寒地不同熟性品种水稻产量对CO2浓度和温度升高响应的模拟

选择黑龙江省作为研究区域,根据主栽水稻生育期内所需积温选取3个代表性品种,重点分析增温和大气CO₂肥效作用对不同熟性品种水稻产量的影响.采用2013年的逐日气象资料及开顶式气室(OTC)(3个CO₂浓度:390、450和550 μmol·mol^-1)试验资料对品种的遗传参数进行调试;然后采用经验证的CERES-Rice作物模型分别模拟了3个CO₂浓度水平下,伴随温度升高1、2、3和4 ℃时早、中、晚熟品种水稻产量.结果表明: 随CO₂浓度升高,不同品种水稻产量均上升;随温度升高,早熟品种产量持续下降,中、晚熟品种产量先上升再下降.若不考虑CO₂肥效作用,除了中熟和晚熟品种在增温1 ℃时会有3.1%和0.27%的小幅增产外,其余均表现为减产,其中早熟品种减产幅度最大,增温4 ℃时减产高达57.7%,而中熟和晚熟品种减产10%左右.若考虑CO₂肥效作用,450 μmol·mol^-1 CO₂浓度下,中熟和晚熟品种在增温2 ℃时仍增产0.75%和3.2%;550 μmol·mol^-1 CO₂浓度下,中熟品种在增温3 ℃时仍增产4.5%,晚熟品种在增温4 ℃时仍增产0.39%.而无论是否考虑CO₂肥效作用,早熟品种在增温作用下均表现大幅度减产.与不考虑CO₂肥效相比,大气CO₂肥效作用有效提高了水稻产量,但CO₂肥效对增产的贡献率在不同品种间差异不明显,且贡献率均小于10%.     

稗属杂草对水稻生长发育和产量的影响

以新两优6号(籼稻)和南粳46(粳稻)为材料,自水稻移栽至成熟分别与无芒稗(T₁)、稗(T₂)、西来稗(T₃)和光头稗(T₄)共生,稗草密度为6株·m^-2,以无稗草水稻处理为对照,研究不同稗草对水稻生长发育和产量的影响.结果表明：与对照相比,不同稗草对水稻的干扰表现不同,T₁、T₂、T₃处理使籼稻产量分别下降19.2%、10.8%、21.9%,使粳稻产量分别下降39.7%、25.3%、47.3%,但T₄处理对2个水稻品种的产量均无显著影响.水稻和稗草共生过程中,T₁、T₂和T₃处理显著降低了水稻成熟期的干物质积累量及灌浆期的剑叶光合速率、根系氧化力和籽粒ATP酶活性,降低幅度为T₃>T₁>T₂,T₄处理与对照差异不显著;各处理对水稻最终分蘖数和株高均无显著影响.表明4种稗草对水稻生长的影响由强到弱表现为：T₃>T₁>T₂>T₄,稻 稗共生时水稻剑叶光合速率、根系氧化力和籽粒ATP酶活性降低是导致水稻生产力下降的重要原因.     

转基因抗虫棉农艺性状和纤维品质的遗传多样性

本研究以国内育成和国外引进的52份转基因抗虫棉品种(系)为材料,在河北农业大学棉花育种圃种植,调查农艺性状、测定纤维品质,基于农艺性状和纤维品质分析供试品种(系)的遗传多样性.结果表明:在9个农艺性状中,烂铃数的变异系数最大,其次为产量、有效铃数和第一果枝节位高度,变异系数最小的是衣分和果枝数.转基因抗虫棉品种纤维长度基本能够满足纺织工业需求,2.5%跨长主要集中在28～30mm;纤维比强度平均值为27.1cN/tex,变幅为23.0～31.6cN/tex;马克隆值的平均值为4.8,变幅为4.0～5.6.成对品种的欧氏距离变化在1.53～13.31之间,平均值为4.79,单一品种欧氏距离的平均值分布在3.62～10.51之间,表明不同品种之间具有一定的差异.采用离差平方和法对欧氏距离进行聚类,可以将供试品种明显地划分为2类,一类为中熟品种,另一类为早熟品种.     

水分调控对南疆地区不同熟性苹果农艺特性的影响

本文通过分析不同熟期苹果农艺特性和产量品质的差异性，探讨了水分调控在南疆地区苹果种植中的主导作用，为制定不同品种苹果的灌溉制度提供理论依据。试验于2020年和2021年在阿拉尔市十团矮砧密植苹果园开展，供试品种分别为5年和6年的“皇家嘎啦”和“富士”,设置了5个灌水定额(13.5 mm(W₁)、18 mm(W₂)、22.5 mm(W₃)、27 mm(W₄)和31.5 mm(W₅)),测定了不同灌水定额条件下的苹果农艺性状、耗水特性、产量及品质等评价指标。结果表明：灌水定额对苹果新梢和果径影响差异显著，随着灌水定额的增加新梢长度增大，但却抑制了果实果径的生长；对于不同熟期苹果，各物候期耗水量和作物系数依次为果实膨大期>果实成熟期>开花坐果期，在果实膨大期达到峰值；不同灌水处理下，富士W₃处理、嘎啦W₄处理产量最高；水分利用效率均以W₃处理最优；富士与嘎啦W₁处理的果实硬度、淀粉指数...     

水分和氮源类型对小麦根际土壤酶活性和氮素利用效率的影响

本研究以‘郑麦366'(强筋)和‘百农207'(中筋)两个小麦品种为试验材料,分别在全生育期不灌水(W₁)和拔节+抽穗灌两水(W₂)条件下,研究了氯化铵(NT₁)、硝酸钙(NT₂)、尿素(NT₃)和硝酸铵钙(NT₄)4种氮源类型对小麦土壤供氮能力、产量和氮素利用效率的影响,以期为小麦高产高效生产提供理论和技术支撑。结果表明: 1)随着土层深度的增加,开花期土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量呈下降趋势。在W₂条件下,0～60 cm土层铵态氮、硝态氮含量,根际土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均低于相应W₁条件下,其中强筋小麦郑麦366平均分别下降10.0%、13.3%、7.5%、2.8%和3.9%。2)两个小麦品种0～60 cm土层铵态氮含量均表现为在NT₁和NT₃处理下显著高于其他处理;而硝态氮含量则在NT₂和NT₃处理下显著高于其他处理。与NT₁和NT₂处理相比,NT₃和NT₄提高了灌浆中、后期土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性。3)两个小麦品种在NT₃和NT₄处理下籽粒产量和氮素利用效率较高;其中在W₂条件下,郑麦366在NT₃和NT₄处理下的产量较NT₁处理分别增加14.9%和20.7%,NUE分别增加25.6%和13.9%。4)相关分析结果表明, 0～20 cm土壤硝态氮含量、20～40 cm土壤铵态氮含量分别与小麦产量、氮素利用效率呈显著正相关。两种水分条件下,施用尿素和硝酸铵钙均提高了灌浆中、后期根际土壤酶活性,有利于籽粒产量和氮素利用效率的提高。     

高温下喷施水杨酸和磷酸二氢钾对中稻生理特征和产量的影响

为探寻减轻水稻抽穗开花期高温热害的技术途径,以3个籼型杂交稻品种为材料,于2017—2018年在江西省吉安县、余干县、南昌县进行田间试验.在抽穗开花期自然高温下,设置叶面喷施5个不同浓度的水杨酸(SA)处理(SA₁～SA₅分别为100、500、1000、1500、2000 μmol·L^-1)和5个不同浓度的磷酸二氢钾(KH₂PO₄)处理(K₁～K₅分别为7.35、14.70、22.05、29.40、36.75 mmol·L^-1),并以叶面喷施蒸馏水为对照(CK),分析中稻生理特征和产量.结果表明: 与对照相比,SA处理和KH₂PO₄处理分别降低了剑叶丙二醛含量,提高了叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性,其中SA₂和K₃处理效果最好.SA₂、SA₃和K₃、K₄处理提高了水稻穗粒数、结实率和产量,其中SA₂和K₃处理效果显著,与对照相比,SA₂处理分别使穗粒数、结实率和产量增加了7.0%、4.0%和11.9%,K₃处理增加了3.9%、4.7%和6.6%.抽穗开花期高温下,采取叶面喷施500 μmol·L^-1 SA或22.05 mmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄的技术措施可显著提高中稻产量.     

CO2浓度升高和降水增加协同作用对玉米产量及生长发育的影响

关于[CO₂]升高和降水变化等多因子共同作用对植物的影响报道较少, 制约着人们对植物对全球气候变化响应的认识和预测。玉米(Zea mays)作为重要的C₄植物, 受[CO₂]和降水影响显著, 但鲜有[CO₂]升高和降水增加协同作用对其产量及生长发育影响的报道。该研究利用开顶式生长箱模拟[CO₂]升高(390 (环境)、450和550 μmol·mol^-1), 降水增加量设置为增加自然降水量的15% (以试验地锦州1981-2010年6至8月月平均降水量为基准), 从而形成6个处理: C₅₅₀W_+15%、C₅₅₀W₀、C₄₅₀W_+15%、C₄₅₀W₀、C₃₉₀W_+15%和C₃₉₀W₀。试验材料选用玉米品种‘丹玉39’。结果表明: [CO₂]升高和降水增加的协同作用在玉米的籽粒产量和生物产量上均达到了显著水平(p< 0.05), 二因子均起正作用, 使籽粒产量和生物产量均升高。籽粒产量在[CO₂] 390、450和550 μmol·mol^-1水平下的降水增加处理较自然降水处理分别增加15.94%、9.95%和9.45%, 而生物产量分别增加13.06%、8.13%和6.49%。因为籽粒产量的增幅略大于生物产量的增幅, 所以促进了经济系数的升高。穗部性状变化显著, 其中, 穗粒数、穗粒重、穗长和穗粗等性状值均随[CO₂]升高而升高, 且各[CO₂]水平下均表现为降水增加处理>自然降水处理, 而瘪粒数相反。但是, [CO₂]升高和降水增加的协同作用也促进了轴粗的升高, 对玉米产量的增加起着限制作用。二因子协同作用在净光合速率(P_n)和叶面积上达到了极显著水平(p< 0.01), 而在株高和干物质积累量上达到了显著水平(p< 0.05)。二因子协同作用使玉米叶片的P_n升高, 植株高度升高, 穗位高升高, 茎粗增加, 叶面积变大, 从而促进了干物质积累量的升高, 为玉米增产打下了良好的基础。这表明: 在未来[CO₂]升高条件下, 一定程度的降水增加对玉米的产量具有正向促进作用。     

滴灌频率和灌水量对榆林沙土马铃薯产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响

针对陕北榆林沙土马铃薯农田灌溉不合理的问题,采用滴灌水肥一体化技术,设置4 d(D₁)、8 d(D₂)和10 d(D₃)3个滴灌频率及60%ET_c(W₁,ET_c为作物需水量)、80%ET_c(W₂)和100%ET_c(W₃) 3个灌水量水平,共9个处理,在生育期内对马铃薯生长、产量和品质等指标进行观测,分析马铃薯各指标对不同灌水处理的响应规律.结果表明: 同一滴灌频率下,W₃处理的株高、叶面积指数、干物质、产量和经济效益高于W₁和W₂处理;W₁处理的灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)最高,而水分利用效率受灌水量的影响不显著;W₃处理下产量达43442 kg·hm^-2,比W₁和W₂处理分别高23.3%和11.6%;W₃处理下纯收益达23492元·hm^-2,比W₁和W₂分别高40.4%和18.7%;W₃处理的块茎淀粉和维生素C含量最大,还原糖含量最小,分别为14.4%、18.54 mg·(100 g)^-1 FW和0.7%.相同灌水量下,低、中灌水水平下D₁处理的产量、IWUE、淀粉和维生素C含量最高,还原糖含量最低;高灌水水平下D₂处理的产量、IWUE、纯收益、淀粉和维生素C含量最高,还原糖含量最低,分别为46572 kg·hm^-2、23.04 kg·m^-3、26622元·hm^-2、14.6%、19.53 mg·(100 g)^-1 FW和0.7%.从滴灌频率和灌水量的交互作用来看,D₂W₃的产量和品质均达到最高;主成分分析法得出D₂W₃处理得分最高.因此,D₂W₃(8 d,100%ET_c)处理高产优质,且水分利用效率较高,为最佳滴灌频率和灌水量.研究结果可为陕北榆林沙土马铃薯高产高效优质生产中灌溉制度的制定提供依据.     

施氮量对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和营养品质的影响

合理施氮可显著提高夏玉米籽粒灌浆速率,增加产量,改善品质.本试验以登海518(DH518)和郑单958(ZD958)为供试材料,大田条件下设置不施氮(N₀)、少量施氮(N₁,129kg N·hm^-2)、适量施氮(N₂,184.5 kg N·hm^-2)和过量施氮(N₃,300 kg N·hm^-2)4个施氮量处理,研究施氮量对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和籽粒品质的影响.结果表明:不施氮处理玉米的籽粒灌浆受抑制,粒重减小,产量显著降低;随着施氮量增加,两品种的籽粒平均灌浆速率增加,粒重和产量显著增加,N₁处理较N₀增产16.4%～57.2%,N₂处理较N₀增产35.8%～65.1%.N₀处理的籽粒粗蛋白、可溶性糖和总淀粉含量及支链/直链淀粉(支/直)降低,粗脂肪含量增加;DH518品种N₂处理较N₀、N₁处理的粗蛋白、可溶性糖和总淀粉含量分别增加32.5%、6.5%,19.9%、9.5%和8.9%、5.2%,且支/直升高;ZD958品种N₂处理较N₀、N₁处理的粗蛋白、可溶性糖和总淀粉含量分别增加16.9%、7.8%,30.5%、14.8%和11.5%、5.7%,支/直升高;两品种N₂处理的粗脂肪含量较N₀和N₁降低4.8%～12.3%.但是,过量施氮(N₃)较N₂处理夏玉米产量降低,籽粒品质下降.可见,合理施氮可促进夏玉米籽粒灌浆,增加粒重,提高产量,改善品质.     

海涂土壤结构改良对水稻叶绿素荧光参数和产量的影响

为探索添加生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)改良海涂围垦区土壤结构对水稻叶片叶绿素荧光特性和产量的影响,开展测坑栽培试验.试验供试土壤分别设置3个水平生物炭(0%、2%、5%,分别表示为B₁、B₂和B₃,占表层0~20 cm土重比)和PAM(0‰、0.4‰、1‰,分别表示为P₁、P₂和P₃,占表层0~20 cm土重比)添加量处理.3年试验结果表明: 添加适宜生物炭和PAM有利于改善水稻叶片荧光特性,而高浓度生物碳和PAM对其影响不明显,甚至出现抑制现象.各生育期水稻叶片最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)、实际量子产量(Φ_PSⅡ)、光化学淬灭(q_P)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)均在B₂P₂组合处理下达到峰值.生物炭添加量处理间水稻叶片叶绿素量(SPAD值)无明显差异,而PAM添加量不同导致水稻叶片SPAD值差异显著,添加0.4‰PAM(P₂)下水稻叶片SPAD值最高.添加生物炭和PAM改良盐渍土对水稻产量影响显著,在B₂P₂组合处理下产量最高,达到7236 kg·hm^-2;与对照组(B₁P₁)相比,产量提高了28.5%.添加生物炭和PAM改良海涂盐渍土对水稻产量的影响主要是通过对水稻千粒重、每穴穗数、每穗粒数和结实率的影响而实现的.添加适量生物炭和PAM改良滩涂围垦区土壤结构有利于提高水稻叶绿素荧光特性和产量.     

Control of resistant pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) by transgenic cotton that produces Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry2Ab

Crops genetically engineered to produce Bacillus thuringiensis toxins for insect control can reduce use of conventional insecticides, but insect resistance could limit the success of this technology. The first generation of transgenic cotton with B. thuringiensis produces a single toxin, Cry1Ac, that is highly effective against susceptible larvae of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), a major cotton pest. To counter potential problems with resistance, second-generation transgenic cotton that produces B. thuringiensis toxin Cry2Ab alone or in combination with Cry1Ac has been developed. In greenhouse bioassays, a pink bollworm strain selected in the laboratory for resistance to Cry1Ac survived equally well on transgenic cotton with Cry1Ac and on cotton without Cry1Ac. In contrast, Cry1Ac-resistant pink bollworm had little or no survival on second-generation transgenic cotton with Cry2Ab alone or with Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab. Artificial diet bioassays showed that resistance to Cry1Ac did not confer strong cross-resistance to Cry2Aa. Strains with >90% larval survival on diet with 10 microg of Cry1Ac per ml showed 0% survival on diet with 3.2 or 10 microg of Cry2Aa per ml. However, the average survival of larvae fed a diet with 1 microg of Cry2Aa per ml was higher for Cry1Ac-resistant strains (2 to 10%) than for susceptible strains (0%). If plants with Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab are deployed while genes that confer resistance to each of these toxins are rare, and if the inheritance of resistance to both toxins is recessive, the efficacy of transgenic cotton might be greatly extended.     

不同抗虫遗传背景对棉花经济性状的影响

为培育高产、优质、抗病虫的棉花新品种,本实验以一组转基因抗虫棉为材料,对不同类型抗虫棉的经济性状,农艺性状,早熟性,抗红铃虫和抗黄萎病进行了研究。结果表明,转(Bt CpTI)基因抗虫杂交棉新组合667表现为高产,纤维品质优良,高抗红铃虫、耐黄萎病,综合性状好。在参试材料中,双价抗虫棉优于单价(Bt)抗虫棉;杂交抗虫棉优于常规抗虫棉。利用外源抗虫基因转导的棉花新材料为杂交亲本,可以培育出丰产优质的高抗虫的棉花新品种。     

Control of Resistant Pink Bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) by Transgenic Cotton That Produces Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin Cry2Ab

Crops genetically engineered to produce Bacillus thuringiensis toxins for insect control can reduce use of conventional insecticides, but insect resistance could limit the success of this technology. The first generation of transgenic cotton with B. thuringiensis produces a single toxin, Cry1Ac, that is highly effective against susceptible larvae of pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), a major cotton pest. To counter potential problems with resistance, second-generation transgenic cotton that produces B. thuringiensis toxin Cry2Ab alone or in combination with Cry1Ac has been developed. In greenhouse bioassays, a pink bollworm strain selected in the laboratory for resistance to Cry1Ac survived equally well on transgenic cotton with Cry1Ac and on cotton without Cry1Ac. In contrast, Cry1Ac-resistant pink bollworm had little or no survival on second-generation transgenic cotton with Cry2Ab alone or with Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab. Artificial diet bioassays showed that resistance to Cry1Ac did not confer strong cross-resistance to Cry2Aa. Strains with >90% larval survival on diet with 10 μg of Cry1Ac per ml showed 0% survival on diet with 3.2 or 10 μg of Cry2Aa per ml. However, the average survival of larvae fed a diet with 1 μg of Cry2Aa per ml was higher for Cry1Ac-resistant strains (2 to 10%) than for susceptible strains (0%). If plants with Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab are deployed while genes that confer resistance to each of these toxins are rare, and if the inheritance of resistance to both toxins is recessive, the efficacy of transgenic cotton might be greatly extended.     

Similar genetic basis of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in Boll-selected and diet-selected strains of pink bollworm

Genetically engineered cotton and corn plants producing insecticidal Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins kill some key insect pests. Yet, evolution of resistance by pests threatens long-term insect control by these transgenic Bt crops. We compared the genetic basis of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in two independently derived, laboratory-selected strains of a major cotton pest, the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella [Saunders]). The Arizona pooled resistant strain (AZP-R) was started with pink bollworm from 10 field populations and selected with Cry1Ac in diet. The Bt4R resistant strain was started with a long-term susceptible laboratory strain and selected first with Bt cotton bolls and later with Cry1Ac in diet. Previous work showed that AZP-R had three recessive mutations (r1, r2, and r3) in the pink bollworm cadherin gene (PgCad1) linked with resistance to Cry1Ac and Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac. Here we report that inheritance of resistance to a diagnostic concentration of Cry1Ac was recessive in Bt4R. In interstrain complementation tests for allelism, F(1) progeny from crosses between AZP-R and Bt4R were resistant to Cry1Ac, indicating a shared resistance locus in the two strains. Molecular analysis of the Bt4R cadherin gene identified a novel 15-bp deletion (r4) predicted to cause the loss of five amino acids upstream of the Cry1Ac-binding region of the cadherin protein. Four recessive mutations in PgCad1 are now implicated in resistance in five different strains, showing that mutations in cadherin are the primary mechanism of resistance to Cry1Ac in laboratory-selected strains of pink bollworm from Arizona.     

转基因玉米2HVB5的性状鉴定及遗传稳定性分析

为了明确转基因玉米2HVB5的目标性状及遗传稳定性,对回交转育郑58的BC₅S₁、BC₅S₂代转基因玉米2HVB5分别进行了Southern blot、ELISA、室内和田间生物活性测定、靶标除草剂草铵膦耐受性分析及农艺性状调查。结果显示,2HVB5中目的基因cry2Ah-vp和bar都是以单拷贝的形式整合到玉米基因组并稳定遗传,Cry2Ah-vp和PAT蛋白在2HVB5植株的不同时期、不同组织部位均有表达,其中在叶片中的表达量相对较高,分别达到2-3.5 μg/g FW（鲜重）和8-17 μg/g FW（鲜重）。室内生物活性检测结果表明,2HVB5转基因玉米对东方粘虫和棉铃虫有很高的抗性,接虫后4-5 d幼虫死亡率达100%,对草地贪夜蛾有明显的体重抑制。田间抗虫性鉴定结果也表明,2HVB5转基因玉米对东方粘虫和棉铃虫均达到高抗水平,平均抗性级别分别为1.19-1.29和0.60-0.73。2HVB5转基因玉米可耐受田间使用中剂量4倍量的草铵膦,农艺性状与对照郑58相比无显著差异。转基因玉米2HVB5遗传稳定,高抗虫耐除草剂,可用于玉米害虫尤其是夜蛾科害虫的防治,具有产业化应用前景。     

Transgenic ice nucleation-active Enterobacter cloacae reduces cold hardiness of corn borer and cotton bollworm larvae

The ice nucleation (IN) gene iceA of Erwinia ananas 110 was integrated into the chromosomes of two Enterobacter cloacae strains (Enc1.2022 and Enc1.181). These two newly derived transgenic strains, designated Enc2022-I and Enc181-I, respectively, possessed ice nucleation activity at -2.5 degrees C, significantly higher than their parent strains (active at approx -10 degrees C or lower). After ingesting these transgenic bacteria, the mean supercooling points (SCPs) of corn borer and cotton bollworm larvae were -3 to -4 degrees C, significantly higher than those of untreated controls. The SCPs remained significantly elevated over the 9-day period after ingestion, which matched well with the efficient gut colonization of the bacteria during this period. All treated larvae froze and eventually died after exposure for 6 h to a temperature of -7 degrees C, and more than 95% died after 12 h at -5 degrees C. In contrast, few or none of the untreated control larvae froze and died under the same conditions. Furthermore, the growth ability of these transgenic ice nucleation-active (INA) En. cloacae strains on corn leaves was reduced, compared to that of wild-type epiphytic E. ananas, as revealed by pot tests conducted in both greenhouse and outdoor conditions. The stable colonization in insect guts and their lower affinity to plants would make these transgenic INA bacteria useful as a novel tool for biological control of insect pests in agricultural fields.     

胚轴切断法诱导棉株对棉铃虫生长发育的影响

通过室内饲喂棉铃虫的方法,测定了诱导棉株对棉铃虫幼虫发育历期、幼虫体重和肾重的影响。结果表明,不加菌处理和加菌处理的诱导抗性棉株可分别使棉铃虫幼虫发育历期延长０．５和３ｄ,幼虫体重（５龄）降低１１．４５％和１９．６０％,蛹重降低６．５４％和１０．８１％。用诱导棉株叶片饲养８日龄棉铃虫幼虫３天后,菌诱导和无菌诱导分别使棉铃虫的相对生长率降低２２．９％和１７．２％,相对取食量降低２６．１％和２１．４％     

神经敏感性的降低是棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯抗药性的重要机制

用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜的染色观察,研究了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigeraHubner 3龄幼虫腹部神经一肌肉的分布,表明其腹纵肌细胞适合于作电生理细胞内记录。用电生理细胞内微电极记录法研究了棉铃虫三个品系：对照品系、功夫菊酯抗性品系(Cy-R,抗性指数13.4)和氰戊菊酯抗性品系(Fn-R,抗性指数37.9)的3龄幼虫神经一肌肉材料对相应杀虫剂的神经敏感性。结果表明：用10^-6mol/L的功夫菊酯处理Cy-R,在30min内有40%的个体对药剂无反应,另外60%的个体产生反应所需的时间是对照品系的3.5倍。用10^-6mol/L的氰戊菊酯处理Fn-R,在30min内有47%的个体对药剂无反应,另外53%的个体产生反应所需的时间是对照品系的4.2倍。这些结果说明神经敏感性降低是棉铃虫对拟除虫菊酯抗药性的重要机制。     

Insect resistance management for Syngenta's VipCot transgenic cotton

Syngenta is seeking commercial registration for VipCot cotton, a pyramided transgenic cotton trait that expresses two insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3A and Cry1Ab. Both proteins are highly effective against two key cotton pests, Helicoverpa zea cotton bollworm; and Heliothis virescens, tobacco budworm. To investigate the role of VipCot cotton in delaying the development of resistance in these pests to transgenic Bt traits, Syngenta has performed studies to determine the dose of proteins expressed in VipCot and evaluate the potential for cross-resistance between the component proteins. Following United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) high dose methods 1 and 4, VipCot was shown to express a high dose of proteins for H. zea and H. virescens. VipCot was also confirmed to express a high dose of proteins for H. zea through US EPA Method 5. Additionally, all the data collected to date verify a lack of cross-resistance between Vip3A and Cry proteins. These two key pieces of information indicate that VipCot cotton should be very durable under the currently mandated high dose plus refuge insect resistance management strategy.