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1.
Antonella Bertazzo Carlo Costa Monica Biasiolo Graziella Allegri Girolamo Cirrincione Giuseppe Presti 《Biological trace element research》1996,52(1):37-53
The Cu and Zn levels of both 607 men (1–85 y old) and 649 women (1–92 y old) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Sex does not influence Cu (14.89±0.89 μg/g and 15.26±0.79 μg/g hair for males and females, respectively) and Zn contents (200.97±9.68
μg/g for men and 209.81±9.49 μg/g hair for women). Age influences Cu and Zn concentrations, but only significantly in females:
Cu levels decrease over 60 y of age; whereas Zn levels increase significantly from age groups 2–5 to 20–40 years. Hair color
influences Cu concentrations in both males and females. In males, white hair containes less Cu than black hair; in females,
white hair's Cu levels are significantly lower than those of dark blond, red, light brown, and brown hair. There are no significant
differences in Zn concentrations with respect to different hair colors, in either males or females. 相似文献
2.
Mohan G Kulshreshtha S Dayal R Singh M Sharma P 《Biological trace element research》2007,118(2):184-190
Tuberculosis is a global problem especially in children, more so because of the difficulty in the diagnosis of the disease.
There are about 0.5 million deaths every year by this disease, worldwide. There are some reports that, during the disease,
there are changes in serum concentrations of zinc and copper, which reach towards normal levels during treatment. Such data
for children are scarce, especially in reference to India. Our study indicates that there is an insignificant to significant
rise in serum zinc levels in various age groups of children after antitubercular therapy (mean 61.89 ± 3.21 to 65.24 ± 3.60 μg/dl)
and significant fall in serum copper levels in different age groups of children (mean 129.96 ± 3.18 to 124.91 ± 3.48 μg/dl).
The Cu/Zn ratio also changed significantly from 2.11 ± 0.12 to 1.92 ± 0.12. Because evaluation of available diagnostic criteria
for primary complex in children has been found to have high sensitivity, and although this criterion is presently not recommended
for diagnosis of primary complex of children, further research can prove its utility in diagnosis and treatment of this disease. 相似文献
3.
Feridun Kosar Ibrahim Sahin Nusret Acikgöz Yuksek Aksoy Zehra Kucukbay Sengul Cehreli 《Biological trace element research》2005,107(1):1-9
It is known that certain trace elements can affect various heart diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the changes
in concentrations of certain serum trace elements in patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Serum analysis of
selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) trace elements was assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RHD patients
had significantly lower serum concentrations of Se and Zn than control subjects (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). However, the serum Cu concentration was significantly higher in RHD patients than in controls (1.93±0.59
μg/L vs 1.06±0.29 μg/L; p<0.001). Similarly, the Cu/Zn ratio in RHD patients was higher than in control subjects (4.70±0.92 vs 1.68±0.45; p<0.001). Additionally, no significant correlation was found among these trace element concentrations and the functional capacity
classes (p>0.05). RHD patients had decreased serum Se and Zn element concentrations and increased serum Cu element concentration. We
suggest that Se and Zn deficiency might be contributory factors in the development of rheumatic heart disease, and a high
Cu concentration and a high Cu/Zn ratio might reflect an ongoing inflammatory process in this disease. 相似文献
4.
Marie J. Richard Veronique Ducros Michel Rorêt Josiane Arnaud Charles Coudray Michèle Fusselier Alain Favier 《Biological trace element research》1993,39(2-3):149-159
In six chronic dialyzed uremic patients, an intravenous sodium selenite (Se 50 μg during 5 wk and then 100 μg) and zinc gluconate
(Zn 5 mg) supplementation was performed during 20 wk at each dialysis session three times weekly. Before supplementation,
plasma Se and Zn, plasma and erythrocytes (RBC) antioxidant metalloenzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase
(SOD) were significantly decreased, whereas lipid peroxidation (as thiobarbituric acid reactants TBARs) was increased. To
obtain a significative change in plasma selenium, we had to use an Se dose of 100 μg/dialysis session. Then, treatment-increased
plasma Se (from 0.58 ±0.09 to 0.89±0.16 μmol/L) led to a repletion of RBC-GPX (from 29.6±6 to 43±5.8 U/g Hb) and increased
plasma GPX levels (from 62±13 to 151±43 U/L). Plasma Zn and RBC-SOD did not vary significantly. The change of TBARs was not
observed between wk 1 and 4. They decreased significantly between wk 4 (4.80±0.21μmol/L) and wk 20 (4.16±0.26 μmol/L). We
noted a low correlation between TBARs and plasma GPX. A strong correlation was observed between Se and plasma GPX. The reversal
of Se deficiencies should reduce oxidative damage observed in these patients. 相似文献
5.
Arvanitidou V Voskaki I Tripsianis G Athanasopoulou H Tsalkidis A Filippidis S Schulpis K Androulakis I 《Biological trace element research》2007,115(1):1-12
Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential trace elements in people, being required for functional activity of several enzyme
systems. In this study, we determined Cu and Zn concentrations in the serum of 105 healthy children randomly selected, aged
3–14 yr, residing in a region of Greece (Thrace), and we investigated their association with children's gender, age, height,
weight, and nutritional habits. The mean levels of Zn and Cu were 15.01±2.95 μmol/L and 26.18±5.47 μmol/L, respectively, with
no significant difference between boys and girls. A significant positive correlation was found between age and Zn levels,
and a negative one was found between age and Cu levels. Both Zn and Cu levels tended to increase with height, whereas Zn levels
significantly decreased with increasing body mass indent (BMI). The consumption of meat, milk, and eggs were independent determinants
for higher Zn levels, and the consumption of legumes and fruits were independent determinants for higher Cu levels. A significant
negative correlation was found between Zn and Cu levels. In conclusion, our study, the first one evaluating the serum status
of Cu and Zn in healthy Greek children, identified significant correlations of Zn and Cu levels with their age, height, BMI,
and nutritional habits. 相似文献
6.
Postpartum scalp hair samples from 82 term-pregnancy mother/neonate pairs were analyzed for their concentration of zinc (Zn),
copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Maternal and neonatal Zn concentrations
had geometric means (and 99% confidence intervals) of 122.5 μg/g (117.9–131.5 μg/g) and 146.9 μg (141.5–156.7 μg/g) respectively.
Corresponding Cu values were 18.4 μg/g (17.6–23.8 μg/g) and 6.7 μg/g (6.3–7.6 μg/g). Those of Cd were 0.49 μg/g (0.47–0.69
μg/g) in the mothers and 0.57 μg/g (0.55–0.86 μg/g) in the neonates. For Pb, they were 7.95 μg/g (7.60–9.32 μg/g) and 4.56
μg/g (4.39–5.56 μg/g). Cigaret smoking, despite its relatively low prevalence (19.5%), was associated with lower Zn and higher
Cd and Pb concentrations and in lower Zn/Cd and Zn/Pb molar concentration ratios. Smoking also altered interelemental relationships,
particularly those of Zn with Cd and Pb and those between Cd and Pb. Smoking frequency appeared to show negative dose-response
effects on maternal and neonatal Zn concentrations, Zn/Pb molar concentration ratios, and birth weight. Mothers with a history
of oral contraceptive (OC) usage had significantly higher Cu concentrations and lower Zn/Cu molar concentration ratios than
nonusers, with the highest Cu concentrations and lowest Zn/Cu values being associated with third-generation OCs. No similar
effects were elicited in the respective neonatal Cu concentrations. Neither alcohol consumption nor prenatal supplementation
with iron and/or folic acid had discernible effects on the maternal or neonatal elemental concentrations. The data from this
study suggest that in a given population of term-pregnancy mothers and neonates, significant interindividual variations in
hair trace element concentrations can occur, irrespective of commonality of general environment, and that lifestyle factors,
including cigaret smoking and OC usage history, can be significant contributory factors to such variations. The data are discussed
in relation to the effects of smoking-associated exposure to Cd and Pb exposure on Zn availability for placental transfer,
as well as on the quantitative maternal Zn supply levels to the fetus resulting from the known tendency of smokers to have
lower dietary intakes of Zn. The higher Cu concentrations in OC users are discussed in relation to altered Cu metabolism,
characterized by increased synthesis of the Cu-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, as an acute-phase antioxidant response to altered
lipid profile and increased lipid oxidation. 相似文献
7.
Hong-qun Zhang Ning Li Zheng Zhang Shan Gao Hong-yin Yin Dong-mei Guo Xibao Gao 《Biological trace element research》2009,131(1):25-32
Sera of 890 healthy Jinan residents were chosen randomly, and the concentrations of serum Zn and Cu were detected by atomic
absorption spectrometry. The mean serum Zn and Cu concentrations and Zn/Cu were 1.32 ± 0.49 mg/l, 0.99 ± 0.26 mg/l, and 1.41 ± 0.56,
respectively. Significantly higher levels of serum Zn and Zn/Cu but lower serum Cu were found in the men. Descending tendency
of serum Zn and Zn/Cu was observed with social-economic status and age but not significant. Alcohol consumption produced higher
level of serum Zn and Zn/Cu but lower Cu concentration. Smoking caused significant lower level in serum Cu concentration but
no significance in serum Zn and Zn/Cu. Serum Zn and Zn/Cu were normal only when hours of sleep a night were kept within 7–9 h.
Higher level of serum Zn and Cu concentrations and Zn/Cu were observed in individuals with regular physical exercise, but
still no significant difference existed. No clear relationship between educational levels with serum Zn and Cu concentrations
and Zn/Cu was observed. 相似文献
8.
Deficiencies in Cu, Se, and Zn impair one or more biochemical functions, and excess are associated with toxicity. Baseline
studies on the Ghanaian population are scanty. The study was undertaken to determine whether significant rural/urban differences
in the serum levels of Cu, Se, and Zn did exist. Forty males/60 females from rural and 50 males/50 females from urban Ghanaian
communities were sampled. Serum Cu, Se, and Zn were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Cu level for rural
and urban subjects was 997 ± 333 and 979 ± 290 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.68). However, Cu levels were significantly higher in the rural females (1,063 ± 367 μg/L) than the rural males (898 ± 249 μg/L;
p = 0.0085). Se levels for rural/urban subjects were 97 ± 36 and 87 ± 31 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.03). Zn levels in the rural/urban subjects were 312 ± 218 and 150 ± 102 μg/L, respectively (p = 0.002). Additionally, Zn was significantly higher in rural females (428 ± 204 μg/L) than the urban females (166 ± 103 μg/L;
p = 0.0002). Finally, Zn was significantly higher in rural females (428 ± 204 μg/L) than males (172 ± 116 μg/L; p = 0.0028). In conclusion, Cu, Se, and Zn were higher in the rural group compared to the urban group, and the generally low
Zn levels were confirmed in another cohort follow-up study. 相似文献
9.
F. Martín-Lagos M. Navarro-Alarcón C. Terrés-Martos H. López-García de la Serrana V. Pérez-Valero M. C. López-Martínez 《Biological trace element research》1998,61(1):61-70
A cross-sectional study of serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) levels in 31 healthy pregnant women and 51 healthy, nonpregnant
controls living in the Mediterranean area of Granada, Spain, was performed. The subjects were divided into two groups: Group
A, consisted of pregnant women in three categories according to the trimester of pregnancy, and Group B consisted of nonpregnant
women acting as controls.
In pregnant women, serum Zn levels were found from 0.300-1.340 mg/L and serum Cu from 0.936-2.304 mg/L, whereas in the nonpregnant
women group, the mean serum levels were 0.947 ±0.265 mg/L for Zn and 1.092 ±0.365 mg/L for Cu. Serum Zn progressively decreased
with gestation. Mean Zn levels were 0.829 ±0.253, 0.846 ±0.329, and 0.620 ±0.142 mg/L, corresponding to the first, second,
and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively.
Serum Zn concentrations were significantly lower in pregnant women as compared to controls: 0.712 ±0.236 mg/L vs 0.947 ±0.265
mg/L, respectively (p < 0.05).
In contrast, Cu levels increased with period of gestation from 1.053 ±0.498 mg/L in the first trimester to 1.616 ±0.304 mg/L
in the second and 1.689 ±0.344 mg/L in the third. Serum Cu levels in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were significantly
higher (p < 0.05) than those determined during the first trimester and for nonpregnant controls. Both Zn and Cu during pregnancy did
not appear to be dependent on the subject’s age (p > 0.05). 相似文献
10.
Jaume Folch Arturo Ortega Maria Cabré José L. Paternáin 《Biological trace element research》1998,63(2):113-121
The monitoring of heavy metals is important if adverse effects on health are to be avoided. In humans, metallothionein (MT)
has been used as a biomonitor for the assessment of cadmium (Cd). In the present study, subjects drawn from the population
of Tarragona Province (NE Spain) were investigated. Urinary MT, zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) concentrations, corrected for creatine
concentrations, were determined in 625 samples from healthy subjects aged between 10 and 65 yr. Mean values of MT and Cu in
females were higher than those in males, with levels of 29.5 (23.8) vs. 22.7 (24.9) μg MT/creatinine (p<0.001) and 4.8 (6.1) vs 3.4 (4.9) μg Cu/g creatinine (p<0.001). No differences between males and females were observed with respect to urinary Zn: 78.0 (66.4) vs 73.0 (85.5) μg/g
creatinine, respectively (p=0.332). Significantly higher MT, Zn, and Cu values were observed in the females aged 15–19 yr and, in the age group of 50–54
yr, only in the Zn and Cu values, when compared with those in males. Significant positive correlations of MT vs Zn and Cu
as well as correlations of Zn vs Cu levels were observed in both genders. The present findings confirm the proposed role of
MT as a biomonitor of mineral status. 相似文献
11.
This study was conducted to determine effects of nitrogen supply (75 and 150 kg(N) ha−1) and CO2 enrichment on partitioning of macro and micro nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. HD-2285). Plants were grown from seedling emergence to maturity inside open top chambers under ambient CO2 (CA, 350 ± 50 μmol mol−1) and elevated CO2 (CE, 600 ± 50 μmol mol−1). Leaves, stems and roots of the same physiological age were analyzed for carbon, nitrogen, calcium, copper, iron, zinc and
manganese content at 40, 60 and 90 d after germination. C, Cu, Mn and Zn content was higher in the stem, leaves and roots
on dry mass basis under CE than CA. However, N and Fe contents decreased in CE grown plants. Ca content was unaffected due
to CE and variable N supplies.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Abdellatif Chakar Ridha Mokni Philip A. Walravens Philippe Chappuis Fanny Bleiberg-Daniel Jean-Louis Mahu Daniel Lemonnier 《Biological trace element research》1993,38(1):97-106
Plasma zinc, copper, and parameters of growth were measured in a group of 116 French preschool children, 2–5 yr-old from low-income
households. Participants were selected on the basis of Z-scores of weight for height (WHZ) and height for age (HAZ). Zinc
and copper concentrations of children with growth impairment (GI), defined by a WHZ and/or HAZ< −1 Z-score, were compared
to those of age, sex, and ethnic origin matched controls (WHZ and HAZ >−1 Z-score). Mean (±SD) plasma zinc concentration was
12.58±1.84 μmol/L in the GI group, and 13.27±1.98 μmol/L in the controls. The difference of the means of paired samples was
0.69±2.34, and by pairedt-test the significance reachedp=0.028. This effect was primarily a result of the weight retarded group (WHZ <−1 Z-score,p<0.009) and to the girls (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma copper concentrations between groups. These results suggest the presence
of marginal zinc deficiency in French preschool children with low weight for height Z-scores. 相似文献
13.
This article is based on data on the levels of metals (Cd, Zn, Cu) and metallothionein (MT) determined radiochemically with203Hg in renal cortex and liver of 137 autopsy cases. From this number, for 23 cases, the gel filtration of the cytoplasmic fraction
of the organs was performed.
The molar content of metals in the MT fraction (Sephadex G-50) amounted to 46.9, 50.2, and 2.0% for Cd, Zn, and Cu in renal
cortex, respectively, and to 8.3, 83.6, and 9.1% for Cd, Zn, and Cu in the liver, respectively. In parallel with the increase
of Cd and MT in renal cortex, increasing saturation was found of the MT fraction by Cd, occurring at the expense of Zn and
Cu. Equimolar amounts of Cd and Zn in the MT fraction are found at Cd level of 0.5 μmol Cd/g wet wt of renal cortex. In the
liver, analogous dependency (elevation of %Zn, depression of %Cd and %Cu) were observed in relation to Zn and MT levels in
this organ.
The basic level of Zn (not bound with MT) was estimated at 0.5 μmol/g for both renal cortex and liver. A deficit of non-MT
Zn in kidneys is proposed as an alternative mechanism of toxic Cd action. 相似文献
14.
Hee Y. Paik Hyojee Joung Joo Y. Lee Hong K. Lee Janet C. King Carl L. Keen 《Biological trace element research》1999,69(1):45-57
The present study focused on whether serum extracellular superoxide dimutase (EC-SOD) activity can be used as a functional
indicator of marginal zinc deficiency in humans. Subjects in this study were 444 healthy adults over 30 yr of age living a
normal rural life in Kyunggi province, Korea. The mean dietary zinc intake of subjects obtained from one 24-h recall was 6.41
± 4.35 mg and the average serum zinc concentration of the subjects was 11.06 ± 2.44 (μmol/L. Subjects were divided into three
groups by serum zinc concentrations: adequate (serum zinc >10.7 (μmol/L), low (serum zinc 9.0–10.7 μmol/L), and very low (serum
zinc <9.0 μmol/L) groups. A total of 50 subjects were selected from the three groups for analysis of EC-SOD activities. The
EC-SOD activity of subjects increased with increasing serum zinc concentrations, and the activities of the three groups were
significantly different as indicated by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.0239). Also, serum EC-SOD activities were significantly
correlated with serum zinc concentrations (r = 0.289,p = 0.04). Serum EC-SOD activities, however, were not significantly correlated to the dietary zinc intakes. In conclusion,
these results show that EC-SOD activities are decreased in subjects with low serum zinc concentrations and suggest that EC-SOD
activity may be a functional indicator of zinc nutritional status in humans. 相似文献
15.
The effectiveness and success of antitubercular therapy is mainly measured by identifying the organism in sputum. In certain
patients, especially in geriatric patients, available tuberculosis tests are not satisfactory and do not provide enough information
on the effectiveness of antitubercular therapy, as the symptoms might be confused with the existing symptoms of ongoing diseases.
Therefore, 60 diagnosed and randomly selected patients with tuberculosis were included into this study. The patients with
other associated diseases likely to influence serum copper and zinc were not included in the study. The estimations of serum
copper and zinc were done in healthy volunteers and in tubercular patients before the start of treatment and after 4 wk of
antitubercular treatment. The average plasma concentration of serum copper and zinc in healthy volunteers were 102±20 μg/dL
and 96±18 μg/dL respectively. In tuberculosis patients, serum copper and zinc levels were 123.65±9.98 μg/dL and 64.14±3.97
μg/dL, respectively, before the start of treatment, which came down to 116.23±4.27 μg/dL and 74.31±3.60 μg/dL, respectively,
after 4 wk of antitubercular treatment. 相似文献
16.
Tubek S 《Biological trace element research》2006,114(1-3):127-133
Increased or unchanged urinary zinc excretion has been reported in hypertension. In the present article, this observation
was confirmed in a group of 10 untreated hypertensive patients of both sexes that had no diabetes or obesity. The 24-h zinc
excretion was significantly different between the patients: 7.46±3.01 μmol and healthy controls: 5.19±2.19 μmol (p<0.025). After a 1-mo treatment with 4 mg perindopril per day, a decrease of urinary zinc was observed until it reached levels
not significantly different from those of the healthy controls (5.98±2.13 μmol). The decrease was significantly different
from that of the pretreatment values (p<0.05). 相似文献
17.
Yolk-sac fry of brown trout were exposed to three levels of single trace metals (Cu, 20,40,80 nmol 1-1 ; Pb, 12·5,25,50 nmol 1-1 ; Zn, 75,150,300 nmol 1-1 ) typical of concentrations reported for acid soft waters, in flowing, artificial, soft water media maintained at pH 4·5 and [Ca] of 20 or 200 μmol 1-1 for 30 days.
Mortalities were high in fry subjected to all levels of the three trace metals at [Ca] 20 μmol 1-1 , with 80% of the total deaths occurring between days 11 and 15 of the experiment. 25% mortality occurred at low [Ca] and pH 4·5 in the absence of trace metals, with only one death recorded at [Ca] 200 μmol1-1 '(Cu, 80 nmol 1-1 ). At high [Ca] all three levels of Cu and Pb impaired net Na and K uptake; Cu was the only metal to reduce the uptake of Ca. The Zn treatments had no significant effect on mineral uptake. Calcification of centra was reduced by all three Cu treatments at [Ca] 200 μmol 1-1 . The lowest Zn concentration (75 nmol 1-1 ) was the only other treatment to impair skeletal development. In the absence of trace metals, low [Ca] significantly reduced Ca, Na and K uptake, skeletal calcification and dry mass at pH 4·5.
The deleterious effects of low Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations at low pH and low [Ca], and the ameliorative effect of higher ambient [Ca], are discussed in relation to fishery status in soft, acid waters. 相似文献
Mortalities were high in fry subjected to all levels of the three trace metals at [Ca] 20 μmol 1
The deleterious effects of low Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations at low pH and low [Ca], and the ameliorative effect of higher ambient [Ca], are discussed in relation to fishery status in soft, acid waters. 相似文献
18.
Jerome Honnorat Michele Accominotti Christiane Broussolle Andree-Carole Fleuret Jean-Jacques Vallon Jacques Orgiazzi 《Biological trace element research》1992,32(1-3):311-316
Zinc status was assessed in 53 diabetic patients: 18 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (IDDM), 22 noninsulin-dependent diabetic
patients (NIDDM) treated with oral antidiabetic agents, and 13 insulin-treated, noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients (IRDM).
Plasma zinc concentrations were in the usual range for healthy subjects in these three groups (15.3±0.9 μmol/L). Urinary zinc
excretions were elevated in the IDDM group (18.3±4.1 μmol/24 h;p<0.01 vs normal) and in the NIDDM group (17.5±3.5 μmol/24 h;p<0.01 vs normal), but normal in the IRDM group (11.3±2.4 μmol/24 h). In 14 NIDDM patients treated with transient continuous
sc insulin injections, urinary zinc decreased from 16.5±2.2 μmol/24 h before insulin treatment to 11.5±0.3 μmol/24 h after
insulin treatment without any modification in plasma zinc concentrations. 相似文献
19.
Aydin Ece Bekir Sami Uyamik Akin IŞcan Pelin Ertan M. Ramazan Yiğitolu 《Biological trace element research》1997,59(1-3):31-39
In order to evaluate serum copper and zinc status in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), 60 children with IDA aged
1–14 yr and 64 healthy children as controls aged 1–14 yr were included the study. Serum copper levels were higher in children
with IDA (189 ± 49 (Μg/dL) than those of controls (163 ± 37 Μg/dL) (p = 0.001). Serum zinc levels were lower in the patient group (109 ± 59 Μg/dL) than those of control subjects (135 ± 56 Μg/dL)
(p = 0.017). In addition, there were statistically significant negative correlations between hematological parameters and serum
copper levels in the patient group, but not in controls. No correlation between hematological parameters and serum zinc levels
were found in both patient and control groups, except positive correlation between mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and serum
zinc level in patients.
It was concluded that at the time of managing children with IDA, zinc deficiency must be borne in mind and if necessary treatment
should be initiated with zinc. 相似文献
20.
Plasma molybdenum concentrations were determined in children, ages two to 12 yr, with and without phenylketonuria (PKU). Mean
plasma molybdenum concentrations did not differ significantly between the children with PKU (1.33±0.5 μg/L) and without PKU
(1.75±0.8 μg/L). Plasma molybdenum concentrations in both groups of children ranged from <1 to 3 μg/L.
When data from all children were combined and then separated based on gender, mean plasma molybdenum levels did not differ
significantly between 9 females (1.56±0.68 μg/L) and 12 males (1.58±0.76 μg/L). Data were also combined and mean (±SD) plasma
molybdenum concentrations calculated for age groups. Two children aged 1 to <4 yr had plasma molybdenum concentrations of
1.0 μg/L, and six children aged 4 to <7 yr had mean (±SD) plasma molybdenum concentrations of 1.5±0.8 μg/L. Eleven children
aged 7 to <11 yr had a mean plasma molybdenum concentration of 1.7±0.7 μg/L, and two children 11 to <14 yr had plasma molybdenum
concentrations of 1 μg/L and 2 μg/L. Plasma molybdenum concentrations did not differ significantly among children in the age
groups. 相似文献