斜纹夜蛾Prodenia litura Fab.的初步考察

一、发生情况 1.被害植物 斜纹夜蛾的幼虫,食性很杂,根据我们调查,在棉花、芋头、莲藕、大豆、绿豆、茄子、向日葵、包菜、白菜上,发生均相当普遍;此外,在丝瓜、番茄、芝麻、刀豆、扁豆、金花菜、蕹菜、红薯、马铃薯、黄麻、苋菜、葱、芥菜、高粱、水稻、玉米等多种植物上,亦常可见其取食。室内曾饲以99科290种植物,其中有90种喜吃,107种较喜吃,86种不喜吃,仅有荸荠、茅草、竹叶、甘蔗、芦苇、茭白、苏铁等7种,完全不吃,可见这种昆虫,对于食料植物的适应范围,是非常广泛的。     

微生物学通报1974年总目录

(1):(2):3):1呼):2矛亡、了t、产‘、 5 9131518 峪 8l1l斗 ..............……、,/、.2、.jr‘、./、J产‘、/‘、/‘、2、..1、、l,几,人,几,二,‘,几弓‘,自,‘,山了.、了厄、了‘、矛了电、产r、了占、尹侄、Z‘、/吸、r.、d.n,‘.、Jl舀 ,‘..‘,L口山 .……,:、、了、.了、色了、.产、、‘J‘月,魂j月,,,门、︶产.、了.、Z卫.、了‘、了.L、(3):274):3护0 0 36 ,玉.二“.二 ..……、、J了、、2‘、、产、几.2斗通月月,人,紧跟毛主席的伟大战略部署把批林批孔的斗争进行到底···,·、···、·················…     

蛇岛蝮蛇的微量元素研究

经 ICP-AES 测定,在蛇岛蝮蛇体内含有 Zn、Cu,Fe、Mn、Mo、Cr、Co、Se、V、Sn、Si、Li、Te.Al、As,Ge 和 Pb 等多种微量元素,但各器官之间存在显著差异.Zn 几乎存在于蛇体内的所有组织,而且含量极为丰富.蛇体内的 Cr、Sn、Te、Al 含量较高,但 Cu、Mn、Mo.V 等含量甚微.胆汁,血清具有高 Te、Cr、Pb、As,Li、低 Fe、Zn 的特点,而肝、脾、血液不仅 Fe 贮量丰富,且 Sn 含量也高.     

桑天牛的研究

桑天牛Apriona germari(Hope)广布国内南北各地,是多种果树、林木和桑树的重要害虫。幼虫蛀食树干,促使植株生育不良,树势早衰,影响桑、果产量,降低木材利用价值;被害严重的易遭风折,甚至整株枯死,损失很大。以往国内对这种害虫,虽有过简单报导,但尚缺乏系统资料,可供参考。我们从1960年起,连续进行观察,三年来已查清其奇主植物、生活史及主要习性,并取得较简便的防治方法。现将研究结果整理如下: 一、寄主植物 根据在南昌莲塘的调查,桑天牛的寄主计有:白杨、刺槐、柳、榆、构、朴、枫杨、无花果、苹果、沙果、枇杷、樱桃、梨、野棠梨和桑树等,而苦楝、乌桕、油桐、樟、泡桐、松、杉、柏、李、桃、梅等树种,未发现寄生。 在同一地区,不同寄主植物,有偏嗜现象。如白杨、无花果的被害株率高达100％,构、柳、苹果、刺槐、梨等在80％左右,其余均在20％以内。每被害株平均产卵数,亦有同样趋向,即白杨最多,为10.4个,无花果8.6个,柳7.6个,苹果6.2个,刺槐4.3个,梨2.6个,枇杷1.3个。 幼虫成活率的高低,亦依寄主植物而有不同,据调     

广东省生态学会五届七次常务理事(扩大)会议纪要

广东省生态学会五届七次常务理事(扩大)会议于2002年5月15日在深圳西部海上田园召开。理事长彭少麟主持了会议,副理事长吴博任,副理事长兼秘书长张社尧,常务理事丁培强、王绍仪、陈桂珠、张润杰、钟晓青、陈章和、陈北光、黎伟民、周长久、彭绍坚、段舜山、郭艳华、许炼烽,理事曾国欣、龚峥、王霞宇、古导仁,顾问王伯荪、古炎坤、朱小仲,学会秘书处工作人员唐爱民、彭昆仑、夏群建、张锡鹏等35人出席了会议。 副理事长骆世明、万洪富、邹仁林、蓝崇钰,常务理事胡玉佳、杞桑、钱宏林、梁广文,敖惠修因事请假。     

中国冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinens is)

中国冬虫夏草药用,食用历史悠久。1757年载入《本草从新》以后,古籍书中有不少记载。近年,北京、上海、四川、青海、福建、云南、山西、江西、广西、广东、河北、湖南、贵州十三省市,生物学,药学、医学研究单位以及医院,药厂等从     

沉痛哀悼王应睐教授逝世 讣告

中国共产党党员、九三学社社员 ,著名生物化学家、中国科学院院士 ,中国科学院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所研究员、名誉所长 ,中国科学院上海分院前院长、中国科学院原上海生物化学研究所前所长 ,全国第三、五、六届人大代表、上海市第二、三、四、七届人大代表 ,九三学社前中央委员、中央常委、上海市副主委 ,中国生化学会前理事长、名誉理事长、上海生化学会前理事长 ,中国对外友协上海分会前副会长、上海欧美同学会前副会长 ,比利时皇家科学、文学和美术学院外国院士、匈牙利科学院名誉院士、捷克科学院外籍院士 ,美国生物化学与分子生物…     

采集山野荆条藤草提供编织业原料

我国山区蕴藏着丰富的荊条藤草,它可以编织各种型式美观、朴素大方的日用品和工艺品,如藤床、藤箱、藤椅、草席、草帽、草袋、提篮、提包、门帘、地毡、拖鞋、扫把、杯套、果盒等五花八门,用途很大。不仅活跃市场供应,有的还可出口换取外汇。因此,每年“小秋收”季节,采集山野荆条藤草,成为农村副业门路之一,也是农家编织业的原料来源,生财致富好门路。山野荆条藤草品种繁多。常见常用的有黄荆条,桎木条、鼠条、上藤、芦苇、野桐麻、     

多索线虫的生态学研究

利用线虫防治害虫,现已引起了国内外植保工作者的重视,许多国家用人工大量繁殖,施放大田。岳阳地区气候温暖,宜于线虫生长发育。多年来,笔者通过调查研究,了解到温度、湿度、光照、土壤、酸碱度、农药、化肥、寄主等,尤其是湿度对多索线虫的生长发育影响极大,现就调查研究所得多索线虫的生态特点综述如下:材料和方法1.区域调查:1977—1985年内,从每年的8月到翌年4月,在岳阳、临湘、华容、湘阴、平江、泪罗、常德、石门、长沙、桃源、钱粮湖、君山、黄界湖等县、场,就不同地理     

草原之星野大麦

野大麦别名菜麦草、大麦草、野黑麦,主要分布在东北、华北、内蒙古、青海、新疆等省区,为禾本科大麦属多年生草本植物,须根稠密,常具短根茎,茎直立或基部膝曲、具2—5节,疏丛型,叶长5—16厘米、宽2—6厘米、绿色或灰绿色,叶舌较短,高50—80厘米,穗状花序长5—10厘米、宽2—6厘米、常四棱形、紧密、绿色、成熟时带紫色,成熟穗轴易逐节断落,穗序上每节有小穗3枚,两侧为有柄小穗,通常较小、不孕或为雄性。     

On the interactions of catalase with subcellular structure

The interaction of mouse liver catalase with subcellular membranes was studied, and an ionic interaction with a variety of membranes, including those derived from the microsomes, was observed. The interaction with microsomal membranes was found to be abolished by pre-treatment of catalase with neuraminidase, indicating a functional significance for catalase-bound sialic acid. Catalase activity was found to be enhanced when bound to membranes, and evidence for a weak association of catalase with peroxisomal structure in mouse liver was also obtained. It is concluded that mouse liver catalase has a capacity to bind to a variety of subcellular membranes in vivo and that this interaction may be consistent with a general protective role for the enzyme, as well as being compatible with a model of peroxisomal biogenesis which involves the interaction of catalase with microsomal membranes.Abbreviations LGF Large Granule Fraction     

Metabolic shift analysis at high cell densities

Abstract: In high cell density cultures it is virtually inevitable that the environment to which the cells are exposed is heterogeneous. Thus, with suspended cultures, individual cells are subject to temporal changes in their environment whereas with aggregated or immobilized cells, the culture can be considered as being formed by a number of subpopulations, each with its own environmental characteristics. In addition, in a high cell density environment, high concentrations of end products may negatively influence the growth rate. This may result in the selection of organisms with an altered metabolic behaviour or with a decreased sensitivity to the adverse effects of the product. We discuss the consequences of this heterogeneity with regard to carbon source metabolism in view of the ability of many bacterial species to adapt to environmental conditions. Selection of variant organisms was found to occur with Clostridium butyricum when grown for a prolonged time in a medium containing approx. I-50 mM glucose. In contrast to the original strain, these variants could sustain a high maximal growth rate in the presence of butyric acid. In addition, they had acquired the capacity to spontaneously form aggregates and were able to carry out a completely solventogenic fermentation. Heterogeneous metabolic activity in aggregated cells is demonstrated with cultures of Lactobacillus laevolacticus , an aggregateforming lactic acid bacterium that converts glucose completely to o-lactate. By using microelectrodes, we show that the fraction of metabolically active cells decreases with increasing aggregate size: in larger aggregates steep pH gradients occur with the effect that only the outer layer of the aggregate is metabolically active, i.e. contributes to lactic acid formation, whereas with smaller aggregates all cells remain active. As a result, the net specific lactic acid production rate of the population as a whole is not invariably increased with increased aggregate size.     

Digit ratio (2D:4D) and the spatial representation of magnitude

Digit ratio (as a putative indicator of prenatal androgen exposure) is related to a range of sexually dimorphic abilities, including spatial skills and mathematical ability. This study examined a phenomenon known as the SNARC effect (Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes), which is taken as evidence of a mental representation of magnitude along a left-right-oriented number line, with low magnitudes associated with the left side of space, and high numbers with the right side of space. Participants made a parity judgement of numbers with responses made with a left key to odd numbers and a right key to even numbers. This was reversed for a second block of trials. Response times to numbers one to nine with both the right and left hand were calculated, and regression analyses conducted to analyse whether lower magnitudes were responded to faster with the left hand and higher magnitudes with the right hand. Participants with lower (more masculine) digit ratios on the right hand showed a stronger SNARC effect compared to participants with high digit ratios. This pattern of results was also found when the analyses were conducted separately for men and women. Results from left hand digit ratios indicated that only low digit ratio females showed a significant SNARC effect. These findings add to a growing literature on the relationship between digit ratio and cognitive abilities; in this case, simple cognitive representations that are accessed automatically rather than complex skills such as mental rotation or "mathematics" where a variety of solution strategies may be utilised.     

Kinetics of lipid-membrane binding and conformational change of L-BABP

We designed an experimental approach to differentiate the kinetics of protein binding to a lipid membrane from the kinetics of the associated conformational change in the protein. We measured the fluorescence intensity of the single Trp6 in chicken liver bile acid-binding protein (L-BABP) as a function of time after mixing the protein with lipid membranes. We mixed the protein with pure lipid membranes, with lipid membranes in the presence of a soluble quencher, and with lipid membranes containing a fluorescence quencher attached to the lipid polar head group. We fitted simultaneously the experimental curves to a three-state kinetic model. We conclude that in a first step, the binding of L-BABP to the interfacial region of the anionic lipid polar head groups occurred simultaneously with a conformational change to the partly unfolded state. In a second slower step, Trp6 buried within the polar head group region, releasing contacts with the aqueous phase.     

Nonverbal Communication and Human–Dog Interaction

Human–dog interaction relies to a large extent on nonverbal communication, and it is therefore plausible that human sensitivity to nonverbal signals affects interactions between human and dog. Experience with dogs is also likely to influence human–dog interactions, and it has been suggested that it influences human social skills. The present study investigated possible links between human nonverbal sensitivity, experience with dogs, and the quality of human–dog interactions. Two studies are reported. In study 1, 97 veterinary students took a psychometric test assessing human nonverbal sensitivity and answered a questionnaire on their experience with dogs. The data obtained were then used to investigate the relationship between experience with dogs and sensitivity to human nonverbal communication. The results did not indicate that experience with dogs improves human nonverbal sensitivity. In study 2, 16 students with high, and 15 students with low, levels of human nonverbal sensitivity were selected. Each of the 31 students interacted once with an unknown dog in a greeting situation, and these human–dog interactions were videoed. We found that a combined score of dog behaviors relating to insecurity was associated with the students' level of nonverbal sensitivity and experience with dogs: the dog showed more of the insecure behavior when interacting with students with a low level of nonverbal sensitivity and no experience with dogs than it did when interacting with students with a high level of nonverbal sensitivity (irrespective of experience with dogs).     

Description and identification of two new diseases of guariroba palm (Syagrus oleraceae) in Brazil

Guariroba is a palm species native to central Brazil. Seedlings of guariroba with leaf spots of unknown aetiology were found in Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The leaf spots were manifest as two different symptom types: the first lesion type consisted of necrotic spots with a rounded to elongate shape, with a light colour and dark edges; the second lesion type had a rounded shape, was dark brown in colour with a light brown edge. The objective of this study was to elucidate the aetiology of both diseases. The likely causal agents were isolated and Koch's postulate fulfilled. Subsequently, the ITS region of rDNA from both micro‐organisms were amplified and sequenced. According to the morphological characteristics and molecular analyses, the fungal species were identified as Pestalotiopsis adusta (causing necrotic spots with a rounded to elongate shape, with a light colour and dark edges), and Alternaria tenuissima (causing lesions with a rounded shape, dark brown in colour with a light brown edge). Identification of the causal organisms of these two diseases will help guide management approaches that might be tested to reduce impact of the disease on Guariroba, including the use of fungicides and cultural approaches.     

Localization of Rheb to the endomembrane is critical for its signaling function

Rheb, a small GTPase, has emerged as a key molecular switch that directly regulates the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Similar to other members of the Ras superfamily, Rheb has a C-terminal CaaX box that is subject to farnesylation. This study reports that farnesylation is a key determinant of Rheb's subcellular localization and directs its association with the endomembrane. Timed imaging of live cells expressing EGFP-Rheb reveals that following brief association with the ER, Rheb localizes to highly ordered, distinct structures within the cytoplasm that display characteristics of Golgi membranes. Failure of Rheb to localize to the endomembrane impairs its ability to interact with mTOR and activate downstream targets. Consistent with the notion that the endomembrane may serve as a platform for the assembly of a functional Rheb/mTOR complex, treatment of cells with brefeldin A interferes with transmission of Rheb signals to p70S6K.     

基于小波分析的大豆叶绿素a含量高光谱反演模型

 2003和2004年分别在长春市良种场和中国科学院海伦黑土生态实验站实测了大田耕作与水肥耦合作用下大豆（Glycine max）冠层高光谱反射率 与叶绿素a含量数据,对光谱反射率、微分光谱与叶绿素a含量进行了相关分析;采用归一化植被指数(Normalized diffe rence vegetation index, NDVI)、土壤调和植被指数(Soil-adjusted vegetation index, SAVI)、再归一植被指数(Renormalized difference vegetation index, RDVI)、第二修正比值植被指数(Modified second ratio index, MSRI)等建立了大豆叶绿素a反演模型;应用小波分析对采集的光谱反 射率数据进行了能量系数提取,并以小波能量系数作为自变量进行了单变量与多变量回归分析,对大豆叶绿素a进行了估算。研究结果表明,大 豆叶绿素a 与可见光光谱反射率相关性较好,并在红光波段取得最大值(R²>0.70),但在红边处,微分光谱与大豆叶绿素a的相关性较反射率好 得多,在其它波段则相反;由NDVI、SAVI、RDVI、MSRI等植被指数建立的估算模型可以提高大豆叶绿素a的估算精度（R²>0.75）;小波能量系 数回归模型可以进一步提高大豆叶绿素a含量的估算水平,以一个特定小波能量系数作为自变量的回归模型,大豆叶绿素a回归决定系数R²高达 0.78;多变量回归分析结果表明,大豆叶绿素a实测值与预测值的线性回归决定系数R²均高达0.85。以上结果表明, 小波分析可以对高光谱进 行特征变量提取,并可在一定程度上提高大豆生理参数反演精度。     

小鼠对不同拓扑性质图形的识别

视觉感知的一系列研究都支持大范围拓扑感知的理论．拓扑性质作为整体性质,是视觉感知的基础．视觉对图形拓扑特征差异的感知要优先于对局部特征差异的感知．采用Y迷宫研究了小鼠对不同拓扑性质图形的识别．训练小鼠学习识别圆环和实心矩形这一对拓扑性质不同的图形,之后用拓扑特征相同或不同的其他图形测试小鼠,这些图形包括空心矩形、实心圆、缺口的圆环、缺口的空心矩形．实验结果表明,学会识别圆环(奖励)和实心矩形(无奖励)的小鼠无法区分实心圆和实心矩形以及圆环和空心矩形,但是能够分别从缺口圆环、缺口的空心矩形、实心圆与空心矩形组成的图形对中识别出空心矩形．因此证实了小鼠的视觉系统能够感知拓扑特征的差异并且具有对拓扑性质的概括能力．结果为拓扑知觉对视觉系统来说是基本的这一假设提供了证据．