包衣益生菌对功能性便秘患者肠道菌群的影响和临床疗效

目的 观察包衣益生菌产品对功能性便秘患者的疗效及对患者肠道菌群的影响。方法 收集2022年1月到3月大连市第二人民医院消化内科就诊的功能性便秘患者10例,患者均服用包衣益生菌产品7 d,使用16S rDNA测序技术检测患者服用前后及停药后3 d和7 d的肠道菌群变化情况,评价患者便秘情况是否改善。结果 治疗后患者便秘相关生活质量（PAC-QOL）评分、便秘严重程度（CSI）评分均较治疗前显著降低（均P<0.01）,粪便性状好转。停用3 d和7 d时,患者肠道菌群Ace和Chao1指数均较服用前升高（均P<0.05）。服用后,在属水平上,患者肠道Klebsiella、Lactococcus、Bacteroides相对丰度上升,Blautia和Anaerostipes相对丰度下降;在种水平上,肠道Lactobacillus plantarum、Klebsiella quasipneumoniae、Enterococcus faecium和Megasphaera elsdenii相对丰度升高,Anaerostipes hadrus相对丰度降低。结论 包衣益生菌产品对功能性便秘有一...     

多囊卵巢综合征患者与健康人群肠道菌群差异性分析

目的比较多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者与健康人群间肠道菌群的差异,为后续研究提供参考。方法采用16S rDNA扩增子测序法对30例PCOS患者(PCOS组)和20例健康人(健康组)粪便标本中菌群结构进行分析,并比较两组之间的区别。结果与健康组相比,PCOS组患者肠道菌群α多样性降低。PCOS组患者肠道厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)丰度高于健康组,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丰度低于健康组(均P0.05)。两组对象肠道梭菌门(Clostridia)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)丰度差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。PCOS组患者肠道变形杆菌纲(Proteobacteria)、芽胞杆菌纲(Bacilli)、红椿杆菌纲(Coriobacteriia)丰度高于健康组,拟杆菌纲(Bacteroidia)丰度低于健康组(均P0.05)。PCOS组患者肠道布劳特菌属(Blautia)、霍氏真杆菌属(Eubacterium_hallii_group)、阴沟杆菌属(Agathobacter)丰度高于健康组,拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)丰度低于健康组(均P0.05)。两组对象肠道双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)、埃希菌-志贺菌属(Escherichia-Shigella)丰度差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论 PCOS患者存在肠道菌群失调情况,但其是否是PCOS发展的潜在致病因素需要进一步研究。     

慢传输型便秘患者肠道粪便菌群的变化特征

目的通过16S rDNA高通量测序技术,研究慢传输型便秘(slow transit constipation,STC)患者粪便菌群的变化特征。方法选取12例慢传输型便秘患者(STC组)及12例健康志愿者(对照组),留取粪便标本后,应用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对标本进行测序,并分析测序结果。结果 STC组与对照组人群肠道在菌群物种种类(Chao1指数和Sobs指数)上差异存在统计学意义(Z=-2.771,P=0.006;Z=-2.425,P=0.015),对照组人群肠道菌群物种种类明显高于STC组;两组在物种均一性(Shannon指数、Simpson指数)上差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.520,P=0.603;Z=-0.348,P=0.728)。在门水平,两组人群粪便菌群多样性差异无统计学意义。在属水平,Phascolarctobacterium(Z=-2.194,P=0.028)、Streptococcus(Z=-4.157,P0.001)、Eggerthella(Z=-2.427,P=0.015)和Actinomyces(Z=-2.310,P=0.021)在STC组人群肠道中相对丰度增加,而Faecalibacterium(Z=-2.887,P=0.004)、Roseburia(Z=-3.118,P=0.002)、Sphingomonas(Z=-4.157,P0.001)、Variovorax(Z=-2.732,P=0.006)、Holdemania(Z=-1.970,P=0.049)、Phyllobacterium(Z=-2.732,P=0.006)、Pseudomonas(Z=-2.439,P=0.015)、Acinetobacter(Z=-2.732,P=0.006)、Aquabacterium(Z=-2.134,P=0.033)和Novosphingobium(Z=-2.134,P=0.033)在STC组中相对丰度减少。结论 STC组与对照组人群肠道在菌群物种种类丰富度上差异存在统计学意义,而在菌群分布均一性上差异无统计学意义;在菌属水平,两组人群的粪便菌群构成也存在较大差异。     

肠道菌群与孤独症谱系障碍儿童功能性便秘的关系

目的 探讨孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorder,ASD）儿童肠道菌群组成与功能性便秘之间的关系,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法 选择101例2～7岁ASD儿童和82例年龄、性别相匹配健康儿童为研究对象,采用罗马Ⅳ标准评估便秘,将所有儿童分为ASD便秘组（ASD constipated,AD-C）、ASD非便秘组（ASD non-constipated,AD-NC）、正常便秘组（neurotypical constipated,NT-C）、正常非便秘组（neurotypical non-constipated,NT-NC）。对所有粪便样本中细菌16S rRNA基因V3-V4高变区进行测序,检测肠道菌群。结果 与NT组相比,AD组儿童肠道菌群α多样性指数（Chao1）显著升高（t=2.258,P=0.006）,组间β多样性差异有统计学意义（R=0.210,P<0.001）。AD组儿童肠道优势菌群为双歧杆菌属、柯林斯菌属、脱硫弧菌属等。与NT-NC组相比,AD-NC组患儿肠道菌群Chao1指数显著升高（t=2.170,P=0.021）,组间β多样性差异有统计...     

山西省东南部地区胃癌患者肠道菌群分布的配对病例对照研究

目的观察胃癌患者肠道菌群的变化,为研究其发病机制和治疗措施提供依据。方法按照1∶1配对原则(年龄、性别、民族、居住地等)在长治某医院根据胃镜检查结果分别选取尚未进行过治疗的10例胃癌患者(胃癌组)和10例健康人群(对照组),面对面调查填写基本信息表,留取粪便样本,采用微生物16S rDNA扩增子测定技术检测粪便菌群,使用QIIME2(2019.4)、R脚本等软件分析人群肠道菌群结构。结果胃癌组与对照组之间,肠道菌群多样性Chao1指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Faith′s PD指数、Pielou′s evenness指数、Observed_species指数和Good′s coverage指数差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),但距离矩阵与PCoA分析显示2组菌群分布差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。在门水平上,2组粪便菌群都集中在厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门四类菌门上,胃癌组的变形菌门、梭杆菌门、互养菌门的丰度较对照组明显增加,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。在属水平上,胃癌组的乳杆菌属、克雷伯菌属、脱硫弧菌属、瘤胃球菌属的丰度较对照组明显增加,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。胃癌组瘤胃球菌科、Gemmiger和毛螺菌属的丰度较对照组明显减少,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论胃癌患者肠道菌群物种多样性和属的丰度发生了改变。     

基于16S rDNA高通量测序技术对克罗恩病患儿肠道菌群变化的研究

目的研究克罗恩病(Crohn′s disease, CD)儿童和正常人群肠道菌群的分布,寻找与CD发生发展显著相关的菌属结构。方法纳入CD患儿36例和健康儿童21例,CD患儿分为活动期22例、缓解期14例,采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术,分析各组肠道菌群的生物多样性与结构组成。结果 CD组患儿(活动期与缓解期)肠道菌群丰富度指数、香浓多样性指数较健康儿童组有明显下降,差异有统计学意义(F=8.829 0,P=0.001 0,P=0.004 5;F=8.890 0,P=0.000 3,P=0.035 6)。在门类水平,所有CD患儿肠道菌群的放线菌门数量减少,变形菌门数量增多。在菌属水平,与健康儿童组相比,所有CD组患儿Faecalibacterium相对丰度显著减低,Klebsiella(克雷伯菌属)、Enterococcus(肠球菌属)相对丰度显著升高。活动期CD组Blautia(布劳特菌属)、Bifidobacterium(双歧杆菌属)、Subdoligranulum、Lachnospira(毛螺旋菌属)、Anaerostipes(丁酸弧菌属)、Eubacterium_rectale_group(直肠杆菌属)的相对丰度明显下降。结论 CD患儿肠道菌群结构及相对丰度较健康儿童存在显著差异。肠道菌群结构的异常与儿童CD的发生发展存在相关性。     

脑瘫伴癫痫儿童肠道菌群变化

目的探讨脑瘫伴癫痫儿童肠道菌群的变化。方法选择龙岗区社会福利中心诊断为脑瘫伴癫痫的31例患儿作为疾病组;另外选取同龄健康儿童30例作为健康组。留取受试者的粪便标本,提取总DNA,并对16S rRNA基因的V3-V4可变区进行扩增,并在Illumina MiSeq平台进行高通量测序。结果与健康儿童相比,疾病组儿童肠道内微生物多样性出现明显差异。在门水平优势菌群中,疾病组儿童放线菌的相对丰度明显高于健康组(32.87%vs 3.56%),而拟杆菌的相对丰度明显低于健康组(22.66%vs 53.59%)。在属水平优势菌群中,疾病组儿童双歧杆菌属、副拟杆菌属的相对丰度均明显高于健康组(26.94%vs 2.61%,5.72%vs 1.90%),其中肠杆菌属的相对丰度达6.00%,而拟杆菌属、粪杆菌属的相对丰度明显低于健康组(11.38%vs 45.16%,0.63%vs 12.78%),普雷沃菌属的相对丰度也低于健康组(3.11%vs 5.30%)。结论与同龄健康儿童相比,脑瘫伴癫痫儿童肠道菌群改变明显,菌群门水平和属水平均有明显差异。     

裕固族血脂异常人群肠道菌群结构特征分析

目的 探究生活在相同环境下的同一民族血脂异常人群与健康人群的肠道菌群差异，为血脂异常的精准预防和治疗提供参考。方法 收集甘肃肃南县裕固族血脂异常人群和健康人群粪便样本，提取细菌总DNA，通过16S rDNA高通量测序和生物信息学技术，分析2组人群肠道菌群的差异。结果 裕固族健康组人群肠道菌群分属26个门，73个纲，169个目，301个科，709个属，门水平上丰度>1%的物种有4个，属水平上丰度>1%的物种有22个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群分属29个门，75个纲，280个目，304个科，702个属，门水平上丰度>1%的物种有4个，属水平上丰度>1%的物种有15个。裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群与健康组间拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门水平以及F/B比值存在显著差异，Р<0.05的差异物种有5个，Subdoligranulum、Christensenellaceae＿R-7＿group及Dialister与血脂水平呈负相关，Lachnoclostridium、Parasutterella与血脂水平呈正相关。结论 肃南县裕固族血脂异常组人群肠道菌群结构与健康组存在...     

低出生体重儿肠道菌群及肠道屏障功能的研究

目的研究低出生体重儿的肠道菌群分布情况和肠道屏障功能的变化。方法以低出生体重儿(1 500g≤体重2 500g)为研究对象,采用16SrRNA荧光定量PCR技术和JY-DLT肠道屏障功能分析系统检测低出生体重儿出生后第7天粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、大肠埃希菌、肠球菌4种细菌的含量以及血清中的二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素的浓度,比较正常新生儿与低出生体重儿肠道菌群和肠道屏障功能的差异,分析不同喂养方式、并发症对低出生体重儿肠道菌群及肠道屏障功能的影响。结果 (1)低出生体重儿组粪便中大肠埃希菌、肠球菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌含量均明显低于健康新生儿组(P0.05),血清中二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸高于健康新生儿组(P0.05),细菌内毒素水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)母乳喂养组低出生体重儿粪便中双歧杆菌和乳杆菌含量明显高于乳制品喂养组(P0.05),且血清中二胺氧化酶和和D-乳酸含量低于乳制品喂养组(P0.05),细菌内毒素水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)无并发症组低出生体重儿粪便中乳杆菌和双歧杆菌含量明显高于有并发症组(P0.05),其血清中二胺氧化酶、D-乳酸和细菌内毒素水平均低于有并发症的低出生体重儿(P0.05)。结论低出生体重儿的肠道菌群和肠道屏障功能都与正常新生儿存在差异,母乳喂养有助于肠道有益菌的定植和肠道屏障功能的恢复。     

中国深圳和芬兰艾斯堡地区 健康婴幼儿肠道菌群的比较

目的探索中国与欧洲沿海发达地区婴幼儿肠道菌群的结构差异及随年龄增长的变化趋势。方法招募深圳地区健康婴幼儿35名并收集其粪便样本,采用Illumina的MiSeq平台对肠道菌群的16S rRNA V4序列进行测序。同时,结合40名芬兰艾斯堡地区健康婴幼儿肠道菌群数据,进行两地儿童菌群结构比较。结果中国与芬兰地区幼儿肠道菌群结构较为一致,在物种多样性及均匀度方面差异无统计学意义。菌属水平分析中,两组幼儿肠道内均呈现以拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属为主导的菌群结构。回归分析表明,幼儿肠道内菌群多样性随年龄的增长明显增加(R~2=0.174,P0.05),0～1岁与1～3岁幼儿的菌群结构差异有统计学意义(R~2=0.079,P0.05)。韦荣球菌、肠球菌和布劳特菌等菌属随年龄增长丰度明显降低,而粪杆菌、瘤胃球菌、罗斯菌等菌属显著增加。结论生命早期肠道菌群的发育主要与年龄因素密切相关,地区因素为次要因素。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.