生孢噬纤维粘菌基因文库的构建和纤维素酶基因的克隆

将生孢噬纤维粘菌（ＳｐｏｒｏｃｙｔｏｐｈａｇａＢ２９）染色体用ＰｓｔＩ部分酶切后,连接到大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ）质粒载体ｐＵＣ８上,然后转化Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＪＭ８３,从而建立了Ｂ２９的基因文库,并筛选一个含有内切葡聚糖纤维素酶（ＣＭＣａｓｅ）的阳性克隆．从此阳性克隆中提取质粒再转化ＪＭ８３,发现所有的氨苄青霉素抗性（Ａｐｒ）转化子都具有ＣＭＣａｓｅ酶活性,证明在大肠杆菌中克隆到一个Ｂ２９的内切葡聚糖酶基因．     

α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的基因克隆及在大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母中的表达

以ｐＵＣ１９质粒为载体,以Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ ＪＭ１０９为受体,构建了含α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶（α－ＡＬＤＣ）基因的地衣芽孢杆菌Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ ＡＳ１０１０６的基因文库,得到４８００个重组转化子中均含有４～１０ｋｂ的外源插入ＤＮＡ片段,从基因文库中筛选到６个阳性克隆,对其中１个克隆的α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因片段进行亚克隆分析表明,该α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因位于１．６ｋｂ的ＢａｍＨⅠ     

麦迪霉素4″—O—丙酰基转移酶（mpt）基因结构的研究

对含有麦迪霉素４″－Ｏ－丙酰基转移酶（ｍｐｔ）基因的ＢａｍＨＩ－ＢａｍＨＩ８．０ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段进行限制性酶切分析,绘制出了含有２１个酶切位点的限制性酶切图谱。以含有碳霉素异戊酰基转移酶基因（ＣａｒＥ）的２．４ｋｂ ＤＮＡ片段为探针,经Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ分子杂交,将ｍｐｔ定位于一个ＥｃｏＲＩ－ＥｃｏＲＩ－ＰｓｔＩ３．０ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段上,将该片段克隆至大肠杆菌／链霉菌穿梭质粒载体ｐＷＨＭ３     

芝田硫化叶菌麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合酶基因在大肠杆菌中的克隆和表达

用ＰＣＲ 方法从芝田硫化叶菌中扩增了编码一种新酶,即麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合酶（ ＭＴＳａｓｅ） 的基因,扩增的２－２ｋｂ ＤＮＡ 插入到原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０ 中,构建成重组质粒ｐＳＢＧＴ１ 。ｐＳＢＧＴ１ 中ＭＴＳａｓｅ 基因在大肠杆菌中得到表达。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ 分析表达产物ＭＴＳａｓｅ蛋白的分子量约为７４ｋＤａ ,同核苷酸序列测定所推导的值相符。表达产物占细胞总蛋白约４－４ ％ 。ｐＳＢＧＴ１ 产生的重组酶作用于淀粉部分水解物,使ＤＥ 值降低,得到非还原糖或低还原糖。     

用PCR扩增和克隆鸡传染性贫血病毒全基因组DNA

根据已发表的序列,分别在鸡贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）环形基因组ＤＮＡ（全长２．３ｋｂ）的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点和ＢａｍＨＩ位点的两侧选择适当序列合成两对引物,用ＰＣＲ技术,从斑点杂交检测到病毒核酸的ＣＡＶ感染的ＭＤＣＣＲＰ１细胞基因组ＤＮＡ中,分别扩增出包含ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＢａｍＨＩ分割开的病毒基因组两部分（１．５ｋｂ和０．８ｋｂ）约１．５ｋｂ和约１．２５ｋｂ的两个片段。再将其中相应序列拼接克隆进ｐＵＣ１８载体,获得包含ＣＡＶ全基因组序列ＤＮＡ片段的克隆质粒ｐＣＡＶ２．４。酶切分析表明,该质粒具有预期的ＢａｍＨＩ位点、ＰｓｔＩ位点、ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点,而预期的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点消失。重组质粒插入ＤＮＡ片段的两端序列分析表明,质粒ｐＣＡＶ２．４是包含ＣＡＶ全基因组序列的重组质粒,插入ＤＮＡ片段序列中的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点序列发生了一个碱基突变。     

一个高效表达,快速纯化大肠杆菌精氨酰—tRNA合成酶的 …

编码大肠杆菌精氨酸－ｔＲＮＡ合成酶的基因ａｒｇＳ被克隆到ｐＭＦＴ７－５载体上。将此质粒转化的大肠 力ＪＭ１０９（ＤＥ３）中,该转化子粗抽液的比活是宿主菌的２５００倍。通过ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＣＬ－６Ｂ ＦａｓｔＦｌｏｗ和ＢｌｕｅＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＣＬ－６Ｂ两步柱层析在一天内即可将精氨酰－ｔＲＮＡ合成酶纯化至电泳一条带,比活为３６０００ｕ／ｍｇ,总收率可达６９％。     

产气肠杆菌α—乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因的克隆和表达及影响重组酶活性？…

用ＰＣＲ方法从产气肠杆菌（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒ ａｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｓ）中克隆出０．９ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段,经ＤＮＡ测序证明是α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶（α－ａｃｅｔｏｌａｃｔａｔｅ ｄｅｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌａｓｅ,α－ＡＬＤＣ）基因。将α－ＡＬＤＣ基因重组到质粒,ｐＢＶ２２０后,转化大肠杆菌,经筛选获得的高效表达的重组子菌株。     

人淋巴细胞CD2基因5’侧翼序列的克隆和鉴定

本文报告以ＣＤ２ｃＤＮＡ５’端的片段作探针,从人Ｔ淋巴细胞基因组文库筛选阳性重组克隆,经限制性内切酶降解和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析,证明其中一个阳性克隆的插入片段中含ＣＤ２基因５’侧翼顺序。经插入片段的亚克隆、限制性内切酶图谱及ＤＮＡ序列分析,鉴定出一含转录起始点及其上游序列的４．０ｋｂ片段。将此片段中含转录起始点和两个ＤＮ（ａｓｅ）Ⅰ高敏感位点的２．５ｋｂ片段定向克隆到以虫萤光素酶为报告基因的表达载体ｐＭＧ３中,并用限制性内切酶对此２．５ｋｂ片段作不同程度缺失,构成一系列突变子。这些重组的表达质粒转染人ＪｕｒｋａｔＴ细胞后,以瞬时表达实验分析各突变子驱动虫萤光素酶基因的表达,结果发现在ＣＤ２基因５’上游具有很弱的启动子活性,初步测定该启动子位于－１．２ｋｂ～－９８ｂｐ域。ＣＤ２基因具有弱启动子、强增强子的特点与Ｔ细胞表面其它抗原分子基因是相似的。     

环状芽孢杆菌C-2几丁酶基因的克隆

环状芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｃｉｒｃｕｌａｎｓ）Ｃ２总ＤＮＡ经ＰｓｔＩ部分酶切后分离２～１０ｋｂ的片段,插入质粒ｐＵＣ１９的ＰｓｔＩ位点,转化大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ）,利用几丁质平板从约８０００个重组子中筛选到一个几丁酶基因阳性克隆（命名为ｐＣＨＴ１）。用１２种限制酶对重组质粒进行的酶切分析表明,重组质粒中的插入片段长３０ｋｂ,其中各有一个ＫｐｎＩ,ＳａｃＩ和ＳｓｐＩ位点。把该克隆片段反向插入ｐＵＣ１９的ＰｓｔＩ位点所得到的重组子同样具有几丁酶基因表达活性,说明此片段含有一个完整的几丁酶基因,其自身的启动子能被大肠杆菌转录系统所识别。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交证实了该片段来自于Ｂ．ｃｉｒｃｕｌａｎｓＣ２基因组,且以单拷贝形式存在,它不能与来自于其它７株几丁酶产生菌的总ＤＮＡ杂交。     

蚕豆叶绿体atpE基因的克隆,测序和表达

蚕豆叶绿体的ａｔｐＥ和ａｔｐＢ基因在叶绿体ＤＮＡ ＫｐｎＩ酶切的第九条（约４．０ｋｂ）片段上,此片段被克隆到载体ｐＵＣ１８中,构成重组质粒ｐＵＫ１。用玉米叶绿体ａｔｐＥ基因作探针对ｐＵＫ１的ＣｌａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ等的酶切产物进行杂交,确定了蚕豆叶绿体的ａｔｐＥ在ＣｌａＩ酶切的约０．９ｋｂ的片段上。根据ｐＢｕｌｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ ＫＳ（＋）ＤＮＡ多聚接头Ｆ引物和Ｒ引物测序,得到ε亚基基因的完整核苷酸序列。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.