Establishment of laboratory quality control indicators for NAT on blood donors' samples

In order to establish and screen nucleic acid test (NAT) quality control indicators for blood donor samples, C_T value of each test item were detected by NAT, internal and external quality controls, the number of unsuccessful mixed samples, the split positive rate, the rate of detection efficiency, and the equipment failure rate were collected. The "instant method" is used to establish the Levey-Jennings quality control chart, the mixed test positive rate, the rate of unqualified sample. Possion distribution is used to establish the quality control chart, and it is easily to operate and monitor NAT effectively. The results displayed that quality control charts were established, including unqualified sample Possion distribution quality control chart, the rate of equipment failure quality control chart, the failure rate of reagent batch and inefficient quality control chart, test result positive of Possion distribution quality control chart, quality control charts of NAT positive Possion distribution probability, the rate of split positive quality control charts, quality control charts of unsuccessful mixed samples, quality control chart of reagents effective rate, internal quality control chart, correctness, and NAT qualitative quality control chart. The study established quality control indicators throughout the whole NAT process, which were able to effectively improve NAT quality control and the efficacy of laboratory management.     

山西重要黍稷种质资源品质性状的初步鉴定与评价

营养品质和口感品质是组成黍稷种质子粒品质的重要组成部分。粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量是组成营养品质的主要成分,赖氨酸和可溶性糖含量是组成口感品质的主要成分。通过对山西省有代表性的90份黍稷种质的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、赖氨酸和可溶性糖的测定,评价了参试黍稷种质资源的营养品质和口感品质。结果表明,黍稷种质资源的粗蛋白平均含量为11.88%,粗脂肪平均含量为3.69%,赖氨酸平均含量为0.19%,可溶性糖平均含量为2.04%。鉴定筛选出7份粗蛋白含量13.00%、粗脂肪含量4.00%以上的高营养品质种质;15份赖氨酸含量0.20%以上、可溶性糖含量2.00%以上的口感品质优的种质;3份粗蛋白含量13.00%以上、粗脂肪含量4.00%以上、赖氨酸含量0.20%以上和可溶性糖含量2.00%以上的营养品质和口感品质均优的种质。营养品质和口感品质与不同类型种质的相关性分析表明,稷的营养品质好于黍,黍的口感品质好于稷,红粒种质营养品质和口感品质最好,白、褐、复色的种质居中,黄粒的最差;粒形和营养品质及口感品质相关不显著。研究结果为今后优质种质利用提供了参考依据。     

A Transparent and Transferable Framework for Tracking Quality Information in Large Datasets

The ability to evaluate the validity of data is essential to any investigation, and manual “eyes on” assessments of data quality have dominated in the past. Yet, as the size of collected data continues to increase, so does the effort required to assess their quality. This challenge is of particular concern for networks that automate their data collection, and has resulted in the automation of many quality assurance and quality control analyses. Unfortunately, the interpretation of the resulting data quality flags can become quite challenging with large data sets. We have developed a framework to summarize data quality information and facilitate interpretation by the user. Our framework consists of first compiling data quality information and then presenting it through 2 separate mechanisms; a quality report and a quality summary. The quality report presents the results of specific quality analyses as they relate to individual observations, while the quality summary takes a spatial or temporal aggregate of each quality analysis and provides a summary of the results. Included in the quality summary is a final quality flag, which further condenses data quality information to assess whether a data product is valid or not. This framework has the added flexibility to allow “eyes on” information on data quality to be incorporated for many data types. Furthermore, this framework can aid problem tracking and resolution, should sensor or system malfunctions arise.     

The data quality foundation in OMNIITOX information system

Extended Summary Goal and Scope  This paper describes the data quality foundation for the OMNIITOX information system, with regard to data quality requirements and maintenance. Main Features  The data quality concept applied in the OMNIITOX project is based on results that are successfully used in other contexts (Fig. 1). Specific data quality requirements have been developed, which are applied in data acquisition and data review. The data quality requirements and quality maintenance is supported by the OMNIITOX concept model, which supplies a common language for the users from the different disciplines. Results and Discussion  The quality requirements and the concept model have been tested during data acquisition for the information system, and have been found to be a successful framework. The results from practical work demonstrate that it is possible to have a common understanding of the concept model and quality requirements. The user's experience the initial phase of learning the concepts and quality requirements as tedious. Nevertheless, experiences show that the users will benefit from the education during the further work. A considerable amount of data has been acquired based on the data quality foundation. Conclusions  The data quality foundation has been a successful framework for managing data quality in the design and establishment of the OMNIITOX information system. The data quality concept, the concept model, and specific quality requirements are applied as quality management tools to find, acquire, document, and interpret the information. Several quality issues deriving from interdisciplinary differences between the different users have been resolved, which facilitates a common understanding and reduces the risk of misinterpretations and misuse of information. Recommendations and Outlook  An important task for the finalization of the OMNIITOX project is to secure the credibility and long-term stability of the information system. The OMNIITOX information system will somewhat have less potential to support the toxicology related assessments in Europe if any of the involved disciplines chooses to reject or not to apply the concept model and the quality requirements.     

大米辅料对啤酒酿造的影响

我国啤酒酿造主要使用大米作为辅料,我国大米品种繁多,其品质有较大差异。贮存期间,大米的品质发生变化,不同品质的大米,不同品种的大米对啤酒酿造和啤酒特性有明显的影响。     

太湖流域宜兴片河流生境质量评价

建立包含河道生境、河岸生境和滨岸带生境3方面共10项的河流生境质量评价指标体系,对太湖流域宜兴片42个样点进行生境评价及空间差异比较,分析不同土地利用类型下河流生境各参数的差异性,探讨河流生境质量指数与富营养化综合指数的相关关系。结果表明:河流生境质量指数分值介于29～79,31.0%样点生境质量处于较差和很差等级,57.1%样点为一般等级,表明整体上生境退化明显;南部丘陵山区河流的生境质量状况好于广大的平原河网区;不同土地利用类型下河流生境质量差异显著,林地区域的生境质量明显好于耕地和建设用地;河流生境质量指数与富营养化综合指数显著负相关,说明水质状况对河流生境质量具有较大贡献。     

城市生态观测:质量控制对象、体系和规范编制

城市生态系统长期观测是开展城市生态安全评价和制定人居环境健康管理政策的基础。为了确保城市生态观测数据的准确性和科学性,通过辨识城市生态观测质量控制的概念,基于"人机料法环"理论构建了城市生态观测质量控制体系,结合城市生态观测质量控制相关规范的编制与实施现状,探讨了城市生态观测质量控制规范的编制技术。结果表明：（1）城市生态观测质量控制是面向城市生态观测内容（要素、空间格局、功能、服务）,为保证生态观测全过程质量要求、提高生态观测结果的准确性而实施的质量控制活动和措施。（2）城市生态观测质量控制体系可从对象和过程这两个维度进行界定：对象维度方面,包括"人"-人员、"机"-仪器设备、"料"-数据、"法"-文件和"环"-观测过程5个方面;过程维度方面,涵盖城市生态观测全过程,包括城市生态观测前期准备工作、观测过程中以及观测后的数据录入、审核与评价等环节的质量控制措施。（3）我国已发布的生态观测相关技术标准中,发布的时间越晚,质量控制内容越完整,目前生态观测相关标准共102则,仅38则明确提出了质量控制具体要求。（4）《城市生态观测质量控制规范》编制需包含质量体系和质量控制措施两项技术内容,主要包括前引、正文和附录三个章节,对生态观测全过程质量保证和质量控制技术进行规定。     

Quality control management. Application to the production of unstable blood components

The quality controls of blood components, realised in Transfusion Centres, are necessary to check the true conformity of products in accordance with official standards. This controls are insufficient to enhance blood components quality. The practical application of the quality management allows us to reach this aim easier. After the quality display, after it efficiency and regulatory measurement and after a quality objectives selection, we consider that the professional training and the data presentation contribute to the necessary confidence for a better quality management. Finally, standardization and automatization of production processes constitute the only ways to improve the real quality, to decrease waste products and, of course, to increase the productivity.     

6σ 质量管理方法在临床化学检测性能评价中的应用

目的:应用六西格玛(6σ)质量管理方法分析临床生化检验项目质量控制数据,评价其分析性能,设计生化检验项目的质量控制方法并指导其质量改进。方法:收集2010年度临床生化检验项目室内质量控制及室间质量评价的数据,按照美国临床实验室改进修正法案允许总误差(TEa)标准,采用公式值=[TEa%-偏倚(bias%)]/变异系数(CV%),计算检验项目的σ值,绘制标准化6σ性能决定图,评价检验项目分析性能,设计质量控制方案,计算检验项目的质量目标指(QGI),查找导致性能不佳的主要原因,提出优先改进方法。结果:临床生化检验项目中,常规生化和干式生化的检验项目达到6西格玛水平分别占66.6%和58.4%,达到5～6西格玛水平分别占4.8%和8.3%,达到4～5西格玛水平分别占4.8%和8.3%,4.达到3～4西格玛水平分别占4.8%和16.7%,在3西格玛水平以下分别占19%和8.3%,全部检验项目的平均σ值分别为9.33和6.95。在12个6σ值<6的检验项目中有50%要优先改进精密度,25%需要优先改进准确度,其余则两者都要改进。结论:6σ质量管理方法可以有效地应用于临床化学检测性能评价,设计个性化的质量控制方案可更有效地控制质量,有助于不断提高临床实验室生化检验项目质量水平。     

陆军青年军人心理素质与人格、心理健康的相关研究

目的：探讨陆军青年军人心理素质与人格、心理健康的关系。方法：整群抽取陆军青年官兵881名,采用军人心理素质量袁、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行测评,进行方差分析和相关分析。结果：（1）陆军青年军人心理素质各因子分及总分与EPQ人格问卷中的E分呈显著正相关（p〈0．01）;与N分、P分呈显著负相关（p〈0．01）。高、中、低心理素质水平军人E、P、N得分比较有显著差异（p〈0．05）,表现为在E量表得分上高心理素质组〉中等心理素质组〉低心理素质组;而在P、N量表得分上则反之。（2）陆军青年军人心理素质各因子分及总分均与SCL-90各因子分和总均分呈显著负相关（p〈0．01）。高、中、低心理素质水平军人SCL-90各因子得分比较有显著差异（p〈0．05）,表现为低心理素质组〉中等心理素质组〉高心理素质组。结论：陆军青年军人心理素质与心理健康密切相关,心理素质越高,其心理健康水平也越高。     

High food quality of prey lowers its risk of extinction

The mineral and biochemical food quality of prey may limit predator production. This well‐studied direct bottom–up effect is especially prominent for herbivore–plant interactions. Low‐quality prey species, particularly when defended, are generally considered to be less prone to predator‐driven extinction. Undefended high‐quality prey species sustain high predator production thereby potentially increasing their own extinction risk. The food quality of primary producers is highly species‐specific. In communities of competing prey species, predators thus may supplement their diets of low‐quality prey with high‐quality prey, leading to indirect horizontal interactions between prey species of different food quality. We explore how these predator‐mediated indirect interactions affect species coexistence in a general predator–prey model that is parametrized for an experimental algae– rotifer system. To cover a broad range of three essential functional traits that shape many plant–herbivore interactions we consider differences in 1) the food quality of the prey species, 2) their competitive ability for nutrient uptake and 3) their defence against predation. As expected, low food quality of prey can, similarly to defence, provide protection against extinction by predation. Counterintuitively, our simulations demonstrate that being of high food quality also prevents extinction of that prey species and additionally promotes coexistence with a competing, low‐quality prey. The persistence of the high‐quality prey enables a high conversion efficiency and control of the low‐quality prey by the predator and allows for re‐allocation of nutrients to the high‐quality competitor. Our results show that high food quality is not necessarily detrimental for a prey species but instead can protect against extinction and promote species richness and functional biodiversity.     

5个早籼稻品种不同播种期米质性状的主成分分析

对8个播种期的5个早籼稻品种的品质性状进行主成分分析,归纳出了对综合米质影响较大的外观因子、加工因子、营养因子、蒸煮因子,它们对综合米质的贡献率依次减小,因此,稻米品质改良工作的重点应首先放在对外观及加工品质的改良上．不同品种及不同播种时期的稻米品质有较大的差异,整精米率和垩白是变异幅度较大并且对综合米质影响最大的指标、品种或播种期对米质的影响同时表现在米质性状的各个方面,综合米质好的稻米往往整精米率高、垩白少、蒸煮品质良好、蛋白质含量适中．在早稻生产中,应争取3月底以前播种并采取保温育秧措施,避开灌浆结实期高温的不良影响。此外,本文还阐述了各品质指标间的相关关系．     

Effects of food quality on maturation rate in Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.)

The effects of food quality on maturation rate were followed in progeny from wild Arctic charr, caught in Lake Fattjaure, northern Sweden. The fish were reared at five different food quality levels. In the first summer, the fry were given feed of three qualities: diluted with cellulose in three proportions (0, 15 and 25%). During the second winter the impact of changed food quality level was studied by transferring half the fish from the high (control) to the low food quality level and vice versa.
Maturation rate was lower in males reared at the high and improved food quality levels than in males reared at the medium, low and reduced food quality levels. The maturation rate in females was similar at all levels, though the rate tended to increase at the reduced food quality level.
Fish reared at the high and medium levels had similar growth rates, whereas fish at the low food quality level experienced slower growth. Reduced food quality did not arrest the growth offish, whereas improved food quality enhanced their growth.     

A quality assurance initiative for commercial-scale production in high-throughput cryopreservation of blue catfish sperm

Cryopreservation of fish sperm has been studied for decades at a laboratory (research) scale. However, high-throughput cryopreservation of fish sperm has recently been developed to enable industrial-scale production. This study treated blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) sperm high-throughput cryopreservation as a manufacturing production line and initiated quality assurance plan development. The main objectives were to identify: (1) the main production quality characteristics; (2) the process features for quality assurance; (3) the internal quality characteristics and their specification designs; (4) the quality control and process capability evaluation methods, and (5) the directions for further improvements and applications. The essential product quality characteristics were identified as fertility-related characteristics. Specification design which established the tolerance levels according to demand and process constraints was performed based on these quality characteristics. Meanwhile, to ensure integrity throughout the process, internal quality characteristics (characteristics at each quality control point within process) that could affect fertility-related quality characteristics were defined with specifications. Due to the process feature of 100% inspection (quality inspection of every fish), a specific calculation method, use of cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts, was applied to monitor each quality characteristic. An index of overall process evaluation, process capacity, was analyzed based on in-control process and the designed specifications, which further integrates the quality assurance plan. With the established quality assurance plan, the process could operate stably and quality of products would be reliable.     

三级医院医疗质量评价指标体系的构建及优化

目的 在原有医疗质量评价体系的基础上,建立一套科学合理、可操作性强的三级综合性医院医疗质量评价指标体系。方法 采用典型研究方法,通过文献研究筛选初始指标,通过知情人访谈法确定质量评价框架,运用德尔菲法并借鉴平衡积分卡的原理和思想优化并确定指标及权重系数。结果 确定了以医疗基础质量、环节质量和终末质量为基本结构的三级综合性医院质量评价框架和指标体系,由3个一级维度、8个二级维度、24个三级维度指标体系及其相应权重。结论 医疗质量评价指标体系关注医院质量管理中的难点和重点环节,能够满足上海市三级综合性医院医疗质量管理的实际需要。     

左心耳封堵术后房颤患者生活质量评价及其影响因素研究

摘要 目的：探讨左心耳封堵术（LAAC）术后对房颤（AF）患者的生活质量的影响,并分析其影响因素。方法：回顾性分析兰州大学第二医院2019年3月至2022年3月期间接受LAAC治疗的213例AF患者的临床资料。根据简明健康调查量表（SF-36）将213例LAAC术后AF患者分为低生活质量组（总分≤50分,n=107）和高生活质量组（总分＞50分,n=106）。收集并比较AF患者术前基线资料、实验室资料和影像学资料。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析LAAC术后AF患者生活质量的影响因素。结果：低生活质量组心房颤动血栓发生危险度（CHA2DS2-VASc）评分高于高生活质量组（P<0.05）。低生活质量组的凝血酶原时间百分比高于高生活质量组（P<0.05）。高生活质量组红细胞水平高于低生活质量组（P<0.05）。高生活质量组的左心室射血分数（LVEF）高于低生活质量组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：CHA2DS2-VASc评分偏高、LVEF偏低是影响LAAC术后AF患者生活质量的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：CHA2DS2-VASc评分偏高、LVEF偏低是影响LAAC术后AF患者生活质量的危险因素,可降低LAAC术后AF患者的生活质量。     

北京市属三级医院单病种质量管理现况研究

目的 调查北京市市属22家三级医院在单病种质量管理工作的开展现况,评估单病种质量管理水平。方法 采用调查问卷和深入访谈法对22家北京市市属三级医院单病种质量管理的开展数量、管理模式进行调查。结果 北京市市属22家三级医院开展单病种质量管理的占54.5%,单病种开展率为57.5%。实现实时监测单病种质控管理模式的仅4家医院。结论 单病种质控管理需要提升电子病历系统建设水平,结构化的电子病历对于质控数据的提取至关重要。     

Quality Index for Stereoscopic Images by Separately Evaluating Adding and Subtracting

The human visual system (HVS) plays an important role in stereo image quality perception. Therefore, it has aroused many people’s interest in how to take advantage of the knowledge of the visual perception in image quality assessment models. This paper proposes a full-reference metric for quality assessment of stereoscopic images based on the binocular difference channel and binocular summation channel. For a stereo pair, the binocular summation map and binocular difference map are computed first by adding and subtracting the left image and right image. Then the binocular summation is decoupled into two parts, namely additive impairments and detail losses. The quality of binocular summation is obtained as the adaptive combination of the quality of detail losses and additive impairments. The quality of binocular summation is computed by using the Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF) and weighted multi-scale (MS-SSIM). Finally, the quality of binocular summation and binocular difference is integrated into an overall quality index. The experimental results indicate that compared with existing metrics, the proposed metric is highly consistent with the subjective quality assessment and is a robust measure. The result have also indirectly proved hypothesis of the existence of binocular summation and binocular difference channels.     

用地紧凑变化对武汉市绿色空间生境质量的影响

城市化以及人类活动所造成的土地利用变化严重影响了城市绿色空间生境质量,从而引起了一系列生态环境危机。如何科学合理协调用地建设与绿色空间生境质量的关系是城市可持续发展的重要内容。尽管当前不少学者探究了建设用地扩张强度、景观格局变化、土地利用类型变化等因素对自然生境的影响,但用地紧凑视角下用地规模、形态、强度等方面如何影响生境质量仍少有研究。以武汉市三个建设时期（2005、2013、2018年）为例,首先从生境适宜度与生境承载力视角出发构建生境质量综合评价体系,围绕土地利用强度以及土地功能布局,构建用地紧凑度评价指标体系;其次依据三个时期生境质量的热点分布情况将样本网格划分为生境冷点区、生境热点区以及生境变化区;最后通过相关性与空间自相关分析,探究生境质量与用地紧凑度的相关性及其在空间上的关联格局。结果表明：（1）武汉市用地紧凑变化对生境质量有消极影响,2005年至2018年生境质量由0.624下降到0.578,其时空分异特征明显,在三个时期内均呈现中心低、边缘高的分布特征,总体上退化速度加快,城市生境质量的提升工作效果不显著,城市发展边界是生境质量退化的重点区域。（2）不同区间生境质量受用地紧凑度影响的程度呈现出明显的差异性,生境冷点区受用地紧凑度影响最为显著,生境变化区内其与建设用地密度、居住用地密度、路网密度、土地聚集度、土地利用多样性、公交站点密度等存在较强的相关性。（3）用地紧凑因子均会对周边区域生境质量产生潜在影响,建设用地密度、土地聚集度、土地利用多样性、用地混合度、路网密度五项指标不仅对所处地块生境质量造成影响,还与周围地块生境质量退化有着密切联系,对生境影响范围较广,用地整合度对生境质量影响较小。研究结果对优化用地格局、维持生境高质量、实现用地高效配置、完善绿色空间生态系统具有重要参考意义。     

京津冀地区的生态质量定量评价

生态质量的好坏标志着区域经济社会可持续发展的能力以及社会生产和人居环境稳定可协调的程度,如何定量评价区域生态质量状况与变化,协调其与城镇化的关系,日益成为城市生态学研究的热点.本文选择城市化发展迅速、生态环境问题突出的京津冀城市群为研究对象,基于遥感技术反演京津冀城市群植被覆盖度、生物量和人工表面比例、植被面积百分比等生态参数,结合植被破碎化指数,采用主成分分析法,构建了基于遥感参数的生态质量指数综合模型,定量评价了2000—2010年京津冀城市群生态质量及动态变化.结果表明: 本文构建的生态模型可以更客观、综合地定量评估城市与区域的生态质量状况与变化.2000—2010年,京津冀城市群的生态质量指数从2.38上升到2.84,增幅达19.3%.其中,2000—2005年的增幅(12.2%)高于2006—2010年(7.2%).从空间分布来看,生态质量指数的高值区位于京津冀北部,西部、东南部较低.不同城市的生态质量状况及变化趋势不同.承德的生态质量状况最好,并显著高于其他城市;其次为北京、秦皇岛和保定;天津的生态质量最差.承德、北京、秦皇岛和保定的生态质量高于京津冀地区的平均水平;廊坊、天津和沧州的生态质量明显低于平均水平.2000—2010年间,除唐山外,其他城市的生态质量均呈好转趋势.其中,沧州、衡水的生态质量指数提升最显著,增幅分别达520.5%和171.8%.