高产碱性果胶酶基因工程菌的发酵条件的优化

为了提高碱性果胶酶基因工程菌(pWB980-pel521/WB600)产酶能力,实验室在摇瓶条件下采用Plackett-Burman (P-B) 方法筛选出对产酶有重要影响的3个因素(豆饼粉、磷酸盐以及氯化钠的添加量),并采用响应面试验设计(RSM) 对重要因素进行优化.结果表明,摇瓶发酵培养基成分为:麸皮30.00 ...     

响应面法优化酿酒酵母产油脂条件

运用响应面法对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)产油脂以及发酵条件优化进行了研究。首先根据单因素实验结果,利用Plackett-Burman设计对影响其产油脂相关因素进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素:柠檬酸,CaCl2和初始pH值。接着用最陡爬坡试验逼近以上3个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box-Behnken设计以及响应面分析法,确定其优化后发酵条件为(w/v):葡萄糖15%,蛋白胨0.2%,酵母浸粉0.4%,柠檬酸0.471%,MgSO4·7H2O0.1%,ZnSO4·7H2O0.2%,CaCl20.025%,FeSO4·7H2O0.005%,初始pH值为6.74,180r/min,30°C培养96h。优化后的油脂产率(干重)达到14.55%,比在种子培养基中油脂产率4.76%提高了2倍左右。     

毛栓菌(Tramets trogii)液体培养产漆酶的研究

实验研究了碳源、氮源和综合因素对毛栓菌(Tramets trogii)液体培养产漆酶和生长情况的影响。碳源为玉米面、氮源为豆饼粉时,菌株的产漆酶酶活最高;碳源为可溶性淀粉,氮源为麦麸时,对菌株的生长有利;在液体条件下,菌株产漆酶的最佳培养基组成为玉米面3.5%,豆饼粉4.0%,KH2PO40.3%,MgSO40.15%,VB10.04%。     

响应面法优化枯草芽孢杆菌产脂肪酶的合成培养基

对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)CICC20034利用合成培养基液体发酵产脂肪酶的条件进行了优化。首先采用单因子实验筛选出最适诱导剂为三丁酸甘油酯,氮源为尿素,碳源为葡萄糖,无机盐为MgSO4。在此基础上,利用Plackett-Burman设计对影响产酶因素的效应进行评价,筛选出具有显著效应的三丁酸甘油酯、尿素、KH2PO4和培养基起始pH值4个最显著的因素。用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大产酶区域后,利用响应面中心组合设计对显著因素进行优化,获得最适合成培养基组分为:葡萄糖8g/L,尿素8.57g/L,三丁酸甘油酯2.62%,KH2PO42.59g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.5g/L,TritonX-1000.5g/L,pH9.47。优化后的B.subtilis CICC 20034胞外脂肪酶活力达0.483U/ml,比初始酶活力0.072U/ml提高了6.7倍。     

响应面法优化类芽胞杆菌HB172198产褐藻胶裂解酶发酵培养基

为了提高类芽胞杆菌新种HB172198产褐藻胶裂解酶活力,本研究采用响应面法对该菌株液体发酵培养基进行了优化实验。在单因素实验和Plackett-Burman试验筛选出海藻酸钠、胰蛋白胨、NaCl、MgSO4·7H2O等4个显著影响产酶因素的基础上,通过Box-Behnken设计及响应面法进行回归分析,得出产褐藻胶裂解酶最佳发酵培养基,其成分为:海藻酸钠7.50 g/L、胰蛋白胨13.57 g/L、NaCl 29.75 g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.08 g/L。优化条件下该菌株最大酶活性达14.60 U/mL,是优化前的1.87倍。本研究为菌株HB172198产褐藻胶裂解酶的大规模生产和工业应用提供了重要的理论依据。     

响应面法优化赖氨酸脱羧酶产酶培养基

目的:对蜂房哈夫尼菌产L-赖氨酸脱羧酶培养基进行优化.方法:采用响应面优化的方法.首先单因素实验得到最适培养基成分为:葡萄糖2%,酵母膏2%,MsSO40.03%,KH2PO40.01%,NaCl 0.3%,L-赖氨酸0.5%,维生素B6 0.1%,玉米浆4%,酶活达到180.85U/mL.在此基础上,用PB试验筛选出对酶活影响显著的3个因素(葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆),再通过Box-behnken实验对这三个因素进行优化.结果:得到产酶最佳培养基为葡萄糖1.84%,酵母膏2.20%,玉米浆3.66%,MgSO40.03%,K2HPO4 0.01%,NaCl 0.3%,L-赖氨酸0.5%,维生素B60.1%.结论:响应面优化的方法使酶活达到203.14U/mL,比优化前的比酶活(7.03U/ML)提高28.9倍,在单因素的基础上提高了11.3%.     

石油降解菌多食鞘氨醇杆菌的发酵条件优化

多食鞘氨醇杆菌SWH-2是一株对石油具有较高降解活性的细菌,笔者对其产菌的发酵条件进行了初步的优化.通过单因素筛选和均匀设计优化得到发酵的最适培养基为:MgSO4.·7H20 0.5%,NaCl 0.5%,3%豆粕粉.最佳发酵条件为:初始pH7.0～7.2,发酵温度25℃,摇床转速220r/min,发酵时间21～22h.按此优化条件进行试验,获得了635X 108cfu/mL的活菌体数.图4、表5、参10.     

Response surface methodology for optimization of Mucor fermentation medium

采用响应面分析方法优化毛霉菌B的发酵培养基,首先通过单因素试验筛选出葡萄糖为最适碳源,酵母膏和玉米浆为最适氮源,用Plackett-Burman试验对葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆、MgSO4、FeSO4、NH4Cl、K2 HPO4进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素:葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆,再通过最陡爬坡试验逼近其最大响应区域,最后采用Box-Behnken试验对其用量进行优化,得到毛霉菌最佳发酵培养基(g/L):葡萄糖51.54,酵母膏5.22,玉米浆14.31,MgSO4 0.5,FeSO40.1,NH4Cl3,K2HPO43,pH 6.0～6.5.培养基优化后,毛霉生物量由23.51 g/L提高至31.13g/L,比对照组提高32.41％,腺嘌呤转化率由53.59％提高至59.97％,ATP产率由6.56 g/L提高至7.34g/L,比对照组提高11.89％.     

枯草芽孢杆菌突变株XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶发酵条件优化

通过单因素实验和响应面分析对枯草芽孢杆菌XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶的发酵产酶条件进行优化,实验结果表明:(1)种子最佳接种时间为对数后期(种龄20 h);(2)玉米粉和豆饼粉为发酵培养的最佳碳氮源;(3)通过对C/N(玉米粉:豆饼粉)、接种量和发酵液初始p H值这3个关键因素进行三因素三水平的响应面实验设计,优化得枯草芽孢杆菌XLG-51产中温α-淀粉酶的最优发酵条件为:C/N为3.76∶1,接种量为10.46%,初始发酵p H为6.54。经过三批次发酵实验验证,最优条件下产酶活性提高至6 897 U/m L,发酵周期缩短至66 h,生产强度达到104.5 U/(m L·h),较优化前提高27.3%。     

Optimization of fermentation medium for amidase production by response surface methodology

采用响应面分析方法,对阿萨希丝孢酵母(Trichosporon asahii)ZZB-1产酰胺酶的发酵培养基进行了优化.运用单因子试验筛选出麦芽糖和酵母浸膏为最适碳源、氮源,金属离子Ca2+、Mn2+可提高发酵酰胺酶产量;通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法,确定产酰胺酶最佳发酵培养基为麦芽糖18.84 g/L、酵母浸膏9.55 g/L、NaCl 5g/L、KH2 PO41g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L、FeSO40.001g/L、CaCO370.84 μmol/L、MnSO4 65.39 μmol/L(1％丙烯酸诱导),NH4·H2O调节pH至7.0.培养基优化后酰胺酶产量由初始2554U/L提高到4156 U/L,为原始发酵培养基配方酶活产量的1.63倍.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism