构建直接发酵淀粉产生酒精的酵母融合菌株的研究

以酒精酵母和热带假丝酵母为亲本,通过单亲灭活原生质体融合技术,获得了既具有糖化酶活性又能高产酒精的稳定的酵母融合株,并测定和比较了融合子的细胞大小、DNA含量以及比增长率μ、淀粉利用能力、乙醇耐受性、α-淀粉酶和糖化酶活力等生产性能。属间原生质体融合率为9.2×10^-6。F1和F5两株融合子性状较好,酒精发酵产量可达8.8%和11.5%,具有良好的应用前景。     

黑曲霉木聚糖酶在工业酒精酵母中的分泌表达

用重叠延伸PCR方法从黑曲霉 (Aspergillusniger)UV 11的基因组DNA中克隆出木聚糖酶的cDNA基因 ,构建了由酵母乙醇脱氢酶 (ADH1)启动子和终止子引导表达、木聚糖酶自身信号肽引导分泌、rDNA序列介导的酵母整合型分泌表达质粒pAX2。用pAX2与酵母YEp型G4 18抗性质粒共转化野生型工业酒精酵母S .cerevisiae 2 346 ,获得了整合型分泌表达木聚糖酶的酵母重组菌株XY2。发酵分析表明该工程菌能够明显提高酒精生产率     

固定化酵母细胞工业性生产糖蜜酒精的研究

使用一种耐腐蚀的蓬松型化纤质新型载体,结合低浓度海藻酸钙凝胶的包埋作用,进行酵母活细胞的联合固定化。建立起6.5m~3×4规模的发酵系统,载体的投入量为8％(V/V),并使之均匀地相对固定于发酵罐内。流加单浓度稀糖蜜,在工业生产环境下连续运作生产酒精,其中,发酵产酒99天,正常条件下的发酵周期为12h,单位发酵体积的乙醇生产能力平均为6.21g/L·h。成熟醪液乙醇含量平均为9.44％(V/V),转化率为93.7％。     

水解淀粉的酿酒酵母菌的构建

把黑曲霉糖化酶cDNA,酵母磷酸甘油激酶基因启动子区和终止区以及酵母Ty因子的δ序列构建成整合型的糖化酶表达分泌质粒pKG 1。该质粒转化酿酒酵母Y33得到整合型转化子。转化子分泌糖化酶活力在3.0μ/ml以上,在以5％可溶性淀粉为碳源的培养基中静止培养7d,淀粉利用率达86％,生成酒精的浓度与以5％葡萄糖为碳源时相等。     

毕赤酵母工程菌高密度发酵的研究进展

近年来毕赤酵母已成为一种优越的异源蛋白表达系统。而提高目的蛋白的表达水平,高密度发酵已成为关键技术环节之一。我们从毕赤酵母工程菌的选择、培养基的优化设计,以及发酵工程过程控制等方面简要阐述毕赤酵母的高密度发酵,并提出了工程菌在高密度发酵过程中存在的问题。     

牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌的构建

目的：构建牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌。方法：将带有牛肠激酶催化亚基（bEKL）的结构基因进行克隆,将克隆产物纯化后,构建bEKL克隆质粒,后构建bEKL表达质粒,并将表达质粒制导入备感受态细胞,进行蛋白表达。结果：琼脂糖电泳验证牛肠激酶催化亚基基因已经成功地插入表达载体,序列与预期设计一致。结论：表达质粒构建成功。     

牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌的构建

目的:构建牛肠激酶催化亚基工程菌。方法:将带有牛肠激酶催化亚基(bEKL)的结构基因进行克隆,将克隆产物纯化后,构建bEKL克隆质粒,后构建bEKL表达质粒,并将表达质粒制导入备感受态细胞,进行蛋白表达。结果:琼脂糖电泳验证牛肠激酶催化亚基基因已经成功地插入表达载体,序列与预期设计一致。结论:表达质粒构建成功。     

黑曲霉糖化酶cDNA的改造及其在酿酒酵母中的表达

应用PCR技术扩增黑曲霉糖化酶cDNA不含非编码区50bp的5’端740bp的序列与该cDNA3’端1400bp的序列连接,获得切除了5’端非编码的糖化酶cDNA。将改造后的cDNA插到质粒pMA91的酵母PGK基因的启动子和转录终止信号之间,构建了含黑曲霉糖化酶基因的表达载体pMAG17。用原生质体转化法将重组质粒pMAG17引入酿酒酵母GRF18。酿酒酵母GRF18转化子在淀粉平板上产生水解透明圈,表明糖化酶已在酵母中表达并分泌至培养基中。测定转化子的胞外酶活力及淀粉水解率。结果表明：改造后的糖化酶基     

Towards a metabolic engineering strain “commons”: An Escherichia coli platform strain for ethanol production

In the genome‐engineering era, it is increasingly important that researchers have access to a common set of platform strains that can serve as debugged production chassis and the basis for applying new metabolic engineering strategies for modeling and characterizing flux, engineering complex traits, and optimizing overall performance. Here, we describe such a platform strain of E. coli engineered for ethanol production. Starting with a fully characterized host strain (BW25113), we site‐specifically integrated the genes required for homoethanol production under the control of a strong inducible promoter into the genome and deleted the genes encoding four enzymes from competing pathways. This strain is capable of producing >30 g/L of ethanol in minimal media with <2 g/L produced of any fermentative byproduct. Using this platform strain, we tested previously identified ethanol tolerance genes and found that while tolerance was improved under certain conditions, any effect on ethanol production or tolerance was lost when grown under production conditions. Thus, our findings reinforce the need for a metabolic engineering “commons” that could provide a set of platform strains for use in more sophisticated genome‐engineering strategies. Towards this end, we have made this production strain available to the scientific community. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1520–1526. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Development of an industrial ethanol-producing yeast strain for efficient utilization of cellobiose

The BGL1 gene, encoding β-glucosidase in Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, was intracellular, secreted or cell-wall associated expressed in an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The obtained recombinant strains were studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The results indicated that both the wild type and recombinant strain expressing intracellular β-glucosidase cannot grow in medium using cellobiose as sole carbon source. As for the recombinant EB1 expressing secreted enzyme and WB1 expressing cell-wall associated enzyme, the maximum specific growth rates (μ_max) could reach 0.03 and 0.05 h⁻¹ under anaerobic conditions, respectively. Meanwhile, the surface-engineered S. cerevisiae utilized 5.2 g cellobiose L⁻¹ and produced 2.3 g ethanol L⁻¹ in 48 h, while S. cerevisiae secreting β-glucosidase into culture broth used 3.6 g cellobiose L⁻¹ and produced 1.5 g ethanol L⁻¹ over the same period, but no-full depletion of cellobiose were observed for both the used recombinant strains. The results suggest that S. cerevisiae used in industrial ethanol production is deficient in cellobiose transporter. However, when β-glucoside permease and β-glucosidase were co-expressed in this strain, it could uptake cellobiose and showed higher growth rate (0.11 h⁻¹) on cellobiose.     

葡萄糖脱氢酶高产工程菌的构建及融合蛋白的一步纯化

PCR扩增葡萄糖脱氢酶基因(glucose dehydrogenase, gdh),连接到测序载体pUC19,转化大肠杆菌JM109,测序(GenBank登录号:EF626962)后,亚克隆到表达载体,转化大肠杆菌M15,筛选得到GDH高产工程菌M15/pQE31-gdh8.工程菌经IPTG诱导表达,超声波破碎,粗酶液比活力高达15 U/mg.镍凝胶柱亲和层析纯化表达蛋白,超滤、冻干后,比活力达360 U/mg.重组质粒pQE31-gdh8在E .coli M15中稳定程度高达99.8%.工程菌M15/pQE31-gdh8诱导表达的重组酶活力高,易纯化,重组质粒稳定程度高,具有良好的工业应用前景.     

Expression of GAI gene and disruption of PEP4 gene in an industrial brewer's yeast strain

Aims:  Construction of an industrial brewer's yeast strain, which could improve foam stability and reduce calorific values of beer.
Methods and Results:  An industrial brewer's yeast strain (Ts-10) was constructed by integrating glucoamylase encoding gene GAI amplified from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera by PCR into the locus of proteinase A (PrA) gene ( PEP4 ). The resulting recombinant strain identified by PCR could grow on YNB minimal medium plate with starch as sole carbon source. Its highest GAI activity was 91·69 U ml⁻¹, but it had no PrA activity. The real extract was reduced by 21·07% and the main residual maltotriose content was reduced by 14% in wort fermented with the recombinants strain. Its foam retention in beer was higher 39 s and the contents of potential off-flavour compounds, such as diacetyl, pentanedione and acetaldehyde were lowered by 16%, 13% and 14%, respectively, as compared with the industrial brewer's yeast YSF-5.
Conclusions:  An industrial brewer's yeast strain was constructed by introducing GAI gene and disrupting PEP4 gene.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  The recombinant strain (Ts-10) had better foam performance and mouthfeel in addition to low-calories values. It was free of heterologous DNA sequences and drug-resistance genes and could be safely used in beer production.     

Expression in a wine yeast strain of the Aspergillus niger abfB gene

Abstract A recombinant wine yeast strain has been constructed expressing the gene coding for a-L-arabinofuranosidase B from Aspergillus niger under the control of the yeast actin gene promoter. The protein is efficiently secreted by the recombinant yeast, allowing its purification and characterisation. The heterologous α-l-arabinofuranosidase B shows similar physico-chemical properties to the native enzyme. The wine produced in microvinification experiments using the recombinant yeast presents the same oenological characteristics as obtained with the untransformed strain. The a-L-arabinofuranosidase B protein is detected throughout the fermentation.     

酵母表达基因工程产物特性分析

阐述了酵母表达系统在表达外源基因特别是大分子真核生物基因方面的优越性,分析了由于酵母表达系统的局限性如聚合体的存在、信号肽加工不完全、内部降解等而造成的产物不均一现象,提出了相应的解决方法。