BenA3基因双元载体的初步构建及转化绿僵菌189的初步研究

用XholⅠ和SalⅠ分别双酶切植物表达载体pCAMB IA1300和含有目的基因的pMD19-T-BenA3,定向连接得到重组质粒pCAMB IA1300-BenA3,将其导入农杆菌AGL-1。经PCR鉴定后,得到可用于绿僵菌转化的农杆菌双元载体。采用的预培养时间、菌液浓度、共培养时间、乙酰丁香酮浓度的条件下,进行农杆菌介导绿僵菌的遗传转化,得到可以稳定性遗传的绿僵菌转化子,随机挑选转化子进行苯菌灵抗性基因的PCR扩增表明,绿僵菌转化子含有了苯菌灵抗性基因。该转化体系的建立,将有利于绿僵菌生防功能基因的克隆和作用机制的研究。     

丝状真菌瑞氏木霉外源基因表达系统的构建

采用PCR技术体外扩增获得了瑞氏木霉外切葡聚糖纤维二糖水解酶Ⅰ (CBHⅠ )启动子和终止子序列 .并以大肠杆菌质粒pUC1 9为骨架 ,在该启动子和终止子序列间加入多克隆位点 ,构建了瑞氏木霉强表达整合型载体pTRIL .以质粒pAN7 1为模板 ,体外扩增了带有潮霉素磷酸转移酶(hph)基因的DNA片段 ,将hph插入pTRIL的cbh1启动子和终止子序列之间 ,构建了Pcbh1 hph Tcbh1表达盒 .用此表达盒转化瑞氏木霉C30原生质体 ,在潮霉素平板上得到 1 5株抗性转化子 .对其中的H1转化子进行了PCR和Southern印迹分析 ,证实hph基因确实整合到转化子染色体DNA上 ,并在Pcbh1 启动子控制下进行高效表达 .转化子H1对潮霉素抗性达 1 5 0mg L ,比出发菌株提高 2倍 .瑞氏木霉强表达整合型载体pTRIL的构建成功为开展瑞氏木霉分子生物学研究以及进一步的工程菌株构建工作奠定了基础     

鼻咽癌侯选抑瘤基因BRD7原核表达载体的构建及其表达

BRD7基因是一个鼻咽癌侯选抑瘤基因,为了构建BRD7基因的原核表达载体并使其在大肠杆菌得到表达,设计了带有SalⅠ,NotⅠ酶切位点的引物,以已构建好的质粒pGEM-T Easy/BRD7为模板,用PCR扩增出BRD7基因的完整阅读框架,并用SalⅠ,NotⅠ酶切PCR产物和原核表达载体PGEX-4T-2,然后用T4 DNA连接酶将其连接,得到重组表达质粒PGEX-4T-2/BRD7,经双酶切鉴定和测序验证,表达载体构建正确.重组表达质粒转化感受态大肠杆菌Jm105后用IPTG诱导,成功表达了一分子质量约为90 ku的融合蛋白;37℃诱导4 h后,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(PAGE)电泳后,经扫描分析该融合蛋白产量占菌体蛋白总量28.48%, 蛋白质印迹(Western-blot)证实了该融合蛋白的表达获得成功.这为BRD7基因的蛋白纯化及抗体制备,进一步开展其功能研究奠定了基础.     

用于植物基因表达载体构建的质粒改造及其应用

为克服目前常用于植物基因表达载体构建的质粒所具有的酶切位点有限,目的基因片段难于插入和连接,缺少植物基因表达所必须的启动子、终止子、筛选标记等功能元件的缺点,本研究构建了一个用于植物基因表达载体构建的质粒载体pNULPGE200。该质粒载体引入了植物基因表达最常用的CaMV 35S启动子(cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter)和NOS终止子(nopaline synthase terminator),以及之间的多克隆酶切位点MCS(multiple cloning site)。利用pNULPGE200构建植物基因表达载体,经PCR等方法克隆得到的目的基因可以直接连接到35S启动子与NOS终止子之间,使目的基因能够在植物体内稳定表达;同时该质粒载体还具有独立表达的卡那霉素NPT Ⅱ(neomycin phosphotransferase Ⅱ)耐性基因和sGFP(synthetic green-fluorescent protein with S65T mutation)绿色荧光蛋白报告基因,可用于基因转化时的筛选。本研究以假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)携带质粒的二甲苯单加氧酶(xylene monooxygenase)编码基因为材料,分别利用本文质粒载体和常规的质粒载体pBI121构建了植物表达载体,验证了文中质粒载体的实用性。     

玉米Lc基因植物表达载体构建及菊花转化

Lc基因是从玉米中分离得到的与花青素合成相关的调节基因,它在多种植物中的异源表达可以增加花青素的含量.本研究对pBI121载体Gus基因后的终止子进行2次PCR扩增,在原Sac Ⅰ酶切位点后添加了新的Sac Ⅰ酶切位点,利用组织化学染色法检测,结果表明改造后的载体上的Gus基因能正常表达,终止子功能正常,载体改造成功.用改造的pBI121N构建了含有Lc基因的植物表达载体pBl121N-Lc,利用农杆菌介导法转化菊花叶盘,获得了19株生根抗性苗.通过提取抗性苗基因组总DNA,PCR扩增Lc基因和CaMv35S启动子获得了11个阳性株系,PCR结果表明Lc基因已经转入菊花中.同时,在已获得的转基因植株中发现7个株系的根系有变红的现象.     

可直接克隆PCR产物的毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体

从毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA出发,构建了可直接克隆PCR产物的毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体（毕赤酵母表达型T载体）。设计合适的引物扩增一DNA片段,使该片断的上游含XhoⅠ和Eam1105Ⅰ酶切位点,下游含Eam1105Ⅰ和XbaⅠ酶切位点。通过XhoⅠ和XbaⅠ位点将扩增产物与质粒pPICZαA连接形成重组质粒。用Eam1105Ⅰ酶切重组质粒,回收大片段即得到毕赤酵母表达型T载体pPICZαT。使用该表达型T载体进行了里氏木霉纤维二糖水解酶Ⅱ基因（cbh2）的克隆和在巴氏毕赤酵母中的表达。结果表明,使用表达型T载体可以直接克隆PCR产物,而且可以使外源基因在毕赤酵母中成功表达。另一方面,使用该载体时不需要使用限制性内切酶,从而可以避免在所表达蛋白的N-末端引入多余的氨基酸。     

酿酒酵母3-磷酸甘油酸激酶基因(PGK1)启动子片段的亚克隆

含有3-磷酸甘油酸激酶基因(PGK1)的酿酒酵母染色体3.1kb HindⅢ片段,已被克隆到大肠杆菌-酵母菌穿梭载体pCN60上。Kpn Ⅰ核酸内切酶在pCN60上没有酶切位点,而在pCN60(PGK1)上仅有一酶切位点。用此酶将pCN60(PGK1)质粒完全酶切,再用Bal31从两端逐步消解碱基对,使反应终止于每端消解500bp左右,加上EcoR Ⅰlinker。用EcoRⅠ、BamH Ⅰ酶切,分离1. 9kb的DNA片段,插入用同样双酶切的酵母启动子探针载体pVC727上,转化E.coli C600,再从转化子中提取重组质粒转化酵母受体菌NA87-11A。用菌落染色法筛选出PHO5基因高效表达转化子,这个转化子质粒含有1.9kb的BamH Ⅰ、EcoRⅠ酶切片段,它具有强启动子功能,并测定其3'末端序列。     

黄连对羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶基因的植物表达载体构建

目的:构建除草剂抗性基因黄连对羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶的植物表达载体.方法:通过PCR从重组质粒pGWB2/Cjhppd中扩增出大小为1 300bp的目的片段,亚克隆到pGEM-T easy上.BamHⅠ和SpeⅠ双酶切pGEM-T Easy/Cjhppd和质粒pCambia1301,回收得到1 300bp的Cjhppd基因片段和开环质粒pCambia-1301-UbiN,用T4连接酶连接,得到重组质粒,利用三亲法将其导入农杆菌EHA105 中.结果:成功得到农杆菌EHA105的阳性菌落,菌落PCR扩增得到和预期大小一致的1 300bpDNA片段.结论:成功将具有除草剂抗性的Cjhppd构建到了含有玉米泛素启动子Ubi和选择性标记基因Hpt的植物表达载体pCambia-1301-UbiN/Cjhppd,并导入根癌农杆菌EHA105中,可以用于水稻等单子叶植物的遗传转化.     

中国葡萄属野生种抗白粉病抗逆基因植物表达载体的构建

将质粒pSB166中包含ED35s启动子、Omega元件及TNOS终止子的一段核苷酸序列定向克隆到质粒pCAMBIA1303,构建了中间表达载体pWR306;以中国野生葡萄华东葡萄白河35-1 cDNA为模板,通过PCR扩增出葡萄芪合成酶基因（STS）、醛脱氢酸基因（ALDH）,与pGEM-T Easy克隆载体连接,获得重组质粒pGEM-T Easy-STS和pGEM-TEasy-ALDH;双酶切重组质粒及表达载体pWR306,将STS、ALDH基因片段与线性表达载体pWR306进行定向连接,构建了葡萄芪合成酶基因及醛脱氢酶基因的植物表达载体pWR-STS、pWR-ALDH,并用改进冻融法导入农杆菌GV3101。     

家蝇抗菌肽Defensin基因同向串联表达载体的构建和鉴定

目的:构建家蝇抗菌肽Defensin基因多拷贝串联体,并克隆到甲醇酵母分泌表达载体pPIC9K上。方法:PCR法扩增家蝇抗菌肽Defensin基因成熟肽片断,目的片断的上游5′端带有EcoRⅠ和NheⅠ位点,下游5′端带有NotⅠ和XbaⅠ位点,目的片断首先克隆入pMD18-T载体,利用pMD18-T载体的NdeⅠ位点和目的片断上的一对同尾酶(NheⅠ和XbaⅠ),多次酶切连接,串联成多拷贝的Defensin成熟肽基因,再用EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切,最后克隆入甲醇酵母分泌表达载体pPIC9K。结果:PCR鉴定、酶切鉴定和DNA测序证明多拷贝基因重组质粒构建成功。结论:该方法能方便高效地获得所需的多拷贝基因,为进一步进行高效表达打下基础。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism