Functional and morphological basis for the nature of the microcirculatory bed reactions of the bulbar conjunctiva in experimental occlusion of the cranial mesenteric artery

A complex analysis on changes occurring in conjunctival microcirculation and a number of indices of hemodynamics, hemorheology and metabolism at different time of experimental occlusion in the cranial mesenteric artery has demonstrated certain objective and many-sided correlations that prove a systemic character of biomicroscopical changes in the conjunctiva. The degree of changes in the conjunctival microcirculation depends on duration of occlusion. After a 3 hours' occlusion revascularization is accompanied by reversible general microcirculatory disorders that are registered in bulboconjunctiva. In a 6 and 12 hours' occlusion revascularization is characterized by increasing general changes in microcirculation.     

Effect of lead and tetraethyl lead poisoning on the microcirculatory bed of the conjunctiva of the eye

The ultrastructure of the bulbar conjunctiva bioptates have been studied in 12 persons suffering from lead intoxication (saturnism), 2-from tetraethyl-lead (TEL) intoxication and 3-are practically healthy persons; they make the control group. In all the patients manifested disturbances in the microcirculatory bed of the bulbar conjunctiva are revealed, the general character being identical at saturnism and TEL-intoxication. The main changes are observed in the wall of the blood microvessels: destruction of the endothelial lining up to revealing the basal membrane with adhesion of the blood formed elements and their diapedesis. This results in disorders of vascular permeability, in edema of the perivascular space and in appearance of cells and cellular detritus in it. An essential role in morphogenesis of the vascular disturbances produced by intoxication play certain rheological imparements: sludge-syndrome and microthrombosis. They produce certain distrophic changes.     

Sources of the blood supply to the human bulbar conjunctiva

In 93 complex preparations of the human orbit, the sources for blood supply of the eyeball conjunctiva, types of orbital vessels, including size of their diameters, were studied. The open parts of the conjunctiva were stated to get arteries of greater diameters comparing to those supplying the subconjunctival parts. It was noted that some sources of blood supply take their origin from the external carotid artery. This fact should be taken into account when choosing the part for biomicroscopy of the eyeball conjunctiva vessels.     

The microcirculatory bed of the human heart

Using a complex approach in studying microcirculatory bed of the human heart, possibilities of scanning electron microscopy of corrosive preparations, those of silver nitrate impregnation after V. V. Kuprianov are demonstrated. The silver nitrate impregnation makes it possible to study the wall structure of the microcirculatory pathways, to analyse arrangement of nuclei in the endothelial and muscle cells of the microcirculatory links, to reveal together with the vessels the surrounding tissues. Scanograms of the corrosive preparations of the arterioles demonstrate "circulatory strips", that are absent in the venular part. The relief of the luminal casts of the microcirculatory bed vessels in the human heart is presented as impresses of nuclei of the endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Peculiarities in form and distribution of these nuclei in various links of the microbed are demonstrated.     

Development of the uterine microcirculatory bed in postnatal ontogeny

Age peculiarities of common structure of the microcirculatory pathways, specific volumes and amount of microvessels, zonal parameters of pericapillary microcirculation of metabolites, glycosamine glycans and glycoproteins contents, phosphatase and ATPase activity, collagen and elastic fibers of the microcirculatory bed vessels have been studied in 190 unchanged uteri, beginning from 36-week-old fetuses up to 35 years of age. The microcirculatory bed of myometrium during the period of postnatal ontogenesis investigated possesses a polymer-homonomous structural organization; its base make myoangiomas, including the terminal arteriole with precapillaries and collecting venule, that run from it. Similar structure of the myometrium microcirculatory pathways is already observed in fetuses of late antenatal period. In endometrium formed glanduloangionomas are revealed in the prepubertal age. Increase in glycosamine glycans contents is stated in the microvessel walls and in the uterine stroma during the process of its development. Compensatory-adaptive changes in the uterine microcirculatory bed are described during the newborn period up to the puberty. Functionally mature structures of the microcirculatory pathways in the submucosal and vascular layers of myometrium, endometrium and in the cervix uteri are found to be formed earlier than in other areas of the organ.     

Structure and function of the microcirculatory bed in the preserved heart]

The morphological analysis of the state of the heart during hypertermal perfusion with different conservants reveals clear dependence of the microcirculation and the activity of the heart upon the type of the conservant. Perfusion with a salt solution and hemodilution is accompanied by pronounced disorders in microcirculation and unsatisfactory parameters of the cardiac activity. Conservation with cryoprecipitated plasma is characterized by comparatively less microcirculatory disorders, but fails to give a reliable safety of the heart. When using medium 199, changes in microcirculation were found to be minimal and parameters of cardiac activity were satisfactory. In the complex of non-specific changes in microcirculatory vessels the maximum structural lability was revealed in blood capillaries and vessels of the postcapillary-venular link.     

Organ and tissue-specific properties of the microcirculatory bed of the heart

The auricular and ventricular microcirculatory bed has been studied in persons of mature age, not suffering from any cardio-vascular diseases during their life. As a whole, 48 objects have been studied. The microcirculatory bed has been revealed in sections of the cardiac wall 70-100 mcm thick using silver nitrate impregnation after V. V. Kuprianov. Organ- and tissue-specific properties of the vascular microcirculatory bed are revealed in interrelations of the vessels and the structural elements of the cardiac wall (myocardium, and connective tissue structures), in position of nuclei of the endothelial cells of the capillary wall and in places of the capillary branchings. Principle differences in structure of the auricular and ventricular microcirculatory bed are demonstrated. The notion the organ- and tissue-specific properties of the microcirculatory bed vessels is discussed.     

Organ blood flow and vessels of microcirculatory bed in fish

Information on density of fish capillary network and its permeability, peculiarities of geometry, morphology, and ultrastructure of vessels of microcirculation bed—arterioles, venules, capillaries—is presented. A great attention is paid to vasomotor reactions and their participation in redistribution of blood. Nervous and humoral mechanisms of control of tone of the vessel smooth muscle wall and voluminous blood flow are considered. Effects of environmental factors on processes of microcirculation in fish are discussed.     

Features of the innervation of fascia and their microcirculatory bed in the rat

By means of silver impregnation, methylene blue staining and using glyoxylic acid, the neural apparatus of the muscle fasciae in the shoulder girdle and back and their microcirculatory bed have been revealed in laboratory white rats. An uneven concentration of neuronal terminals makes the base of neurotissue interactions of the muscle fasciae of the shoulder girdle and the back of the rats. Only a small part of microvessels possesses neural elements. The fasciae and their microvessels are innervated both by sensitive and sympathetic neural fibers and their endings; they differ from each other morphologically and histochemically. The rat fasciae are useful objects for vital observations for behaviour both of the vascular nerves and the avascular areas.     

Ultrastructural changes in the microcirculatory bed of the lungs in endotoxin shock

The electron microscopic study of the lungs during the initial and intermediate stages of endotoxin shock has revealed the manifestations of thrombo-hemorrhagic syndrome. Three days later interstitial fibrosis developed. Ultrastructural alterations of microcirculation become the basis for the formation of acute pulmonary failure.     

Study of endothelium-dependent blood oscillations in the human skin microcirculatory bed

Cutaneous microcirculation parameters were studied with laser Doppler flowmetry in healthy volunteers. To investigate endothelial-dependent peripheral blood flow oscillations the iontophoresis of 1% acetylcholine solution was carried out. To estimate the contribution of rhythmical components in blood flow signal the continuous wavelet-transform spectral analysis was used. To reveal correlation between microcirculation parameters under study the correlation analysis was used. The microcirculation index was shown to be the factor producing cross-correlation dependences. The only positive significant correlation between the blood flow oscillation amplitude in the range of endothelial activity normalized to mean microcirculation index at rest and maximal microcirculation index during the iontophoresis of acetylcholine was revealed.     

Venous stasis and state of the microcirculatory bed in the synovial membranes]

Microcirculatory bed of the synovial membranes was investigated in experiments on dogs during venous stasis. Ligation of the femoral vein and circulatory disturbances led to the alteration of the microcirculatory bed of the synovial membranes, to the overfilling of the venules. Capillary walls became thinner and there developed swellings and protrusions. The extent of the vascular wall changes depended on the calibre of the vessels. One month after the ligation of the vein congestive phenomena in the tissue of the joint capsule proved to decline. This indicated development of collateral venous circulation.