Seminal fluid excretion of cytomegalovirus related to immunosuppression in homosexual men.

Seminal fluid samples from 84 Danish homosexual men were successfully cultured to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus excretion. Ten (15%) out of 66 men positive for the antibody were found to be excreting the virus. Although the proportion excreting was inversely related to age (p less than 0.01), three men aged over 30 and with many years of homosexual experience excreted the virus. In addition, a 50 year old man with Kaposi''s sarcoma excreted the virus. A further study of the ratio of T cell helpers to suppressors in the men aged over 30 and a series of age matched non-excreting homosexual control or heterosexual men showed that those excreting cytomegalovirus in their seminal fluid had statistically lower ratios (all less than 0.77) than the controls (p less than 0.05). Excretion of cytomegalovirus may be related to re-emergence of latent infection in immunosuppressed homosexual men.     

Survival and competitive ability of ammonia excreting and nonammonia excretingAzotobacter chroococcum strains in sterile soil

Summary The survival of two multiple antibiotic resistant native isolates ofAzotobacter chroococcum (A10 and A42), one of them (A10) having high nitrogenase activity and high ammonia excreting ability and another (A42) having low nitrogenase activity and low ammonia excreting ability were studied in sterile sandy loam soil with amendments of compost and glucose and without amendments. The decrease in cell numbers over a period of four weeks in all the three types of treatments approximated 4 log units. However, the death rate was more in the first two weeks. In all the treatments A10 showed better survival and competitive ability than A42 both singly and in mixed culture.     

1组曲霉单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备并鉴定一组抗曲霉不同抗原的单克隆抗体。方法采用烟曲霉细胞壁抗原成分、分泌抗原和灭活分生孢子,分别免疫BALB／c小鼠,制备单克隆抗体,免疫荧光法鉴定单克隆抗体与曲霉属和念珠菌属抗原的交叉反应。结果获得29株稳定分泌抗曲霉单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,其中用烟曲霉细胞壁抗原成分免疫获得11株,用分泌抗原免疫获得13株,用孢子免疫获得5株;Ig亚类鉴定,11个克隆株为IgG1亚类,3个克隆株为IgG3,15个克隆株为IgM。免疫荧光法鉴定29株单抗特异性识别烟曲霉细胞壁抗原,与其他曲霉抗原有交叉反应。结论29株单克隆抗体,对于建立侵袭性曲霉感染早期诊断方法、筛选曲霉保护性抗体以及研究抗体保护机制奠定了实验基础。     

Effect of increased excretory renal mass on kidney function.

Renal function was investigated in non-hydrated normal dogs and in dogs with slight isotonic hypervolaemia before and after increasing the excreting renal mass by connecting a pair of isolated kidneys into their circulation. After connecting the isolated kidneys to the perfusor's circulation, the excreting capacity of the in situ kidneys decreased markedly in both groups, without any change in the arterial blood pressure. Their urine output calculated for 100g kidney weight dropped from 0.52 +/- 0.43 to 0.30 +/- 0.18 ml/min in the non-hydrated group, and from 2.3 +/- 1.17 to 1.33 +/- 0.96 ml/min in the hydrated one. The urine flow of the isolated kidneys was 0.29 +/- 0.12 ml/min in the non-hydrated and 1.11 +/- 0.53 ml/min in the hydrated animals. Sodium excretion displayed similar changes. The findings suggest, that the excretory capacity of the kidneys and its distribution between the two kidneys is regulated very precisely. In our opinion, one or more "natriuretic factor" may be responsible for this precise regulation. The supposed factor seems to be produced extrarenally, and is only "used up" by the kidneys. It appears to exert its effect on the tubular part of the nephron, regulating the permeability of the tubular wall and controlling in this way the reflux of sodium and water from the capillary side to the tubular lumen. The decreased excreting capacity of the kidneys is attributed to an increased consumption of the natriuretic factor by four kidneys.     

Human Polyomavirus Infection in Renal Allograft Recipients

Cytological and virological studies on 74 patients with functioning renal allografts were undertaken to detect polyomavirus infection of the renal tract. Ten patients (13·5%) were excreting polyomavirus. Virus particles were seen in the electron microscope in urine samples from eight patients. B.K. polyomavirus was isolated from four patients. Infection with a different polyomavirus was probable in one patient. Virus isolation was most readily achieved when large numbers of intact virus particles were seen in the urine. Patients who were excreting large amounts of polyomavirus shed numerous inclusion-bearing cells which could be detected by cytology. A serological study showed that the prevalence of B.K. antibody was similar to that found in the general population and 38% of this series of transplant patients had evidence of active infection with B.K. virus.     

全自动吸乳挤奶器的研制

本文介绍一种集吸乳和挤乳为一体的新型全自动多功能吸乳挤奶器,它克服以往人工吸奶器使用不方便,效果不理想等缺点,能安全,自动,舒适地对产妇进行负压吸乳和正压挤乳,以促进乳汁的分泌和排出,提高纯母乳喂养率。     

Urinary proteins in Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic progressive nephrosis.

By means of polyacrylamide concentration and electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips, protein fractions have been determined in the urine of male Sprague-Dawley rats from 6 1/2-28 mo of age. An increasing percentage of albumin was expressed in the albumin/globulin ratios of 0.72, in a group of rats excreting a mean concentration of 1.91 mg/ml of protein in the urine, and 2.24 in a group of rats excreting, on the average, 17.62 mg/ml. A relative decrease in globulin, particularly of the alpha2 fraction, was shown. From a statistical model based on the regression parameters for 24-hr protein excretion and urine protein concentration, it was estimated that the doubling time for protein excretion was 3.2-3.69 mo. This interval is roughly one-half that reported for the Wistar rat.     

Illustration of some limits of the Markov assumption for transition between groups in models of spread of an infectious pathogen in a structured herd

In epidemic models concerning a structured population, sojourn times in a group are usually described by an exponential distribution. For livestock populations, realistic distributions may be preferred for group changes (e.g. depending on sojourn time). We illustrated the effect on pathogen spread of the use of an exponential distribution, instead of the true distribution of the transition time, between groups for a population separated into two groups (youngstock, adults) when this true distribution is a triangular one. Concerning the epidemic process, two assumptions were defined: one type of excreting animal (SIR model), and two types of excreting animals (transiently or persistently infected animals). The study was conducted with two indirect-transmission levels between groups. Among the adults, the epidemic size and the last infection time were significantly different. For persistence, epidemic sizes (in the entire population and in youngstock) and first infection time, results varied according to models (excretion assumption, indirect-transmission level).     

Purification of a glycoprotein excreted by Trypanosoma cruzi to increase the permeability of the host-cell membrane

During invasion of the prospective host cell, metacyclic forms of Trypanosoma cruzi render the membrane of HeLa cells permeable to the alpha-sarcin toxin, by excreting a glycoprotein with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. The molecular weight of the glycoprotein is 64,000 dalton and its isoelectric point is 4.8.     

Excretion of glutamic acid in Citrobacter intermedius C3 associated with plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid.

Several mutants of Citrobacter intermedius C3 lacking both the ability to synthesize proline and the ability to excrete glutamic acid were isolated by treatment with nitrosoguanidine. No revertants for either characteristic were obtained from these mutants. The ability to excrete glutamic acid was transferred to those mutants with very high frequencies in mating experience by using auxotropic excreting strains as donors. Moreover, the ability to synthesize proline was transferred together with the ability to excrete glutamic acid when an excreting strain was used as donor. The transconjugants showed a rapid spontaneous curing of both genetic markers. It was shown by two different methods that a band of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid is present in the cesium chloride gradients corresponding to the wild type and excretor mutants. Nonexcretor mutants described herein lacked such a band. Pro + transformants that were also excretors were obtained with plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid isolated either from wild type or from an excretor mutant. These data strongly indicate that glutamic acid excretion in C. intermedius C3 is related to the presence of extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid.     

The effects of strain heterology on the epidemiology of equine influenza in a vaccinated population

We assess the effects of strain heterology (strains that are immunologically similar but not identical) on equine influenza in a vaccinated population. Using data relating to individual animals, for both homologous and heterologous vaccinees, we estimate distributions for the latent and infectious periods, quantify the risk of becoming infected in terms of the quantity of cross-reactive antibodies to a key surface protein of the virus (haemagglutinin) and estimate the probability of excreting virus (i.e. becoming infectious) given that infection has occurred. The data suggest that the infectious period, the risk of becoming infected (for a given vaccine-induced level of cross-reactive antibodies) and the probability of excreting virus are increased for heterologously vaccinated animals when compared with homologously vaccinated animals. The data are used to parameterize a modified susceptible, exposed, infectious and recovered/resistant (SEIR) model, which shows that these relatively small differences combine to have a large effect at the population level, where populations of heterologous vaccinees face a significantly increased risk of an epidemic occurring.     

Purification and Partial Characterization of a Laccase from the White Rot Fungus Phanerochaete flavido-alba

In addition to excreting lignin-degrading peroxidases, the white rot fungus Phanerochaete flavido-alba also excretes a laccase. This protein was purified to homogeneity and found to have a molecular weight of 94,000 and an isoelectric point lower than 3.55. Its UV-visible spectrum is typical of copper-containing proteins.     

The Influence of the Bright Light Exposure during Daytime on Melatonin Excreting Rate in Urine

The present study was conducted to know the effects of different light intensities exposed during daytime for several hours on melatonin excreting rate in urine and tympanic temperature. Eleven healthy female subjects were exposed to bright light of 6000 lx (Bright) or dim light of 100 lx (Dim) during daytime from 09:00 h to 13:30 h, and then the light condition was kept at 100 lx until the end of test at 14:30 h. The urinary samples were collected from 10:00 h to 14:30 h every 1.5 hours, and melatonin excreting rate in urine was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Melatonin excreting rate in urine was significantly higher in Bright than in Dim at 11:30 h and 14:30 h, and not significant but at high level at 13:00 h (p <0.07). Moreover, average tympanic temperatures were significantly lower in Bright than in Dim from 11:43 h to 14:30 h. These results showed that the bright light exposure during daytime could reduce tympanic temperature, which might result from the increase of melatonin level.     

Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria potential uses

The large scale production of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria is discussed and the use of ammonia excreting mutants ofAnabaena siamensis is described.Gloeotrichia natans is considered for use as a biofertilizer and for the production of phycobiliproteins.     

Influence of chloramphenicol on glutamic acid excretion in citrobacter intermedius C3 (author's transl)

Chloramphenicol inhibits growth of C. intermedius C3 along with glutamic acid excretion, isocitrate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase and the percentage of glutamic acid excreting colonies in solid medium. Repression of isocitrate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase may explain the observed decrease in extracellular glutamic acid accumulation even when media were supplemented with 2-oxoglutarate, a known inducer of excretion in C. intermedius C3.     

Effect of methionine sulfone on the growth of Citrobacter intermedius C3 (author's transl)]

Specific activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) and glutamate synthase (GtS) has been determined in the wild strain C3 and on a non excreting pro- mutant strain. Methionine sulfone shows inhibitory effects on their growth. The addition of alpha-ketoglutarate to the medium prevents the inhibitory effect and increases the GtS specific activity in both strains. The physiological effect of methionine sulfone and its suppression by alpha-ketoglutarate is discussed.     

Rapid serodiagnosis of human mycobacteriosis by ELISA using cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate) purified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as antigen

IgG antibodies against purified cord factor (trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate, TDM) in sera of 99 patients infected with mycobacteria (42 patients with tuberculosis excreting tubercle bacilli in the sputum, 11 patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis excreting acid-fast bacilli in the sputum, and 46 patients without bacilli in the sputum but diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis by chest X-ray films and physical examination), five patients with lung cancer, and 100 healthy controls which included subjects positive and negative for the tuberculin test were tested by the ELISA with TDM purified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv as the antigen. Of the 99 cases of mycobacteriosis, 83 patients (83.8%) had positive results (48 samples from 53 patients, or 90.5%, with bacilli in the sputum, and 35 samples from 46 patients (76%) with tuberculosis diagnosed clinically). The sera of the five patients with lung cancer and the 100 controls all gave negative results. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity were 83.8% and 100%, respectively. ELISA with TDM as the antigen is simple, reproducible, and useful for the rapid serodiagnosis of general mycobacterial infections including tuberculosis, because it does not involve the cultivation of bacteria.     

联合固氮菌Enterobactergergoviae57—7泌铵突变株的分离和特性

经 Tn5转座子诱变从野生型菌株 ( Enterobacter gergoviae 5 7- 7)筛选到抗甲胺 ( 0 .3mol/L )的泌铵突变株 MG61 ,该突变株在固氮生长时能分泌铵 2 .0 mmol/L。由于泌铵 MG61的生长比野生型菌株慢 ,在培养基中含铵 ( 5 mmol/L或 30 mmol/L)条件下 ,MG61的生长速率与对照相同 ,而远比野生型菌株慢 ,表明 MG 61不能很好地利用铵。在含 2 0 mmol/L铵的培养基中 MG 61仍表达 86%的固氮活性 ,而野生型菌株完全丧失了固氮活性。在谷氨酸存在下 MG61的生长速率及固氮酶活性都比对照高。在硝酸盐存在下 MG61的生长速率与对照相同 ,但泌铵量达 7.8mmol/L。     

江豚小肾及肾小球的测量和计数研究

作者做了江豚的小肾和肾小球的测量和计数,首次报道了肾小球总数及体积。长江标本和黄海沿岸标本的小肾数量和直径,肾小球数量和体积都没有显著差异,说明其小肾化程度和肾小球数目与环境盐度不直接相关。江豚的肾小球数量和体积都比体重与之相近的陆生兽类大得多。鲸类由于水生生活,新陈代谢较高,因而其肾的小肾化可能与排泄量大有关系。     

Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants, producers of lysine on an ethanol medium

Using the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC) depending on different carbons, the regulatory resistant mutants producing lysine were isolated. By the further selection of the mutant resistant to monoiodine acetate (MIA) (an inhibitor of the alcohol dehydrogenase) the production of lysine was increased. The mutants resistant to AEC and MIC excreting 0.7 g/l of lysine when grown on the medium with ethanol were prepared.