溶脲脲原体感染病人血清特异性IgM、IgG的测定

在ＥＬＩＳＡ对特异性Ｕｕ抗体测定的基础上,以９０例Ｕｕ培养阳性者检测出抗Ｕｕ抗体８２例（９１．１％）,其中Ｉｇ阳性６０例（６６,７％）,Ｉｇ阳性４９例（５４．４％）;与３０例Ｕｕ多养阴性者比较,抗Ｕｕ抗体阳性４例（１３．３％）,其中ＩｇＭ阳性１例（３．３％）,ＩｇＧ阳性３例（１０．０％）,差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＥＬＩＳＡ测定血清抗Ｕｕ抗体的特异度为８７％,灵敏度９６％。该法是临床诊断Ｕｕ感染的又一有力手段,且对分析Ｕｕ感染的病程有重要参考价值。     

溶脲脲原体的血清型与疾病的关系

本文从溶脲脲原体的分型分展历史,重点综述近几年有关Ｕｕ的研究及其精型与疾病关系的研究进展,还涉及到Ｕｕ膜抗原变异等问题。     

抽穗期施用N—（2—氯—4—吡啶基）—N‘—苯基脲对水稻与产量有关性…

以大田和盆栽试验相结合的方法研究表明，在杂交水稻抽穗前后５ｄ期间喷施５－１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１４Ｐ－３０后，水稻单穗和实粒重、结实率以及灌浆速度均有提高，但对产量没有影响，４ＰＵ－３０与营养元素配合使用可增产１０％。     

PCR技术检测性病病原体在男性泌尿生殖系感染中的意义

用ＰＣＲ技术对我院５８８例男性生殖泌尿系感染患者进行淋病Ｋ球菌（ＮＧＦ）沙眼衣原体（ＣＴ）及解脲支原体（ＵＵ）检测,结果淋球菌感染者７５例（１２．７６％）;沙眼衣原体感染者８４例（１４．２９％）;解脲支原体感染者５１例（８．６７％）。淋球菌与沙眼衣原体混和感染者２５例（４．２５％）;淋球菌与解脲支原体混合感染者９例（１．５３％）;沙眼支原体与解脲支原体混合感染者１２例（２．０４％）;未发现有三种病原体同时感染者,并对ＰＣＲ检测性病病原体的意义及性病病原体传播趋势进行讨论。     

Beagle狗肾细胞及用于制备乙脑活疫苗的研究

Ｂｅａｇｌｅ乳狗（５－１０日龄）肾块用热消化法制成细胞批放液氮保存,检定合格后做下列试验：（１）复苏培养长满单层后更换维持液,其细胞能维持４天以上,克服了常规消化培养细胞维持时间短（３６小时）的缺陷。（２）传代１４－２株病毒时,１代病毒的滴度即达６．０４－６．２４ＬｏｇＰＦＵ／ｍｌ,１代后的各代（至１１代）病毒滴度无明显提高。（３）该细胞接种１４－２株病毒时不产生明显的破坏性病变（ＣＰＥ）,在收毒前采取冻溶１次比冻溶前的病毒滴度提高０．２７－０．５ＬｏｇＰＦＵ／ｍｌ。以ＢＤＫ细胞传１代的１４－２株病毒作生产毒种,收毒前冻溶１次等工艺法制备五批疫苗,全面检定结果均符合《乙脑活疫苗规程》的质量标准。其中病毒滴度为６．０９－６．２４ＬｏｇＰＦＵ／ｍｌ;免疫效价（ＩＤ５０＝ｍｌ）为１．９－４．０×１０－５,与相同滴度的原毒株１４－２ＰＨＫ苗对照无明显差异（ｔ＝０．９６８Ｐ＞０．０５）,表明其免疫原性与原毒株相似。     

羟基脲促进HFL细胞分化机制的研究

以往研究表明,用羟基脲诱导人红白血病细胞（ＨＥＬｃｅｌｌ）后,能促进成年型β－珠蛋白基因表达,使ＨＥＬ细胞趋向终末分化,本文试图进一步揭示羟基脲诱导ＨＥＬ细胞分化的分子机制,ＧＭＳＡ与Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析结果显示,随着羟基脲诱导ＨＥＬ细胞时间延长,细胞核内的ＧＡＴＡ－１转录因子的含量增加,它与β－珠蛋白基因５旁侧ＤＮＡ序列内一个正调控序列（ＰＣＲ：－２２３～－１９４ｂｐ）以及人工合成的ＧＡＴＡ／     

解脲脲原体生物学特性的研究

本文研究了4株解脲脲原体的生物学特性,发现解脲脲原体在不含血清的液体培养基中加有青霉素3.1×10³—1.2×10⁴u/ml即可生长2—4代;在半固体培养基培养时,除指示剂变色外无肉眼可见生长现象。解脲脲原体不同株对醋酸铊敏感性不一,当浓度<0.1mg/ml时,无抑制生长作用。     

淋球菌的营养分型及质粒的生态分布

淋球菌营养型及质粒类型是其重要的生物表型。我们对９３￣９４年度在长春地区分离的９８株淋球菌,进行了营养型分布,质粒微生态分布的实验研究,结果,属于原养型（Ｗｒ）３８株,占３８．７％;ＡＨＵ＾－型３４株,占３４．７％;Ｐｒｏ＾－型１７株,占１７．４％;Ｓｅｒ＾－型６株,占６．１２％;Ｉｌｅ＾－型３株,占３．１％,未见ＰＡＶ＾－型。所有菌株中,共检出四种类型的质粒,其分子量分别为２．６Ｍｄ,４．５Ｍｄ     

双拷贝固氮结瘤基因的大豆根瘤菌R.fredii基因工程菌的耐…

用热处理消除了快生型大豆根瘤菌Ｒ．ｆｒｅｄｉｉＵＳＤＡ１９４的非共生质粒,获得了突变株Ｈｏ４,以Ｈｃ４为受体菌,以Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＨＢ１０１Ｅｃ８３（ＰＬＡＦＲＩ．ｎｏｄｎｉｆ）为供体菌,Ｅ．ＣｏｌｉＰＲＫ２０１３为助体,进行三亲本杂交,得到双重ｎｏｄｎｉｆ基因拷贝的杂合子Ｈｃ４－８。用它们完成共生固氮结瘤试验,结果表明,在初花期Ｈｃ４的固氮酶活性比出发株ＵＳＤＡ１９搞７５．７％Ｈｃ４－８比ＵＳＤＡ１     

溶脲脲原体对胎儿发育影响的研究

对７７例住院初产妇羊水进行溶脲脲原体（ｕｕ）检查,结果１５例早产,５例ｕｕ阳性,阳性率３３３％;８例新生儿低体重,２例ｕｕ阳性,阳性率２５％;死胎２例,１例ｕｕ阳性。胎儿正常者５２例,２例ｕｕ阳性。结果显示溶脲脲原体感染可影响胎儿发育,应对孕妇及早检查与诊治     

Serological Examination of Some Strains That Are in the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum Complex But Do Not Belong to Schaefer''s Serotypes

One hundred strains belonging to the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex but not agglutinating with antisera type-specific for Schaefer's 23 MAIS serotypes were examined using antisera against seven other such strains. Four of the 100 strains were found to be of the same serotype as one of the 7 against which antisera were prepared; 4 other strains were of the same serotype as another of those against which antisera were prepared. Although the strains against which antisera were prepared were serologically distinct from each other, no strains serologically identical to 5 of them were found. This suggests that numerous serotypes might have to be defined if strains such as those examined are to be assigned to their respective serotypes.     

Serological Examination of Some Strains That Are in the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum Complex But Do Not Belong to Schaefer's Serotypes

One hundred strains belonging to the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (MAIS) complex but not agglutinating with antisera type-specific for Schaefer''s 23 MAIS serotypes were examined using antisera against seven other such strains. Four of the 100 strains were found to be of the same serotype as one of the 7 against which antisera were prepared; 4 other strains were of the same serotype as another of those against which antisera were prepared. Although the strains against which antisera were prepared were serologically distinct from each other, no strains serologically identical to 5 of them were found. This suggests that numerous serotypes might have to be defined if strains such as those examined are to be assigned to their respective serotypes.     

Naturally occurring Bacillus thuringiensis in Indonesia

S. HASTOWO, B.W. LAY AND M. OHBA. 1992. A total of 135 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from soils of sericultural and natural environments of various regions in Indonesia: Sumatra, Java, Bali, Timor, Sulawesi and Kalimantan. Serologically, 63 strains were assigned to flagella (H) serotypes 3abc, 3ade, 4ac, 5ac, 6ab, 8ab, 9, 11, 17, 20ac, and 24, indicating a varied flora of B. thuringiensis in Indonesia. Of these, the serotype 3ade predominated, followed by the serotypes 3abc and 6ab. The other 72 strains (53·3%) were not sero-reactive against any of the H antisera to B. thuringiensis H serotypes 1–24. In toxicity tests, 34 strains belonging to serotypes 3abc, 3ade, 4ac, and 8ab showed larvicidal activity to the silkworm, Bombyx mori, while 74·8% did not exhibit insecticidal activity against larvae of B. mori and the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Morphotypes of parasporal inclusions were not correlated with insecticidal activities.     

Development of an O-antigen serotyping scheme for Cronobacter sakazakii

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe infections. Serotyping provides a basis for the categorization of bacterial strains and is an important tool for epidemiological and surveillance purposes. In this study, of the 135 Cronobacter strains tested initially, 119 were identified as C. sakazakii and used. A serotyping scheme for C. sakazakii that classifies strains based on their different O antigens was developed. Seven antisera that exhibited high agglutinin titers (>640) were produced. O2 and O6 antisera were specific for their homologous strains, O4 and O7 antisera gave heterologous titers with O1 and O6 antigens, respectively, and O1, O3, and O5 antisera cross-reacted with each other and require preabsorption with the other two antigens. All of these 119 C. sakazakii strains were clearly assigned to these seven serotypes. O1 and O2 are the dominant serotypes, comprising 69.7% of the isolates. We also characterized the O-antigen gene clusters using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The grouping of C. sakazakii strains based on their RFLP banding patterns correlated well with the grouping of strains based on our serotyping scheme. The serotype scheme presented here could prove to be a useful tool for serotyping C. sakazakii isolates.     

Diversity of serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated in laboratory animals

One hundred nineteen isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from nine laboratory animal species were serotyped using antisera to 20 Penner serotypes commonly isolated from cases of human enteric infections. Although C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated from laboratory animals with diarrhea, the majority were cultured from asymptomatic animals (81%). Seven of twenty-two isolates from animals with diarrhea were serotype 4 (32%) and three were serotype 1 (14%). Sixty-one of the 119 isolates (51%) were typeable using the 20 Penner antisera indicating that many of the isolates obtained from 29 nonhuman primates (five species), 20 ferrets, 7 hamsters, 15 cats and 48 dogs are serotypes commonly associated with human enteritis. Among typeable strains, 13 different serotypes were identified. Two particular serotypes, 4 and 19 were isolated from several species of animals and comprised 24% of the isolates studied. Since asymptomatic laboratory animals of several different species harbor serotypes of C. jejuni and C. coli that are potentially pathogenic to man, appropriate precautions should be instituted to minimize exposure of personnel to the organisms in laboratory animal feces. If suspected cases of zoonotic-related enteric campylobacteriosis involving laboratory animals do occur, serotyping of isolates would be a useful epidemiologic marker in studying the outbreak.     

Biofilm formation,antibiotic susceptibility and RAPD genotypes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> clinical strains isolated from single centre intensive care unit patients

The aim of this study was to analyse genotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and serotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains, including the clonal dissemination of particular strains throughout various intensive care units in one medical centre. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD–PCR) and P. aeruginosa antisera, 22 different genotypes and 8 serotypes were defined among 103 isolates from 48 patients. No direct association between P. aeruginosa strain genotypes and serotypes was observed. RAPD typing in strains with the same serotype revealed different genotypes and, on the contrary, most strains with a different serotype displayed the same amplification pattern. The resulting banding patterns showed a high degree of genetic heterogeneity among all isolates from the patients examined, suggesting a non-clonal relationship between isolates from these patients. A higher degree of antibiotic resistance and stronger biofilm production in common genotypes compared to rare ones and genetic homogeneity of the most resistant strains indicated the role of antibiotic pressure in acquiring resistant and more virulent strains in our hospital. In conclusion, genetic characterisation of P. aeruginosa strains using RAPD method was shown to be more accurate in epidemiological analyses than phenotyping.     

Campylobacter jejuni/coli in commercially reared beagles: prevalence and serotypes

A 5 year longitudinal study involving 187 commercially reared beagles from three suppliers was undertaken to determine prevalence and serotypes of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli. Campylobacter jejuni or C. coli was isolated from the feces in 62 of 177 asymptomatic beagles and 8 of 10 dogs with diarrhea for an overall prevalence of 37%. A total of 36 isolates were serotyped on the basis of thermostable antigens with 20 antisera prepared against frequently occurring serotypes isolated from humans with campylobacter associated enteritis (15 C. jejuni, 5 C. coli serotypes). Of these isolates, 17 (47%) serotyped with antisera to 7 C. jejuni serotypes frequently isolated in human cases of enteric campylobacteriosis (serotypes 1, 4, 10, 16, 18, 19, 37). One C. coli reacted to antisera 24, 34, 37, one strain of C. coli to antisera type 37, and another C. coli to antisera type 34. All three C. coli belonged to serotypes frequently encountered in diarrheic human patients.     

Serological properties of Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species (nutritionally variant streptococci)

Serological variations were examined among 12 type or reference strains and 91 oral isolates of vitamin B6-dependent Abiotrophia and Granulicatella spp. Rabbits were immunized with whole cells of 12 selected strains and 10 typing antisera were obtained, which were unreactive with the Lancefield group A to G antigen preparations. The reactivity of the antisera and autoclaved cell surface antigen extracts was tested by double diffusion in agar gel and a capillary precipitin test. These typing antisera categorized all Abiotrophia defectiva strains, all except one Granulicatella elegans strain, three-quarters of the Granulicatella adiacens, and half of the Granulicatella paraadiacens into 8 serotypes and 2 subserotypes. The Granulicatella balaenopterae type strain was unserotypable. All A. defectiva strains were serotype I, some of which were divided into subserotype I-1 and/or I-5. The G. adiacens strains generally belonged to serotype II or III, and the G. paraadiacens strains to serotype IV, V or VI. All G. adiacens or G. paraadiacens serotype II strains were also subserotype I-5. The G. elegans strains were serotype VII or VIII. These Abiotrophia and Granulicatella serotypes were undetectable among 33 strains of the other 11 species including the bacteriolytic enzyme-producing but vitamin B6-independent strains of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Dolosigranulum and Aerococcus. The proposed serotyping system for Abiotrophia and Granulicatella spp. would be helpful in the identification and classification of these unique coccal isolates in ecological and epidemiological studies.     

Synthetic peptides derived from the Listeria monocytogenes p60 protein as antigens for the generation of polyclonal antibodies specific for secreted cell-free L. monocytogenes p60 proteins.

All species of the genus Listeria secrete a major extracellular protein called p60. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of all listerial p60 proteins previously indicated there were only a few regions which were unique to the pathogenic, food-borne species Listeria monocytogenes. Two of these p60 regions were chosen for the development of antibodies specific for the facultative intracellular species L. monocytogenes. Initially, these regions were characterized via epitope mapping, and this led to the development of two different synthetic peptides. Rabbits immunized with these synthetic peptides generated polyclonal antibodies that were then used in Western blot (immunoblot) analyses. Antiserum against peptide A (PepA) recognized the p60 protein in the supernatants collected from most L. monocytogenes serotypes except for several strains belonging to serotypes 4a and 4c. No p60-related protein was detected in the supernatants from other Listeria species with this anti-PepA antiserum. Antibodies raised against peptide D (PepD) reacted with p60 from all L. monocytogenes serotypes, including all 4a and 4c strains that were tested, and also showed no cross-reactivity with supernatant proteins from other Listeria species. Both antisera also detected p60 in supernatants of a large number of environmental isolates of L. monocytogenes. Besides Western blot analyses, these antisera to PepA and PepD reacted with secreted p60 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indicating recognition of the native antigen in addition to the denatured form. These data suggest that synthetic peptides derived from the variable region of the L. monocytogenes p60 protein may be useful for the development of an immunological diagnostic assay.     

Serotype-specific epitope(s) present on the VP8 subunit of rotavirus VP4 protein.

cDNA clones representing the VP8 and VP5 subunits of VP4 of symptomatic human rotavirus strain KU (VP7 serotype 1 and VP4 serotype 1A) or DS-1 (VP7 serotype 2 and VP4 serotype 1B) or asymptomatic human rotavirus strain 1076 (VP7 serotype 2 and VP4 serotype 2) were constructed and inserted into the pGEMEX-1 plasmid and expressed in Escherichia coli. Immunization of guinea pigs with the VP8 or VP5 protein of each strain induced antibodies that neutralized the rotavirus from which the VP4 subunits were derived. In a previous study (M. Gorziglia, G. Larralde, A.Z. Kapikian, and R. M. Chanock, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:7155-7159, 1990), three distinct serotypes and one subtype of VP4 outer capsid protein were identified among 17 human rotavirus strains that had previously been assigned to five distinct VP7 serotypes. The results obtained by cross-immunoprecipitation and by neutralization assay with antisera to the VP8- and VP5-expressed proteins suggest that the VP8 subunit of VP4 contains the major antigenic site(s) responsible for serotype-specific neutralization of rotavirus via VP4, whereas the VP5 subunit of VP4 is responsible for much of the cross-reactivity observed among strains that belong to different VP4 serotypes.