A three dimensional Finite Element model of a healthy abdominal wall is developed detailing the principal abdomen components reconstructed upon anatomical data and medical images. Fascial tissues, aponeuroses and linea alba are modelled as hyperelastic fiber-reinforced materials, while a three-element Hill’s model is assumed for muscles. Numerical analyses are performed increasing the IAP up to 100?mmHg and simultaneously activating the muscular structures.
The obtained abdominal behavior is compared to a similar model with same IAPs, but passive muscles conditions. Abdomen stiffness and strength are computed in regions in which hernias can potentially occur. A global stiffening of the abdominal wall is found corresponding to a low abdomen deformation and the membrane force on fascial structures is reduced by muscular contraction.
Representing active muscular contraction leads to advanced findings, otherwise membrane force results overestimated considering a purely passive behavior for the abdominal wall. 相似文献
Area covered: This review aims to present an overview of implementation of proteomics in experimental studies in the field of IBS.
Expert commentary: Proteomics is commonly used for biomarker discovery in and has also been extensively used in IBS research. The necessity of a sensitive and specific biomarker for IBS is apparent, but despite the intensive research performed in this field, an appropriate biomarker is not yet available. 相似文献
Chemical biology is a research field utilizing small molecules to investigate biological phenomena. One of the most important aims of chemical biology is to find the small molecules, and natural products are ideal screening sources due to their structural diversity. Therefore, natural product screening based on the progress of chemical biology prompted us to find small molecules targeting cancer characteristics. Another contribution of chemical biology is to facilitate the target identification of small molecule. Therefore, among a variety of methods to uncover protein function, chemical biology is a remarkable approach in which small molecules are used as probes to elucidate protein functions related to cancer development.
Abbreviations: EGF: Epidermal growth factor; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor; CRPC: Castration-resistant prostate cancer; AR: Androgen receptor; FTase: Farnesyl transferase; 5-LOX: 5-Lipoxygenase; LT: Leukotriene; CysLT1: Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1; GPA: Glucopiericidin A; PA: Piericidin A; XN: Xanthohumol; VCP: Valosin-containing protein; ACACA: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α. 相似文献
Abbreviations: ATR: alternatively translated region; CCCP: carbonylcyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone; DUBs: deubiquitinating enzymes; MFN2: mitofusion2; MS/MS: tandem mass spectrometry; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MTS: mitochondrial targeting sequences; O/A: oligomycin and antimycin A; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; PRKN/parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; PTEN-L: phosphatase and tensin homolog-long; Ub: ubiquitin; USP: ubiquitin-specific proteases; YFP: yellow fluorescence protein. 相似文献
Areas covered: In this review, we systematically searched PubMed for proteomic studies of CVD, with the criteria that urine was included as a biological sample. Based on these criteria, and after manual curation, 47 research papers were included: 8 for coronary artery disease, 5 for angina, 15 for myocardial infarction, 23 for heart failure, and 4 for cerebrovascular disease.
Expert commentary: Urinary biomarkers of early, asymptomatic stages of the disease would have a great impact on CVD morbidity and mortality, as widespread screening could be implemented at a reduced cost, allowing high-risk individuals to be identified and treated in a timely manner. An approach involving multiple biomarkers is necessary, as a single biomarker is unlikely to be sensitive/specific enough. By assessing a range of peptides there is the potential to detect changes in many pathways involved in the pathogenesis of CVDs. 相似文献
Objective: The objective of this study is to explored novel biomarkers for phospholipidosis using a metabolomic approach.
Method: NMR spectrometry and LC/MS/MS analyses were applied to urine and plasma of rats administrated cationic amphiphilic drugs.
Results: The phenylacetylglycine to hippuric acid ratio in plasma was increased in time and dose-dependent manners; and it was well correlated with histopathological observation.
Conclusion: The plasma phenylacetylglycine to hippuric acid ratio is a potential marker in monitoring drug-induced phospholipidosis. 相似文献
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Methods: Catalase activity was evaluated by the permanganatometric and calorimetric assays.
Results: This inhibition is not the result of chemical transformations of these compounds to a single inhibitor, as well as it is not the result of NO release from these substances (as NO traps have no effect on the extent of inhibition). It was found that chloride and bromide in concentration above 80 mM and thiocyanate in concentration above 20 μM enhance catalase inhibition by nitrite and the nitroso compounds more than 100 times. The inhibition degree in this case is comparable with that induced by azide.
Discussion: We propose that the direct catalase inhibitor is a positively charged NO-group. This group acquires a positive charge in the active center of enzyme by interaction of nitrite or nitroso compounds with some enzyme groups. Halides and thiocyanate protect the NO+ group from hydration and thus increase its inhibition effect. It is probable that a comparatively low chloride concentration in many cells is the main factor to protect catalase from inhibition by nitrite and nitroso compounds. 相似文献
Areas covered: Several proteomic approaches based on the analysis of various samples such as human tissues, urine, and cell lines. In this review, we focused on proteomic studies performed to improve adrenal tumor diagnosis and identify ACC therapeutic targets.
Expert commentary: The rapid development of cancer genomics provided a lot of information, which affects functional proteomics. In practice, differentially expressed proteins between ACA and ACC have been suggested in several proteomic studies and had a biologic implication in ACC. 相似文献
Areas covered: This review is based on a PubMed search focusing on five keywords that are plasma, biomarkers, pediatric, proteomics, and children. It is a comprehensive summary of plasma proteomic studies specific to the pediatric patient and discusses aspects such as the clinical setting, sample size, methodological approaches and outlines the significance of the findings.
Expert commentary: Plasma proteomics is expanding significantly as a result of major advancements in proteomic technology. This is in synergy with the growing focus on true early disease detection and prevention in early life. We are about to see a new era of advanced medical science built from pediatric proteomics. 相似文献
1. (1) presence or absence,
2. (2) frequency,
3. (3) total quantity, and
4. (4) quantity of individual specimens of species when present.
Any or all of the four measures can be combined additively in any proportions the user wishes. The four separate measures, and the two combinations (1:1:1:1) and (1:2:3:4), are applied to a set of data from Bahamian coral reefs. It is shown that the (1:2:3:4) combination effectively summarizes, in a single analysis, the results of a number of separate exploratory analyses undertaken previously. The usefulness of such an analysis is briefly discussed. 相似文献
Objective: The objective of this study is to identify the most recent advances in molecular biomarkers of diabetes and directions that warrant further research.
Methods: Using a systematic search strategy, the MEDLINE, CINAHL and OVID MEDLINE databases were canvassed for articles that investigated molecular biomarkers for diabetes. Initial selections were made based on article title, whilst final inclusion was informed by a critical appraisal of the full text of each article.
Results: The systematic search returned 246 records, of which 113 were unique. Following screening, 29 records were included in the final review. Three main research strategies (the development of novel technologies, broad biomarker panels, and targeted approaches) identified a number of potential biomarkers for diabetes including miR-126, C-reactive protein, 2-aminoadipic acid and betatrophin.
Conclusion: The most promising research avenue identified is the detection and quantification of micro RNA. Further, the utilisation of functionalised electrodes as a means to detect biomarker compounds also warrants attention. 相似文献
Areas covered: This review article reflects on two recent implementations in venomics: absolute quantification of intact proteins by elemental mass spectrometry, and top-down molecular mass spectrometry.
Expert commentary: Leveraging on a new way of polyatomic interference removal, a triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry configuration has proven feasible for the absolute quantification of venom toxins via sulfur detection. A major advantage of this approach over quantitative molecular mass spectrometry techniques is that only a generic S-standard is required to quantify all the chromatographically separated sulfur-containing fractions. Top-down venomics is in its infancy but, due to recent hardware and software developments, is gaining momentum. Proteoform-resolved venom proteomes are needed to understand the spatio-temporal variability landscape underlying the adaptations that drive intraspecific venom evolution. Integrating top-down venomics and absolute proteoform quantification into a novel elemental and molecular mass spectrometry configuration will represent a quantitative leap in the study of individual venoms. 相似文献
Materials and methods: A TRAP 5a sandwich ELISA was optimized using TRAP 5a-specific monoclonal antibodies and tested in sera of healthy males. TRAP 5a levels were quantitated in sera from healthy males and lean and obese women.
Results: Serum TRAP 5a protein levels were lower in obese women in comparison with lean. In obese, but not in lean women, serum TRAP 5a correlated positively to % fat mass, BMI, waist- and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and PAI, while no correlations to serum leptin, HOMA, glucose, insulin, FFA, HDL, TG, APO-A1 and APO-B were observed.
Conclusions: TRAP 5a serum levels correlated positively to anthropometric obesity parameters but not to metabolic syndrome risk factors, indicating that serum TRAP 5a is associated with pathological adipose tissue expansion. 相似文献
Methods. DNA sequences were extracted from recently collected material at two locations and compared with those for species in a published phylogeny of the genus to establish the position of C. morganii. Photographic images were obtained of key features of the species for the preparation of illustrations for publication.
Key results. Cheilolejeunea morganii does not match any species described for New Zealand or Australia. The sequencing results indicate its position in the phylogeny is close to Section Paroicae. A key to the New Zealand species of Cheilolejeunea is provided.
Conclusions. In the Australasian flora, C. morganii is distinguished from other species by its combination of monoicy, pycnolejeuneoid gynoecial innovations, lobule length less than 50% lobe length and a multicellular second lobule tooth with 3–4 cells uniseriate. A case is presented for the recognition of the species as a New Zealand endemic. 相似文献