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1.
《Endocrine practice》2022,28(12):1226-1231
ObjectivesWe investigated the development in the primary outcomes: changes in bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck after 2 years.MethodsIn patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, we investigated the effects of 30-mg cinacalcet per day plus 60 denosumab every 6 months for 1 year (Deno group), versus denosumab plus placebo for 1 year (DenoPlacebo-group), versus placebo plus placebo injection for 1 year (Placebo group). After the study’s termination, most patients receiving denosumab were switched to bisphosphonate treatment.ResultsForty-three out of 45 participants were subject to follow-up. A total of 35 patients completed a 2-year follow-up dual x-ray absorptiometry-scan (Deno: n = 13; DenoPlacebo: n = 12; and Placebo: n = 10). None of the groups showed statistically significant changes in BMD or experienced decreases in mean BMD below the study’s baseline level. Overall, the changes in T-scores from the final study measurement to follow-up were similar among the groups (P = .38 for lumbar spine T-score, .63 for total hip, and .97 for femoral neck by 1-way ANOVA). P-calcium was not different over time (P = .20 for change over time and P = .08 for the difference between the groups by repeated measures ANOVA). A total of 5 participants suffered a fracture during the study or follow-up periods, all but one was in the placebo group.ConclusionEvidence suggests that it is possible to at least maintain BMD, and thus potentially lower the fracture risk by a short course of denosumab followed by antiresorptive therapy, where applicable in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. 相似文献
3.
《Journal of lipid research》2023,64(9):100419
Oxidation of PUFAs in LDLs trapped in the arterial intima plays a critical role in atherosclerosis. Though there have been many studies on the atherogenicity of oxidized derivatives of PUFA-esters of cholesterol, the effects of cholesteryl hemiesters (ChEs), the oxidation end products of these esters, have not been studied. Through lipidomics analyses, we identified and quantified two ChE types in the plasma of CVD patients and identified four ChE types in human endarterectomy specimens. Cholesteryl hemiazelate (ChA), the ChE of azelaic acid (n-nonane-1,9-dioic acid), was the most prevalent ChE identified in both cases. Importantly, human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and neutrophils exhibit inflammatory features when exposed to subtoxic concentrations of ChA in vitro. ChA increases the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 and modulates the surface-marker profile of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophage. In vivo, when zebrafish larvae were fed with a ChA-enriched diet, they exhibited neutrophil and macrophage accumulation in the vasculature in a caspase 1- and cathepsin B-dependent manner. ChA also triggered lipid accumulation at the bifurcation sites of the vasculature of the zebrafish larvae and negatively impacted their life expectancy. We conclude that ChA behaves as an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern with inflammatory and proatherogenic properties. 相似文献
4.
In order to investigate the effects of dietary ginger extract (GE) enriched in gingerols on broilers under heat stress (HS) from 21 to 42 days of age, a total of 144 Ross 308 male broilers were randomly allocated to three groups with six replicates of eight broilers per replicate. Broilers in the control group were raised at 22 °C and fed a basal diet, and broilers in the other two groups were raised under cyclic HS (34 °C from 9:00 to 17:00 and at 22 °C for the rest of the time) and fed the basal diet with or without 1000 mg/kg GE. Supplementation of GE improved (P < 0.05) final body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of broilers under HS, and tended (P < 0.1) to increase breast muscle yield. The alterations of serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol levels and aspartate aminotransferase activity under HS were reversed (P < 0.05) by GE, which also decreased (P < 0.05) serum triglyceride level and alanine aminotransferase activity. The decreased redness (a* value) and increased drip loss of breast muscle induced by HS were restored (P < 0.05) by GE. Moreover, GE supplementation increased (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity and decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde content in liver and breast muscle, and increased (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase activity in serum and breast muscle. In conclusion, dietary GE supplementation restored growth performance, serum metabolites and meat quality of broilers under HS possibly by improving antioxidant activity. 相似文献
5.
《Endocrine practice》2021,27(7):710-715
ObjectivePrimary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder in women which becomes more prevalent after menopause. In this study, we compared the demographic, clinical, and biochemical variables between premenopausal (pre-M) and postmenopausal (post-M) women with PHPT.MethodsA retrospective analysis (from 2005 to 2019) of enrolled women PHPT patients from an online Indian PHPT registry.ResultsOf the women with PHPT, 232 and 122 were pre-M and post-M, respectively. The number of post-M PHPT cases registered had a 3.3-fold increase in 2015-2019 from 2005-2009 compared with only a 2.5-fold increase in pre-M cases in the same duration. The majority were symptomatic (90%), although pre-M had a higher proportion of symptomatic than post-M (92% vs 85%; P = .04). Pre-M women showed more prevalence of osteitis fibrosa cystica than post-M women (28% vs 13%; P = .03), although hypertension and gallstone disease were seen more frequently in post-M PHPT women. Pre-M women had a significantly higher median PTH (403 vs 246 pg/mL; P = .02) and median alkaline phosphatase (202 vs 145 pg/mL; P = .02) than post-M women, and vitamin D deficiency was more common in pre-M women (58% vs 45%; P = .03). Gland localization, tumor weight, and disease cure rates did not differ according to menopausal status.ConclusionPHPT was more prevalent in pre-M women, although the number of post-M cases had significantly increased in the last 10 years. Pre-M women had generally more severe clinical and biochemical variables than post-M PHPT women. 相似文献
6.
《Endocrine practice》2021,27(10):983-991
ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between body composition, metabolic parameters, and bone mineral density (BMD) according to sex and the degree of obesity in children and adolescents.MethodsA total of 236 subjects with obesity, aged 10 to 15 years (36.9% girls), were enrolled. Obesity was classified into simple (SmOb) and extreme (ExOb) forms. The BMD of the total body, less head, was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and the BMD z-score was used to evaluate the relationship of body composition with metabolic parameters.ResultsBMD z-scores were higher in subjects with ExOb than in those with SmOb. Lean mass index (LMI), body mass index z-score, and vitamin D intake showed positive relationships, whereas percentage of body fat and serum leptin level showed negative relationships with BMD z-scores in boys. In girls, LMI and body mass index z-score showed positive relationships with BMD z-scores. In multivariable linear regressions, serum leptin level showed negative relationships with BMD z-score, only in boys. In addition, positive relationships of LMI and negative relationships of percentage of body fat with BMD z-scores were observed in subjects with SmOb. However, positive relationships of LMI with BMD z-scores were attenuated in subjects with ExOb.ConclusionHigh BMD appears to be positively associated with lean mass in children and adolescents with obesity, which might be a natural protective mechanism to withstand the excess weight. However, excessive body fat appears to be negatively associated with BMD, which might attenuate the positive relationship between lean mass and BMD in subjects with ExOb. 相似文献
7.
《Endocrine practice》2023,29(2):83-88
ObjectiveWe examined the effect of body mass index (BMI) on clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsThe clinical data of 4476 patients with PTC who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different BMI of patients, it can be divided into underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2), overweight (24 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the BMI and the size of PTC tumor. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association of overweight and obesity with clinicopathological features of PTC.ResultsThere was a positive correlation between the BMI and PTC tumor size (r = 0.087, P < .001). As compared with normal weight patients with PTC, overweight and obese patients with PTC had a greater risk of bilaterality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.295, OR = 1.669), multifocality (OR = 1.273, OR = 1.617), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.560, OR = 2.477), T (3 + 4) stage (OR = 1.482, OR = 2.392), and recurrence risk (intermediate-high risk) (OR = 1.215, OR = 1.718) (P < .05 for all). As compared with normal weight patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), overweight and obese patients with PTMC had a greater risk of bilaterality (OR = 1.341, OR = 1.737), multifocality (OR = 1.244, OR = 1.640), extrathyroidal extension (OR = 1.992, OR = 2.080), T (3 + 4) stage (OR = 1898, OR = 2.039), and recurrence risk (intermediate-high risk) (OR = 1.458, OR = 1.536) (P < .05 for all).ConclusionOverweight and obesity were significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features of PTC and PTMC. The impact of overweight and obesity should be considered when choosing treatment decisions for PTC and PTMC. 相似文献
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《Endocrine practice》2021,27(11):1165-1174
ObjectiveHereditary endocrine tumors (HET) were among the first group of tumors where predisposition syndromes were recognized. The utility of genetic awareness is having the capacity to treat at an earlier stage, screen for other manifestations and initiate family cascade testing. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the most common hereditary syndromes associated with frequently encountered endocrine tumors, with an emphasis on screening and surveillance.MethodsA MEDLINE search of articles for relevance to endocrine tumors and hereditary syndromes was performed.ResultsThe most common hereditary syndromes associated with frequently encountered endocrine tumors are described in terms of prevalence, genotype, phenotype, penetrance of malignancy, surgical management, screening, and surveillance.ConclusionMedical practitioners involved in the care of patients with endocrine tumors should have an index of suspicion for an underlying hereditary syndrome. Interdisciplinary care is integral to successful, long-term management of such patients and affected family members. 相似文献
10.
《Endocrine practice》2021,27(4):306-311
ObjectiveTo compare the thyroid autoantibody status of patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and benign nodular goiter as well as possible associations between thyroid autoantibodies and clinicopathologic features of PTC.MethodsA total of 3934 participants who underwent thyroidectomy were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into PTC and benign nodule groups according to pathological diagnosis. Based on the preoperative serum antibody results, PTC patients were divided into thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)-positive, thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)-positive, dual TPOAb- and TgAb-positive, or antibody-negative groups.ResultsOf the 3934 enrolled patients, 2926 (74.4%) were diagnosed with PTC. Multivariate regression analyses suggested that high thyroid-stimulating hormone levels (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.732, 95% CI [1.485-2.021], P < .001), positive TgAb (adjusted OR = 1.768, 95% CI [1.436-2.178], P < .001), and positive TPOAb (adjusted OR = 1.452, 95% CI [1.148-1.836], P = .002) were independent risk factors for predicting malignancy of thyroid nodules. Multinomial multiple logistic regression analyses indicated that positive TPOAb alone was an independent predictor of less central lymph node metastasis in PTC patients (adjusted OR = 0.643, 95% CI [0.448-0.923], P = .017), whereas positive TgAb alone was significantly associated with less extrathyroidal extension (adjusted OR = 0.778, 95% CI [0.622-0.974], P = .028). PTC patients with dual-positive TPOAb and TgAb displayed a decreased incidence of extrathyroidal extension (adjusted OR = 0.767, 95% CI [0.623-0.944], P = .012) and central lymph node metastasis (adjusted OR = 0.784, 95% CI [0.624-0.986], P = .037).ConclusionAlthough preoperative positive TPOAb and TgAb are independent predictive markers for PTC, they are also associated with better clinicopathologic features of PTC. 相似文献
11.
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Pycnonotus xanthorrhous was sequenced via next generation sequencing. The full length of the circular genome is 16,952 bp. It consists of 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) and 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. P. xanthorrhous also contains one control region (CR) and one pseudo-control region, and shares the identical gene arrangements with sequenced Pycnonotus spp. which differs from the typical vertebrates gene order. Phylogenetic analyses indicates that Passerida sensu stricto contains three major clades and the core Sylvioidea form a monophyletic group. Furthermore, we investigated the evolution of control region within this lineage and revealed the multiple independent origins of duplicate control region. 相似文献
12.
The FGLamide allatostatins (FGL/ASTs) are a family of neuropeptides with pleiotropic functions, including the inhibition of juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis, vitellogenesis and muscle contraction. In the cockroach, Diploptera punctata, thirteen FGLa/ASTs and one allatostatin receptor (AstR) have been identified. However, the mode of action of ASTs in regulation of JH biosynthesis remains unclear. Here, we determined the tissue distribution of Dippu-AstR. And we expressed Dippu-AstR in vertebrate cell lines, and activated the receptor with the Dippu-ASTs. Our results show that all thirteen ASTs activated Dippu-AstR in a dose dependent manner, albeit with different potencies. Functional analysis of AstR in multiple cell lines demonstrated that activation of the AstR receptor resulted in elevated levels of Ca2+ and cAMP, which suggests that Dippu-AstR can act through the Gαq and Gαs protein pathways. The study on the target of AST action reveals that FGL/AST affects JH biosynthesis prior to the entry of acetyl-CoA into the JH biosynthetic pathway. 相似文献
13.
Autophagy regulates cell survival (or cell death in several cases), whereas apoptosis regulates cell death. However, the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis and the regulative mechanism is unclear. We report that steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) promotes switching from autophagy to apoptosis by increasing intracellular calcium levels in the midgut of the lepidopteran insect Helicoverpa armigera. Autophagy and apoptosis sequentially occurred during midgut programmed cell death under 20E regulation, in which lower concentrations of 20E induced microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3–phosphatidylethanolamine (LC3–II, also known as autophagy-related gene 8, ATG8) expression and autophagy. High concentrations of 20E induced cleavage of ATG5 to NtATG5 and pro-caspase-3 to active caspase-3, which led to a switch from autophagy to apoptosis. Blocking autophagy by knockdown of ATG5, ATG7, or ATG12, or with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, inhibited 20E-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Blocking apoptosis by using the apoptosis inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO did not prevent 20E-induced autophagy, suggesting that apoptosis relies on autophagy. ATG5 knockdown resulted in abnormal pupation and delayed pupation time. High concentrations of 20E induced high levels of intracellular Ca2+, NtATG5, and active caspase-3, which mediated the switch from autophagy to apoptosis. Blocking 20E-mediated increase of cellular Ca2+ caused a decrease of NtATG5 and active caspase-3 and repressed the transformation from autophagy to apoptosis, thereby promoting cell survival. 20E induces an increase in the concentration of intracellular Ca2+, thereby switching autophagic cell survival to apoptotic cell death. 相似文献
14.
《Endocrine practice》2021,27(5):449-454
ObjectiveTo determine whether the use of an inhaled insulin would improve HbA1c.MethodsThis study was performed in 20 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants with HbA1c values ≥7.5 (58) to ≤11.5% (102 mmol/mol) on a variety of glucose-lowering regimens. Prandial Technosphere insulin (TI) was rapidly titrated based on a treatment algorithm using postprandial blood glucose to calculate premeal doses. A 2-week baseline period was followed by 12 weeks of active treatment with TI. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes included glucose time in range (time in range: 70-180 mg/dL) obtained by a blinded continuous glucose monitoring during the baseline period and at the end of 12 weeks. Goals were to assess how to rapidly and safely initiate TI intensification, determine dosing requirements, and establish an effective dose range in uncontrolled T2DM.ResultsMean HbA1c decreased by −1.6% (−17 mmol/mol) from 9.0% (75 mmol/mol) at baseline to 7.4% (57 mmol/mol) at 12 weeks (P < .0001). Mean time in range increased from 42.2% to 65.7% (P < .0002). Mean prandial doses of TI were 18 or 19 units for all meals. Time below range was 1.1% baseline and 2.6% post treatment (P = .01).ConclusionTreatment with inhaled TI dosed using a simple algorithm improved glycemic control measured by both HbA1c and time in range, with low rates of hypoglycemia. These data add significantly to understanding TI in the management of T2DM patients for whom prandial insulin is a consideration. 相似文献
15.
Alterations in neuromodulation or synaptic transmission in biophysical attractor network models, as proposed by the dominant dopaminergic and glutamatergic theories of schizophrenia, successfully mimic working memory (WM) deficits in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). Yet, multiple, often opposing alterations in memory circuits can lead to the same behavioral patterns in these network models. Here, we critically revise the computational and experimental literature that links NMDAR hypofunction to WM precision loss in PSZ. We show in network simulations that currently available experimental evidence cannot set apart competing biophysical accounts. Critical points to resolve are the effects of increases vs. decreases in E/I ratio (e.g. through NMDAR blockade) on firing rate tuning and shared noise modulations and possible concomitant deficits in short-term plasticity. We argue that these concerted experimental and computational efforts will lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology underlying cognitive deficits in PSZ. 相似文献
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17.
Heli Gao Jia Dong Wuhu Zhang Huaxiang Xu Longyun Ye Hao Li Quanxing Ni Wenquan Wang Liang Liu 《Endocrine practice》2022,28(3):292-297
ObjectiveThe role of alternate sequential administration of sunitinib and capecitabine/temozolomide (CAPTEM) in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) remains unexplored. We thus aimed to analyze the efficacy and tolerability of this strategy in advanced grade 1/grade 2 PanNETs.MethodsIn total, data of 43 patients with metastatic PanNET were collected from a real-world database of a cancer center. Twenty-four patients were treated with sunitinib followed by CAPTEM (group 1), and 19 patients were treated with CAPTEM followed by sunitinib (group 2).ResultsTwenty-three patients were treated with first-line sunitinib or CAPTEM, and 20 patients were pretreated with somatostatin analog (SSA) or SSA in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The objective response rate with first-line treatment was similar in both groups, whereas that with second-line treatment was higher in group 1 than in group 2, albeit with no significant differences (21.1% vs 5.3%, respectively; P = .205). Median progression-free survival (mPFS) for first-line and second-line treatments did not differ between the 2 groups (11 and 12 months vs 12 and 8 months, respectively). Following subgroup analyses, treatment with first-line sunitinib and sunitinib after pretreated SSA had a longer mPFS than that with second-line sunitinib after CAPTEM (11 months vs 8 months, respectively; P = .046), whereas treatment with first-line CAPTEM and CAPTEM after pretreated SSA had an mPFS similar to that of second-line CAPTEM after sunitinib treatment. CAPTEM and sunitinib had similar tolerability.ConclusionAlternating sunitinib and CAPTEM were well tolerated and associated with similar mPFS in grade 1/grade 2 PanNETs. However, larger prospective studies are required to investigate the efficacy of alternate sequential therapies for metastatic PanNET. 相似文献
18.
《Endocrine practice》2021,27(12):1225-1231
ObjectiveBone health in older individuals with HIV infection has not been well studied. This study aimed to compare bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS), and bone markers between HIV-infected men and age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched HIV-uninfected men aged ≥60 years. We investigated the associations of risk factors related to fracture with BMD, TBS, and bone markers in HIV-infected men.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 45 HIV-infected men receiving antiretroviral therapy and 42 HIV-uninfected men. Medical history, BMD and TBS measurements, and laboratory tests related to bone health were assessed in all the participants. HIV-related factors known to be associated with bone loss were assessed in the HIV-infected men.ResultsThe mean BMD, TBS, and osteopenia or osteoporosis prevalence were similar among the cases and controls. The HIV-infected men had significantly higher mean N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen levels. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that low BMI (lumbar spine, P = .015; femoral neck, P = .018; and total hip, P = .005), high C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen concentration (total hip, P = .042; and TBS, P = .010), and low vitamin D supplementation (TBS, P = .035) were independently associated with low BMD and TBS.ConclusionIn older HIV-infected men with a low fracture risk, the mean BMD and TBS were similar to those of the age- and BMI-matched controls. The mean bone marker levels were higher in the HIV group. Traditional risk factors for fracture, including low BMI, high C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen level, and low vitamin D supplementation, were significant predictors of low BMD and TBS. 相似文献
19.
《Endocrine practice》2023,29(2):141-147
ObjectiveTo review the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of head and neck paragangliomas.MethodsA literature review of english language papers with focus on most current literature.ResultsParagangliomas (PGLs) are a group of neuroendocrine tumors that arise in the parasympathetic or sympathetic ganglia. Head and neck PGLs (HNPGLs) comprise 65% to 70% of all PGLs and account for 0.6% of all head and neck cancers. The majority of HNPGLs are benign, and 6% to 19% of all HNPGLs develop metastasis outside the tumor site and significantly compromise survival. PGLs can have a familial etiology with germline sequence variations in different susceptibility genes, with the gene encoding succinate dehydrogenase being the most common sequence variation, or they can arise from somatic sequence variations or fusion genes. Workup includes biochemical testing to rule out secretory components, although it is rare in HNPGLs. In addition, imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, help in monitoring in surgical planning. Functional imaging with DOTATATE-positron emission tomography, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, or 18F-fluorohydroxyphenylalanine may be necessary to rule out sites of metastases. The management of HNPGLs is complex depending on pathology, location, and aggressiveness of the tumor. Treatment ranges from observation to resection to systemic treatment. Similarly, the prognosis ranges from a normal life expectancy to a 5-year survival of 11.8% in patients with distant metastasis.ConclusionOur review is a comprehensive summary of the incidence, mortality, pathogenesis, presentation, workup and management of HNPGLs. 相似文献
20.
《Endocrine practice》2021,27(1):63-70
ObjectiveTo review screening guidelines for cardiometabolic disease in aging patients and review literature describing the effect of hormone therapy (HT) on several key cardiometabolic processes to inform providers caring for older transgender individuals.MethodsA traditional literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases.ResultsThe risk of cardiovascular disease increases with age. Exogenous sex hormones may interact with hormone-dependent metabolic pathways and affect some biochemical assays, but they do not necessarily impact clinical outcomes. While long-term HT is associated with an increased risk of some adverse cardiovascular outcomes, modern treatment regimens minimize this risk.ConclusionScreening for cardiometabolic derangements and risk reduction are important for all aging individuals. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to propose separate screening recommendations for transgender individuals on long-term HT. Aging transgender men and women should be monitored for cardiovascular disease in much the same way as their cisgender counterparts. 相似文献