Taxonomic notes on Calymperes

Abstract

The features that distinguish the hitherto confused species Calymperes moluccense Schwaegr. and C. palisotii Schwaegr. ate outlined and the nomenclature of these taxa is revised. Attention is drawn to the similarity between the Asian species, Calymperes geppii Besch. and C. palisotii subsp. richardii (C. Miill. Hal.) S.R. Edwards, from tropical America.     

Taxonomic notes on Calymperes II

Abstract

Calymperes dozyanum Mitt. is recognized as a misapplied name. It is proposed that the taxon described under this name by Fleischer (1904) should be known by its earliest valid combination, Calymperes boulayi Besch., and that C. dozyanum Mitt. should become a synonym of C. moluccense Schwaegr.

The features that distinguish the hitherto confused species C. boulayi [= C. dozyanum sensu Fleischer] and C. graeffeanum are outlined and the nomenclature revised. Calymperes hispidum Ren. & Cardot and a form of this species superficially resembling C. graeffeanum are described.     

中国蛇根草属(茜草科)几种植物的分类学订正

根据对中国蛇根草属Ophiorrhiza植物标本的研究和野外调查,将琼崖蛇根草O.aureolina f.qiongyaensis Lo和溪畔蛇根草O.humilis Tseng归并入短小蛇根草O.pumila Champ.ex Benth.,将海南蛇根草O.hainanensis Tseng归并入垂花蛇根草O.nutans C.B.Clarke,将广西蛇根草O.kwangsiensis Merr.exLi和变黑蛇根草O.nigricans Lo归并入日本蛇根草O.japonica Bl.,将龙州蛇根草O.longzhouensis Lo和圆锥蛇根草O.paniculiformis Lo归并入广州蛇根草O.cantoniensis Hance。     

Observations on some new and interesting Cryptophyceae

Three new varieties and two new combinations of marine Cryptophyceae are described: Proteomonas pseudobaltica comb, nov., P. pseudobaltica var. leonardiana var. nov., Pyrenomonas salina var. curvata var. nov., Rhinomonas reticulata var. atrorosea comb, et stat. nov., and R. reticulata var. compressa var. nov. Proteomonas is compared to the freshwater Cryptomonas marssonii. Planktonic specimens collected from the southern North Sea during the NERC North Sea Project 1988/89, tentatively identified as Cryptomonas acuta and Plagioselmis sp., are also examined. Characters having taxonomic significance at various levels include cell compression, periplast features, chloroplast number, nucleomorph position, and phycoerythrin type. Comments are made on cell shrinkage occuring during preparation for scanning electron microscopy (up to about 23%). The appearance af trie vestibular region from which the flagella emerge is also discussed. It is suggested that the term 'furrow' may encompass a variety of structures. Of these, only one appears to be non-artefactual; this seems to be taxonomically significant at most at the species level.     

The distribution of some freshwater planktonic bacteria in two stratified eutrophic lakes

SUMMARY. Changes in bacterial populations and certain physical and chemical variables in Esthwaite Water between June and September 1975 were studied and compared with results obtained from 1972 to 1974 in the hypolimnia of Blelham Tarn and the Lund tubes. The counts of total bacteria ranged between 1 and 7 × 10⁶ml⁻¹ and were highest in the anoxic hypolimnion. The bacterial genera examined in more detail constituted only a small percentage of this count and included Ochrobium (10⁴ml⁻¹), Naumanniella (10³ml⁻¹), Leptothrix (10²ml⁻¹), Planctomyces (10³ml⁻¹), and Metallogenium (10²ml⁻¹). The iron bacteria appear to grow best in the oxycline where there was not only sufficient oxygen for aerobic growth but also a plentiful supply of reduced iron. Planctomyces numbers increased as the thermocline became depressed in September. The results from Blelham Tarn might be interpreted as further evidence of growth by iron bacteria in the absence of dissolved oxygen, but other explanations are possible. Examination of the results by multiple regression analysis showed that it was possible to explain a significant proportion of the bacterial variation (with the notable exception of the Planctomyces counts) in spite of considerable intercorrelation of the regressor variables.     

Taxonomic notes on Hymenolepis (Asteraceae-Anthemideae)

The South African genus Hymenolepis Cass. was recently distinguished from Athanasia L. by Källersjö. It differs by its slender capitula and a pappus of scales. A key to the 7 species is presented and the new species H. cynopus Bremer & Källersjö is described.     

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Delphinium L

BLANCHE, C. & MOLERO, J., 1993. Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Delphinium L. Delphinium viciosoi Pau and Delphinium intrincatum Pau, two poorly known plants from Iran, are typified. A new combination for the latter, Aconitella intrincata (Pau) Blanche & Molero is given. The name Delphinium ambiguum L. should not be attached to the plant known as Delphinium nanum DC, but should be considered as a synonym for Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur (= Delphinium ajacis L.).     

Taxonomic notes on New Zealand species of Tortula

Abstract

T. bealeyensis R. Br. ter, is reduced to synonymy with T. anderssonii Ångstr. and T. paehyneura Dix. to synonymy with Barbula ealobolax C. Müll.B. calobolax and B. calobolax var. angustinervia C. Müll. are transferred to the genus Willia. T. petriei Broth. is reduced to a subspecies of T. arenae (Besch.) Broth. Differences between this taxon and the ssp. arenae are outlined and T. arenae ssp. arenae is reported for the first time from the Auckland Islands. A lectotype is chosen for T. rubra Mitt, and T. subantaretiea Sainsb. is reduced to a variety of T. rubra. New Zealand plants referred to T. serrulata Hook. et Grev. are more correctly assigned to T. serrata Dix., which is endemic to New Zealand.     

The freshwater Copepoda (Crustacea) of Costa Rica with notes on some species

Sixteen species of Copepoda were recorded in this first detailed study of Costa Rican zooplankton. Two of these species are halophile. Notes are given on some of the species and their distribution. One new species found will be described elsewhere. The Costa Rican fauna resembles in composition the fauna of other Central American and Caribbean regions. Relatively few species were recorded. This is partly due to a low intensity of sampling but also to the paucity of lentic habitats. The occurrence of two circumtropical species of Mesocyclops is interesting.

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Résumé 16 espèces de Copépodes ont été inventoriées au cours d'une première étude détaillée du zooplankton dulcaquicole de Costa Rica. Deux des espèces trouvées sont halophiles. Des remarques sont faites a propos de quelques espèces et de leur répartition. Une nouvelle espèce est nouvelle — elle sera décrite par ailleurs. La fauna de Costa Rica ressemble par sa composition à celle des autres pays d'Amérique centrale et des îles caraibes. Relativement peu d'espèces sont notées. La faible intensité de l'échantillonnage mais aussi la pauvreté en habitats limniques en sont responsables. La présence de deux espèces circumtropicales de Mesocyclops est intéressante.

     

Taxonomic notes on Mexican Ruellia (Acanthaceae)

The new nameRuellia comonduensis is provided for the species previously known asR. cordata Brandegee.Ruellia chilpancingana, a new species known only from Guerrero in southwestern Mexico, is described and compared to morphologically similar species. It is unique among Mexican species ofRuellia based on the following combination of characters: caducous bracteoles and secondary bracteoles, multiflowered dichasia from leaf axils, yellowish and cylindric-funnelform corollas, exserted stamens, and few (four or fewer) seeds per capsule. Macromorphological features and pollen ofR. chilpancingana are illustrated.     

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on west Indian hypnaceae

Taxonomic investigations on the West Indian Hypnaceae have resulted in the following new taxa,Taxiphyllum gallorum, Ectropothecium aquaticum, andIrelandia (forIsopterygium robusticaule). Vesicularia in the West Indies is treated as a single species with four varieties,V. vesicularis var.vesicularis, var.rutilans (Brid.) comb. nov., var.portoricensis (Brid.) comb. nov., and var.crassicaulis (Mitt.) comb. nov.Chryso-hypnum is segregated fromMittenothamnium; the combinationC. diminutivum (Hampe) Buck is made.     

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Taraxacum (Compositae)

Sections Naevosa M. P. Chr., Crocea M. P. Chr. and Macrodonta M. P. Chr. are reduced to subsectional rank in section Spectabilia Dahlst. of the genus Taraxacum. Section Arctica Dahlst. (section Laevia (Hand.-Mazz.) Schischk.) is enlarged by including sections Glabra Dahlst., Antarctica Hand.-Mazz. and Pachera v. Soest.
Taraxacum gurglense A. J. Richards and T. unicoloratum A. J. Richards (section Alpestria v. Soest), T. concucullatum A. J. Richards (section Cucullata v. Soest) and T. venticola A. J. Richards (section Vulgaria Dahlst.) are described as new agamospecies from the Alps; and T. calcifhilum A. J. Richards & J. L. van Soest (section Orientalia Hand.-Mazz.), T. nigricornis A. J. Richards (section Macrocomuta v. Soest) and T. breviscapum A. J. Richards (section Erythrocarpa Hand.-Mazz.) are described as new agamospecies from Afghanistan.     

Growth and light absorption of some planktonic cyanobacteria, diatoms and Chlorophyceae under simulated natural light fluctuations

Specific growth rates of Limnozhrix redekei, Planktothrix agardhii(cyanobacteria), Synedraacus, Stephanodiscus minutulus (diatoms),Scenedesmus acuminatus and Scenedesmus armatus (Chlorophyceae)were compared under different time structures of illumination,but the same daily light exposure, at 20C. Fluctuating irradiancesimulating a uniform rapid transport of the algal cells acrossthe aquatic light field on a cloudless day with Z^eu/Z^mix=1 wascompared with constant irradiance throughout the same photoperiodof 12 h length as well as a photoperiod of 6 h length. Fluctuatinglight (30 min for a cycle) resulted in a decrease in specificgrowth rates as compared with constant irradiance at the samephotoperiod length. This decrease amounts to 15–20% fordiatoms, 20–25% for Chlorophyceae and 35–40% forcyanobacteria, respectively. The decrease is somewhat lowerif the fluctuations simulating mixing are slower (60 min fora cycle). The specific growth rate is also decreased by a shorterphotoperiod, but this effect is more species specific. Regardingthe in vivo absorption spectra, fluctuating light or a shorterphotoperiod has little or no effect on the Chlorophyceae anddiatoms studied, whereas cyanobacteria show an increase in lightabsorption by chlorophyll a and phycobilins.     

Effects of cadmium exposure on feeding of freshwater planktonic crustaceans

1. Effects of cadmium exposure (0.010-0.100 ppm) on food consumption and assimilation rates of crustacean zooplankton from 2 lakes were studied in laboratory using radioisotope (14C) technique. 2. The inhibiting effects were significant 48 hr after Cd-exposure, but not after 20 hr exposure. 3. Daphnia spp. were the most affected cladocerans; copepods, especially the cyclopoids, appeared less sensitive. 4. The decrease in assimilation rates was much more marked than in the consumption rates. 5. The 14C-technique offers quick and sensitive means of studying the effects of heavy metal toxicity.