猪瘟病毒糖蛋白E0基因的克隆及及表达研究

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增分别获得了中国猪瘟病毒强毒石门株和兔化弱毒株糖蛋白Ｅ０基因ｃＤＮＡ,并克隆到ｐＧＥＭ Ｔ载体中测定其核苷酸序列和推导出其对应氨基酸序列,结果表明这两个毒 间的Ｅ０基因核苷酸序列同源性为９５．３％,氨基酸序列同源性为９４％,有１４个殖基的差异;与几个代表毒株ＡＬＤ株、ＧＰＥ株、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ株、Ａｌｆｏｒｔ株和国外测得的兔化弱毒Ｃ株相应序列进行比较,所测石门病毒核苷酸序列与上述     

猪瘟病毒石门株与兔化弱毒株E0糖蛋白基因的克隆及序列分析

参考已发表的猪瘟病毒序列,设计并合成了一对引物,应用ＲＴＰＣＲ 技术,扩增了猪瘟兔化弱毒（Ｈｏｇ ｃｈｏｌｅｒａ ｖｉｒｕｓ ｌａｐｉｎｉｚｅｄ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｓｔｒａｉｎ , ＨＣＬＶ） 和石门强毒株的Ｅ０ 糖蛋白基因,并将其克隆到ｐＧＥＭＴ 载体中,测定了其核苷酸序列,并推导了其氨基酸序列。结果表明我国这两株强弱不同毒株Ｅ０ 糖蛋白核苷酸序列同源性和推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为９５－０ ％ 和９４－３ ％ ,有１３ 个氨基酸的差异,ＨＣＬＶ 比石门株多了一个潜在的Ｎ糖基化位点。将我国这两株病毒与国外已报导的ＨＣＶ 毒株Ｅ０ 基因序列进行了比较,发现石门株与日本的两株毒株ＡＬＤ 和ＧＰＥ－ 同源性较高,核苷酸序列同源性分别为９７－４ ％ 和９６－５ ％ ,氨基酸同源性分别为９７－４ ％ 和９６－０ ％ ,而与欧洲Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ 株和Ａｌｆｏｒｔ 株同源性较低,核苷酸同源性分别为９２－２ ％ 和８６－５ ％ ,氨基酸同源性为９５－２ ％ 和９２－５ ％ , ＨＣＬＶ 与ＡＬＤ、ＧＰＥ－ 、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ、Ａｌｆｏｒｔ 株核苷酸同源性分别为９５－６ ％ 、９４－９ ％ 、９１－３ ％ 、８５－５ ％ …     

猪瘟病毒石门株与兔化弱毒株gp55基因的克隆与序列分析

猪瘟病毒石门系强毒株及兔化弱毒疫苗株（ＨＣＬＶ株）是我国的标准毒株,囊膜糖蛋白ｇｐ５５（又称Ｅ１）是该病毒最重要的保护性抗原。本实验采用反转录ＰＣＲ扩增了这两个毒株的ｇｐ５５基因。序列分析结果表明：１．石门株和兔化弱毒株糖蛋白Ｅ１的氨基酸序列含有１５个半胱氨酸残基（Ｃｙｓ）,其数量及位置与国外４株猪瘟病毒（Ａｌｆｏｒｔ、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ、ＡＬＤ和ＧＰＥ＾－）完全一样。Ｅ１中Ｃｙｓ的数量及位置的保守性     

我国猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株囊膜糖蛋白E0基因的克隆及序列测定

采用异硫氰酸胍一步法从４８０代猪瘟病毒兔化弱毒株（ＨＣＬＶ）脾毒中提取总ＲＮＡ,以该ＲＮＡ为模板,进行反转录,然后采用套式ＰＣＲ扩增出ＨＣＬＶ的囊膜糖蛋白Ｅ０基因,琼脂糖凝胶电泳表明其大小与预计相符。将扩增出的Ｅ０基因克隆到ｐＧＥＭＴ载体中,用自动序列分析仪对其进行序列测定。将测得的序列及推导的氨基酸序列与国外测得的Ｃ株相应序列进行比较,结果发现,它们之间核苷酸序列同源性为９９．０８％,氨基酸序列同源性为９８．４２％。     

猪瘟病毒石门株NS2—3基因片段的序列测定及比较

根据猪瘟病毒Ｃ株的序列,以计算机辅助设计,化学合成１对引物（ＰＦ５６４８／ＰＲ６６０４）,应用ＲＴＰＣＲ技术从感染猪血中成功地扩增了我国猪瘟病毒强毒石门株ＮＳ２３基因片段,大小为９５７ｂｐ,位于ＮＳ３基因的中部ＮＴＰａｓｅ和Ｈｅｌｉｃａｓｅ活性区。克隆后测序,结果表明该段基因产物具有解旋酶超家族全部七个特征性保守序列,包括共同的ＮＴＰ结合基序Ａ位点（ＧＸＧＫＴ／Ｓ）和Ｂ位点（３ｈｙ,２ｘ）Ｄ。序列同源性比较表明,石门株与日本的ＡＬＤ和ＧＰＥ－株同源性最高,与其它３株猪瘟病毒（Ｃ株、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ株和Ａｌｆｏｒｔ株）的同源性也很高,并与２株牛病毒性腹泻病毒（ＢＶＤＶ）（ＮＡＤＬ株和ＳＤ１株）也有较高的同源性,尤其是由核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸序列,同源性均大于９０％,是瘟病毒属基因组中最保守的区段,这与该基因产物在病毒复制及聚蛋白前体加工过程中所具有的重要功能是一致的     

大熊猫犬瘟热病毒融合蛋白基因3‘端的序列测定

从死亡大熊猫的肝脏中直接提取细胞总ＲＮＡ,经反转录后,用犬瘟热病毒的两对引物,分两段扩增出融合蛋白基因３＇端的片段。经序列分析表明：此片段的长度为６９３ｂｐ;此毒株在核苷酸和氨基酸水平与某疫苗弱毒株、Ｏｎｄｅｒｓｔｅｐｏｏｒｔ弱毒株、海豹瘟热病毒２型毒株和海豹瘟热病毒１型的同源性分别为９７．５％和９６．２％、８８．６％和９４．５％、９２．９％和９５．６％、６３．２％和７６．５％;大熊猫毒株与其它毒     

22株猪瘟病毒E2基因部分编码序列的序列分析

RT－PCR方法获得了13株猪瘟病毒分离株、石门系强毒、中国C株及法国温度敏感株Thiverval株的E2基因部分编码序列的拉增片段,并对其进行了测序,得到了251bp的E2基因部分编码序列。利用DNAStar软件对其中224bp的片段进行了序列分析,并与已发表的Alfort、Brescia等毒株进行比较,结果13株猪瘟分离株所测片段均为猪瘟病毒E2基因的序列,与石门系强毒的序列相比所有毒株的碱基替换随机地分布于整个序列,无碱基缺失和碱基插入。其中变化较大的区域位于序列的3′端。2 2株HCV E2基因部分编码序列的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性范围分别为78.1%-100%、78.4%-100%,其中13株猪瘟病毒流行毒株的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性范围分别为:78.1%-100%、78.4%-100%,4株70－80年代分离的毒株的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性范围分别为：79.0%-88.3%、81.1%-87.8%,9株90年代分离的毒株的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性范围分别为：90.3%-100%、83.8%-100％;说明猪病毒流行株的变异呈现一定的多样性。     

北京等四地区呼吸道合胞病毒分离株G蛋白基因的比较分析

为了解我国不同地区呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）感染特征是否与基因变异有关,对北京、广州、长春和河北四个地区不同流行特征中分离的ＲＳＶ毒株的Ｇ蛋白基因进行了序列分析。结果表明,该Ｇ蛋白基因同国外Ａ型亚原型株（Ａ２株）间存在显著差异,Ａ２株同分离株间的核苷酸同源性为９２．７－９３．６％,氨基酸同源性只有８８．３－８９．９％。分离株间的核苷酸同湃性为９６．０－９８．９％,氨基酸同源性９２．６－９７．７％。氨     

两个猪瘟病毒野毒株gp55基因抗原编码区序列的分析及比较

利用反转录－PCR方法扩增了吉林省猪瘟病毒（HCV）两个野毒株gp55基因的主要保护性抗原编码区,并将其克隆到pGEM－T载体中,然后用Sanger双脱氧法测定了其核苷酸序列,并推导了其氨基酸序列。将测定的这两个HCV野毒株的部分序列（350bp）与国内外已知的HCV序列进行比较,结果表明：这两个野毒株的核苷酸序列的同源性为94．9％,氨基酸序列同源性为97．4％,与1985～1992年意大利中部分离4个野毒株的同源性明显高于其它HCV毒株,核苷酸同源性分别为97．2％～98．3％和94.0％～949％,氨基酸同源性分别为98．3％～991％和97.4％～98.3％,而与我国的HCV标准强毒株即石门株的核苷酸同源性仅分别为83.1％和83.1％,氨基酸同源性仅分别为90.6％和91.4％。因此认为吉林省这两个野毒株与意大利中部的4个野毒株具有密切的关系,而与石门株很可能来源不同。     

汉坦病毒陈株S基因编码区的克隆,序列分析及表达

从汉坦病毒陈株感染的ＶｅｒｏＥ６细胞裂解液中提取病毒ＲＮＡ,经逆转录ＰＣＲ获得病毒Ｓ基因编码区约１．３ｋｂｃＤＮＡ片段,克隆该片段后进行核苷酸序列测定,并与汉坦病毒７６１１８株进行同源性比较,结果二者核苷酸序列同源性为８６％,推导的氨基酸序列同源性为９７％。将该基因片段插入原核表达载体ｐＧＥＸ４Ｔ１,在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达。表达产物为ＧＳＴＮＰ融合蛋白。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ检测表达蛋白分子约７２ｋＤ左右。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔｉｎｇ和ＥＬＩＳＡ试验结果表明,表达产物可与多株抗汉坦病毒核蛋白的ＭｃＡｂ发生反应,其抗原表位及ＭｃＡｂ反应谱与７６１１８株相比存在某些差异。     

壳聚糖酶的克隆表达与壳寡糖的制备分析

目的:克隆壳聚糖酶基因于大肠杆菌中实现高表达,制备壳寡糖。方法:以枯草芽孢杆菌总DNA为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因(CSN),克隆至载体pET23a(+)上,转化菌株BL21(DE3)。重组子经0.5 mmol/L IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE和质谱检测与鉴定重组酶。酶纯化后水解壳聚糖,薄层色谱分析其水解产物。结果:质谱证明壳聚糖酶(31.5kDa)成功表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的45%左右。纯化后重组酶浓度为900 mg/L,纯度95%、回收率85%,酶活力为10 000 U/mg。壳聚糖降解产物为壳二糖至壳四糖。结论:原核表达载体pET23a(+)-CSN构建正确,壳聚糖酶表达量与活性高,适用于水解壳聚糖制备壳寡糖。     

国内外蝗害治理技术现状与展望

本文首先概述了国内外蝗虫发生与为害的态势,总结了现阶段我国蝗虫发生与为害的主要特点:即农田飞蝗暴发频繁而且严重,草原土蝗的发生时常造成严重的经济损失,而且侵入城市干扰市民生活,我国与周边国家之间蝗虫过境迁移频繁,使用化学农药污染环境和农产品;分析了国内外蝗虫防治对策与技术的发展现状,重点介绍了应急防治和可持续治理对策、...     

Synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phosphatidylserine of myelin and microsomal fractions of adult and developing rat brain.

The synthesis and turnover of cerebrosides and phospholipids was followed in microsomal and myelin fractions of developing and adult rat brains after an intracerebral injection of [U-14C]serine. The kinetics of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal and myelin cerebrosides indicate the possibility of a precursor-product relationship between cerebrosides of these membranes. The specific radioactivity of myelin cerebrosides was corrected for the deposition of newly formed cerebrosides in myelin. Multiphasic curves were obtained for the decline in specific radioactivity of myelin and microsomal cerebrosides, suggesting different cerebroside pools in these membranes. The half-life of the fast turning-over pool of cerebrosides of myelin was 7 and 22 days for the developing and adult rat brain respectively. The half-life of the slowly turning-over pool of myelin cerebrosides was about 145 days for both groups of animals. The half-life of the rapidly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was calculated to be 20 and 40 h for the developing and adult animals respectively. The half-life of the intermediate and slowly turning-over microsomal cerebrosides was 11 and 60 days respectively, for both groups of animals. The amount of incorporation of radioactivity into microsomal cerebrosides from L-serine was greatly decreased in the adult animals, and greater amounts of the precursor were directed towards the synthesis of phosphatidylserine. In the developing animals, considerable amounts of cerebrosides were synthesized from L-serine, besides phosphatidylserine. The time-course of incorporation indicated that a precursor-product relationship exists between microsomal and myelin phosphatidylserine. The half-life of microsomal phosphatidylserine was calculated to be about 8 h for the fast turning-over pool in both groups of animals.     

Identification and composition of the tonsillar and anal enterococcal and streptococcal flora of dogs and cats

Enterococcus faecalis was the most frequently isolated enterococcal species from anal swabs and tonsils of dogs and cats, although in the anal samples from dogs Ent. hirae was found almost as often as Ent. faecalis. Most Ent.faecium strains from dog tonsils differed from those associated with humans and other animals in that they fermented sorbitol. Typical Ent. avium as well as atypical Ent. avium -like strains were seen in dogs, while the related species Ent. raffinosus was associated with cat tonsils. Enterococcus cecorum also occurred mainly in cats. Certain atypical strains, presumptively identified as Ent. cecorum , shared characteristics with Ent. columbae.
The most frequent streptococcal species in tonsils of cats and dogs were Streptococcus suis and Strep. canis. Streptococcus canis and Strep. bovis predominated in anal swabs. The canine Strep. suis differed from the common porcine strains in fermenting mannitol.
Forty-seven of the 288 isolates examined could not be identified or related to known species. The characteristics of two groups of these bacteria, provisionally called 'Ton 31 group' and 'O7 group' are described.     

Molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia and assessment of zoonotic transmission

The molecular characterisation of species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is essential for accurately identifying organisms and assessing zoonotic transmission. Results of recent molecular epidemiological studies strongly suggest that zoonotic transmission plays an important role in cryptosporidiosis epidemiology. In such cases the most prevalent zoonotic species is Cryptosporidium parvum. Genotyping and subtyping data suggest that zoonotic transmission is not as prevalent in the epidemiology of giardiasis. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium and Giardia is a relatively recent application that is evolving as new genes are found that increase the accuracy of identification while discovering a greater diversity of species and yet unnamed taxa within these two important genera. As molecular data accumulate, our understanding of the role of zoonotic transmission in epidemiology and clinical manifestations is becoming clearer.     

白术同源四倍体的诱导和鉴定及其与二倍体过氧化物酶的比较

以白术（Atractylodes macrooephala Koidz.）二倍体组培苗为材料,对其四倍体诱导方法进行研究,共获得45个白术同源四倍体株系,为优良株系的选育提供了材料。此外,还分析比较了其中8个白术四倍体株系与二倍体的过氧化物酶同工酶（POD）的酶谱差异,发现四倍体各株系过氧化物酶同工酶谱比二倍体的均多了Rf0.310的谱带,且总过氧化物酶比活力也发生了很大改变,对探讨白术四倍体优良株系的生理生化机理具有一定的参考价值。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of peroxidase- and laccase-catalyzed oxidation of N-substituted phenothiazines and phenoxazines

N -substituted phenothiazines (PTs) and phenoxazines (POs) catalyzed by fungal Coprinus cinereus peroxidase and Polyporus pinsitus laccase were investigated at pH 4–10. In the case of peroxidase, an apparent bimolecular rate constant (expressed as k _cat/K _m) varied from 1 ×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹to 2.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 7.0. The constants for PO oxidation were higher in comparison to PT. pH dependence revealed two or three ionizable groups with pK _a values of 4.9–5.7 and 7.7–9.7 that significantly affected the activity of peroxidase. Single-turnover experiments showed that the limiting step of PT oxidation was reduction of compound II and second-order rate constants were obtained which were consistent with the constants at steady-state conditions. Laccase-catalyzed PT and PO oxidation rates were lower; apparent bimolecular rate constants varied from 1.8×10⁵M⁻¹s⁻¹ to 2.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ at pH 5.3. PO constants were higher in comparison to PT, as was the case with peroxidase. The dependence of the apparent bimolecular constants of compound II or copper type 1 reduction, in the case of peroxidase or laccase, respectively, was analyzed in the framework of the Marcus outer-sphere electron-transfer theory. Peroxidase-catalyzed reactions with PT, as well as PO, fitted the same hyperbolic dependence with a maximal oxidation rate of 1.6×10⁸M⁻¹s⁻¹ and a reorganization energy of 0.30 eV. The respective parameters for laccase were 5.0×10⁷M⁻¹s⁻¹ and 0.29 eV. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 24 February 2000