟,小干沟,欠开营河、太白河、龙洞沟和太白山主峰拔仙台东南,秦岭北坡的万泉沟,栖息地面积１４８９８ｋｍ＾２分布大熊猫为１１只,栖息在海拔１８００～２９００ｍ之间的落叶阔叶林带,桦木林带,巴山冷杉林带下,为我国大熊猫的一块新的     

大熊猫精子获能和顶体反应过程中钙分布变化规律的研究

应用焦锑酸钾原位定位法对大熊猫精子获能和顶体反应过程中进行钙定位研究,发现未获能精子的 Ｃａ２＋主要结合于顶体前区和赤道段质膜外侧和顶体内膜内侧（核膜侧）;随着获能的进行,Ｃａ２＋进入精子内部并主要结合于顶体区质膜内侧和顶体外膜外侧;顶体反应的精子,Ｃａ２＋结合于顶体内膜外侧、顶体后区质膜外侧和分散存在于释放的顶体内容物中,有些顶体反应精子的顶体内膜外侧结合的Ｃａ２＋特别丰富。精子尾部的Ｃａ２＋主要分布于中段线粒体内,且其内所含Ｃａ２＋含量随着获能和顶体反应而增加。另外尾部致密纤维和轴丝处也有少量Ｃａ２＋分布。     

奉节脐橙不同器官元素含量分布特征

对奉节脐橙果、叶、干、根中的必需大量元素 (N、K、Ca、Mg、P、S)、微量元素 (Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo)、有益元素 (Si、Co、F、Se、Ni、Sr)、有毒有害元素 (Hg、As、Cr、Cd、Pb、Sb、Bi)的分布特征进行分析 ,结果表明 :果、叶、干、根对各元素的吸收与富集特征具有明显的规律性 ,如叶、干、根中大量元素含量次序均为 Ca>N>K>Mg,叶、干、根中微量元素含量均有 Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Mo的规律 ,根、干、叶中有益微量元素含量次序均为 Si>Sr>F>Ni>Co>Se,叶、干、根中有毒有害元素含量次序均有 Pb>As>Sb >Hg的规律 ;在脐橙各器官中 ,叶是大量元素与有毒有害元素最富集的器官 ,根则是有益元素最富集的器官 ,有毒有害元素的 Cr、微量元素的 Mn、Fe、Mo也以根最为富集 ,干则是上述元素最不富集的器官 ,所有元素中 ,仅 Zn在干中最富集 ;大量元素 (除 N外 )、微量元素、有益元素在脐橙各器官的分配含量与地壳土壤背景值的分异含量趋势基本一致 ,土壤背景是这三类元素的主要控制因素。但有毒有害元素的分配形式则明显受人类活动的影响     

四川野生大熊猫分布变迁及衰退趋势讨论

大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)现仅存于我国岷山、邛崃、凉山、秦岭、相岭5个山系。现根据调查材料,就本世纪50年代初至80年代中期野生大熊猫在四川的分布变迁、衰退趋势及保护对策综述如下: 1 50年代初至70年代中期四川大熊猫的分布变迁及原因     

大熊猫胃肠道内分泌细胞分布型的研究

本文用ＰＡＰ法对３只大熊猫胃底,幽门腺区、十二脂肠,空肠,回肠、结肠和直肠的五羟色胺,生长抑素,胃素,胆囊收缩囊,神经降压素、胃动素、抑胃多肽、胰高血糖素、血管活性肠肽和内啡肽的ＩＲ细胞进行了研究。结果表明,大熊猫胃肠道粘膜上皮中具有前八种ＩＲ细胞。对７年龄个体胃肠各段相对数量的比较和各段内分布情况的观察结果表明,除五羟色胺ＩＲ细胞在空肠分布较多外,大多数种类的ＩＲ细胞集中分布于幽门区和十二指肠,     

太白山大熊猫的分布与保护

该文主要以1993年对太白山大熊猫资源调查和1996年对大熊猫资源调查为基础,对太白山大熊猫的分布与保护进行了分析研究,结果表明:太白山的大熊猫主要分布在秦岭南坡的海棠河、大干沟、小干沟、欠开营河、太白河、龙洞沟和太白山主峰拔仙台东南、秦岭北坡的万泉沟,栖息地面积14?898hm2.分布大熊猫为11只,栖息在海拔1?800～2?900m之间的落叶阔叶林带、桦木林带、巴山冷杉林带下,为我国大熊猫的一块新的栖息地,也是分布的最北界.这块栖息地目前正受到采伐、割竹、旅游、采药等人为活动的干扰和威胁,必须采取保护措施,阻止栖息地的进一步恶化和对大熊猫的干扰.     

观音山自然保护区和佛坪自然保护区大熊猫种群的分布格局

2007年10月和2008年4月,对佛坪自然保护区和观音山自然保护区内大熊猫的活动痕迹进行了样线调查,研究了该区内大熊猫种群及其同域主要伴生动物的分布情况,并分析了影响大熊猫活动分布格局的环境因素.结果表明：观音山和佛坪自然保护区的大熊猫及同域主要伴生野生动物的分布格局基本一致,大熊猫在观音山自然保护区的活动痕迹密度、范围均小于佛坪自然保护区;研究区内2个大熊猫高密度等级的活动中心均分布在佛坪自然保护区内;观音山自然保护区内的大部分地区无大熊猫活动;羚牛、斑羚、野猪等大熊猫主要伴生动物在观音山自然保护区内的活动痕迹数量高于佛坪保护区;人类干扰可能对大熊猫种群活动的分布格局产生影响.     

Sox andZfx genes in giant panda

By using PCR cloning techniques, the DNA sequences of the HMG box regions of sixSox genes (pSox) and the zinc finger domains of twoZfz genes (pZfx) in the giant panda were identified. The giant pandaSox genes fell into two subfamilies,SOX-S1 andSOX-S2. ThepSox andpZfx genes of the giant panda were highly homologous to the corresponding genes in mammals and revealed close substitution rates to those in the primates.     

Endophytic fungi and silica content of different bamboo species in giant panda diet

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), one of the most threatened mammalian species in the world, has adapted to herbivorous diet consisting mainly of bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoidea). The most acute threats to the survival of the giant panda are habitat loss and fragmentation. However, changes in habitat may influence also the quality of giant panda diet through the bamboo species composition as well as their symbiotic leaf endophytes and plant chemical properties. Here we explore species composition and frequency of endophytic fungi and silica content in different bamboo species in the range of giant panda habitat in relation to panda food preference. Silica content of the bamboos varied from 3.7 g/kg to 45.7 g/kg and did not correlate with panda preference and altitudinal gradient. Systemic and vertically in seeds transmitted fungal endophytes or bacterial endophytes were not detected in bamboo leaves. Nearly half of the identified endophytic fungi belonged to genus Arthrinium. Pandas preferred bamboo species naturally occurring in higher altitudes. Furthermore, the total amount of endophytes tended to be lower in samples collected from bamboos in higher altitudes. This draws attention to the importance of more detailed studies on the endophytic fungi-bamboo-panda trophic interactions and the effect of land use and climate change on conservation programs of giant panda.     

Non-invasive giant panda paternity exclusion

Giant panda hair samples obtained by noninvasive methods served as a source of DNA for amplification of seven giant panda microsatellite loci utilizing the polymerase chain reaction. Thirteen giant pandas held in Chinese zoos were tested for identification of paternity. Some males listed as sires have been excluded as the biological father of captive-born giant pandas. Because of the death of some potential sires, paternity is still not assigned for some giant pandas, although there is a high likelihood that paternity assignment could be made if postmortem samples are available for genetic analysis. The DNA microsatellite variation assayed by the test we have developed provides a rapid, highly informative, and noninvasive method for paternity identification in giant pandas. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Gut microbiota in reintroduction of giant panda

Reintroduction is a key approach in the conservation of endangered species. In recent decades, many reintroduction projects have been conducted for conservation purposes, but the rate of success has been low. Given the important role of gut microbiota in health and diseases, we questioned whether gut microbiota would play a crucial role in giant panda's wild‐training process. The wild procedure is when captive‐born babies live with their mothers in a wilderness enclosure and learn wilderness survival skills from their mothers. During the wild‐training process, the baby pandas undergo wilderness survival tests and regular physical examinations. Based on their performance through these tests, the top subjects (age 2–3 years old) are released into the wild while the others are translocated to captivity. After release, we tracked one released panda (Zhangxiang) and collected its fecal samples for 5 months (January 16, 2013 to March 29 2014). Here, we analyzed the Illumina HiSeq sequencing data (V4 region of 16S rRNA gene) from captive pandas (n = 24), wild‐training baby pandas (n = 8) of which 6 were released and 2 were unreleased, wild‐training mother pandas (n = 8), one released panda (Zhangxiang), and wild giant pandas (n = 18). Our results showed that the gut microbiota of wild‐training pandas is significantly different from that of wild pandas but similar to that of captive ones. The gut microbiota of the released panda Zhangxiang gradually changed to become similar to those of wild pandas after release. In addition, we identified several bacteria that were enriched in the released baby pandas before release, compared with the unreleased baby pandas. These bacteria include several known gut‐health related beneficial taxa such as Roseburia, Coprococcus, Sutterella, Dorea, and Ruminococcus. Therefore, our results suggest that certain members of the gut microbiota may be important in panda reintroduction.     

Composition of captive giant panda milk

Eleven milk samples were collected from three female giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) during 23 days after delivery. Concentrations of crude protein (CP), lactose (Lac), and three vitamins (VA, VD, VE) in these samples were tested. Concentration of CP, Lac, VA, VD, and VE of these samples in wet basis averaged 6.77±0.78%, 3.23±0.54%, 0.073±0.043 mg/L, 0.24±0.08 mg/L, and 6.76±1.01 mg/L, respectively. Results demonstrated that nutrients concentrations of milk samples had no significant difference among different pandas (P>0.05). The average content of milk protein between 3–6 days and 7–23 days had significant difference (P<0.01). Results indicate that panda milk is similar to that of other carnivores. It has higher protein but lower lactose than milk in domestic ungulates and humans. Zoo Biol 0:1–6, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Sox and Zfx genes in giant panda

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大熊猫的生境选择特征

基于王朗国家级自然保护区1997—2009年的连续监测数据,利用分布频率法和Bai-ley法,从地形因子、森林群落结构和主食竹3个方面研究了大熊猫的生境选择特征.结果表明:王朗国家级自然保护区的大熊猫对生境具有明显的选择性.在地形上,多选择海拔在2500～3000 m的山体脊部、上部和中部的均匀坡和凸坡,坡向西南,坡度在6°～30°,与水源距离>300 m的环境;森林群落结构上,多选择起源为次生林、针阔混交林,微生境为竹林的生境,乔木平均高度在20～29 m,灌木盖度在0～24%;主食竹多选择平均高度在2～5 m,竹丛盖度>50%,混生,生长状况良好的缺苞箭竹.