一株甲基对硫磷降解菌-布朗克假丝酵母JMUPMD-1的分离与鉴定

对一株新分离的、能以甲基对硫磷为唯一磷源生长的菌株JMUPMD-1,利用形态特征观察和生理生化特性,及结合rDNA ITS分子序列分析对JMUPMD-1进行鉴定;采用气相色谱法检测培养过程中甲基对硫磷浓度的变化,确定甲基对硫磷降解速率。该菌株的rDNA ITS序列与布朗克假丝酵母（Candida blankii）的同源性为99％。形态特征和生理生化特性与布朗克假丝酵母相符合,因此鉴定为布朗克假丝酵母。以350μg／L甲基对硫磷为唯一磷源和350μg／L甲基对硫磷及1g／L K2HPO4组成的混合磷源培养该菌株,测得该菌株的降解率为48．6％。该菌株的胞内提取液具有明显的甲基对硫磷降解酶活性。     

无机磷分解菌BL-11的鉴定及其解磷能力研究

研究了解磷菌株BL-11的菌体形态、生理生化特性,结合该菌的16SrDNA序列分析结果,将菌株BL-11鉴定为侧孢短芽孢杆菌。菌株BL-11在以Ca3(PO4)2为唯一磷源的培养液中的可溶性磷得率为10.91%;在以砂子为唯一磷源的培养液中,可溶性磷得率为1.56%。分解Ca3(PO4)2的最佳条件为30℃,180r/min,pH7-8;最佳培养基配方为蔗糖20g/L,(NH4)2HCO30.3g/L,MgSO4.7H2O0.5g/L,NaCl0.3g/L,KCl0.5g/L,FeSO40.03g/L,MnSO4.H2O0.03g/L。     

1株高产多糖红曲霉菌株的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

从市售红曲米和红腐乳中分离纯化得到56株红曲霉菌株,通过摇瓶发酵试验筛选出1株胞外多糖产量为4.73 g/L的红曲霉菌株M-6;依据形态特征、生理生化特征和ITS序列将菌株M-6鉴定为红色红曲霉（Monascus rubber）。并对其部分生物学特性进行了研究。     

食源米曲霉菌株的分离及其降解高效氯氰菊酯和3-苯氧基苯甲酸的特性研究

【目的】通过研究不同食源米曲霉菌株对高效氯氰菊酯(beta-cypermethrin,β-CP)及其必经代谢产物3-苯氧基苯甲酸(3-phenoxybenzoic acid,3-PBA)的降解特性,了解不同菌株的降解共性及差异性,为农副产品和发酵食品的农残减除提供理论基础和食品用安全微生物资源。【方法】以发酵食品为菌源,通过形态学鉴定、ITS测序和菌株产黄曲霉毒素B1 (AFB1)的测定筛选鉴定米曲霉菌株,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)、液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)对米曲霉模式菌株RIB40 (保藏编号:ATCC 42149)、米曲霉M4 (保藏编号:CGMCC 11645)和鉴定获得的米曲霉菌株的β-CP和3-PBA降解特性进行研究。【结果】鉴定获得15株不产AFB1的食源米曲霉,17株米曲霉在马铃薯液体培养基(PD)中振荡培养5d,对50mg/L的β-CP降解率为19.33%-50.29%不等,检测到降解产物3-PBA,对50 mg/L的3-PBA降解率为45.59%-99.67%不等;分别在添加50 mg/Lβ-CP和3-PBA的无机盐培养基(MM)中振荡培养5 d,米曲霉菌株均未生长,对β-CP和3-PBA无降解;在富集培养基(GM)中振荡培养2 d,对100 mg/L的3-PBA转化或降解率为69.28%-99.58%不等,检测到3-苯氧基苄醇(3-PBlc)和羟基-3-苯氧基苯甲酸(HO-3-PBA)。【结论】食源米曲霉具有共代谢降解β-CP和3-PBA的共性,3-PBA为β-CP降解中间产物,米曲霉对3-PBA普遍具有较高的降解率。在3-PBA降解初期,米曲霉可将其短暂还原生成毒性相对较低的3-PBlc,同时,3-PBA逐渐羟基化生成水溶性更强的HO-3-PBA参与下游降解。     

一株苯酚降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其降解特性

本研究采用逐量分批驯化的方法,从造纸废水中分离得到一株能够以苯酚为唯一碳源生长的苯酚降解菌株F5-1.经形态观察、生理生化特性鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为克雷伯菌(Klebsie-lla sp.).该菌株能够在7 h时完全降解初始浓度为100 mg/L的苯酚,降解苯酚主要发生在生长对数期;在pH 5.0～9.0,NaCl浓度0～80 g/L,温度20～40℃范围内,菌株F5-1均可有效降解初始浓度为100～1 200 mg/L的苯酚;能够耐受的最大苯酚浓度为1 500 mg/L.本研究结果表明,F5-1菌株对处理环境条件复杂的含酚废水具有潜在的应用前景.     

一株高浓度烟碱降解菌的筛选、分离和初步鉴定

采用以烟碱为唯一碳源氮源的选择培养基,从烟草和植烟土壤中分离筛选出15株高浓度烟碱降解的菌株,其中菌株D9烟碱降解能力最强,其烟碱降解率为82%,耐受烟碱的最高浓度为8 g/L。经常规形态特征、16S rDNA同源序列以及系统进化树分析,初步鉴定该菌株为类似氧化微杆菌,命名为Microbacterium sp. GYC29。本研究为微生物降解烟碱的研究及应用提供了菌种资源。     

低温氨氮降解菌的筛选及降解能力研究

目的:筛选低温高效氨氮降解菌株,探讨其脱氮能力。方法:采用富集培养和纳氏试剂平板显色法分离筛选低温高效氨氮降解菌株;通过形态与生理生化特性、16S rDNA序列分析以及BIOFOSUN微生物鉴定分析系统鉴定菌株,采用液体培养研究菌株的氨氮降解能力和反硝化能力。结果:获得1株低温高效氨氮降解菌株WSW-1001,经形态、生理生化特性、16S rDNA序列以及BIOFOSUN微生物鉴定分析系统鉴定为荧光假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)。该菌株具有较强硝化和反硝化能力,初始氨氮浓度为5 mg/L,8℃培养24 h,氨氮降解率71.7%,无亚硝酸盐积累。结论:菌株WSW-1001低温氨氮降解能力较强,具有潜在应用价值。     

红树林湿地烷烃降解菌的分离筛选

从受石油污染的红树林湿地土样中分离筛选对烷烃具较高降解能力的细菌菌株, 以期应用于被石油污染滨海湿地的生物修复。采用富集培养方法, 富集、分离和筛选烷烃降解菌;观察各菌落及菌体形态特征;测试菌株Z2的生理生化特征, 并用16S rDNA序列分析方法进行该菌种鉴定。分离筛选得到Z1、Z2和Z3这3个能以正十六烷为唯一碳源生长的菌株, 其降解率依次为63.4%、82.5%和78.3%, 其中菌株Z2的降解率最高。经过形态学观察、生理生化特性实验和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定, 菌株Z2为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.)。     

一株降解DON毒素真菌的鉴定及其生理特性研究

为了对实验室已分离的1株高效降解脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇毒素(DON)的真菌(NJA-1)鉴定,对该菌进行了形态学观察以及rDNA ITS区基因序列的扩增、测定。形态学观察发现该菌属于曲霉属黑色组曲霉黑曲霉集合体。进一步分别用引物对BMB-CR和ITS2及ITS1和ITS4扩增rDNA的ITSⅠ-5.8S rDNA-ITSⅡ,得到总长为738 bp的基因序列,与GENBank中已有的基因序列比对和亲缘关系比较分析发现该菌rDNA ITS区基因序列与塔宾曲霉的同源性为100%,最终确定NJA-1为1株塔宾曲霉。菌株NJA-1 rDNA ITS区基因序列收录入GENBank,登陆号为EF178271。还对NJA-1的生长特性、炭源和氮源的利用、适宜生长的培养基pH等生理特性进行了测定,为该菌的大量培养提供数据基础。     

一株茶碱降解菌的分离和鉴定

从制药废水生物处理系统的活性污泥中经富集分离到一株能以茶碱作为唯一碳、氮源生长的茶碱降解菌Tcn3,该菌株可以利用茶碱的最高浓度为3 000 mg/L。当茶碱浓度为1000 mg/L时被彻底降解的时间仅需48 h。Tcn3菌株降解茶碱的最适pH为80。K＋是该菌株降解茶碱的必需元素。采用16S rDNA序列分析法及传统的生理生化特征鉴定法对该菌株进行鉴定,结果表明,Tcn3的16S rDNA的核苷酸序列与善变副球菌(Paracoccus versutus) ATCC 25364的同源性为997%,在细菌系统发育分类学上属于变形菌α亚类,Rhodobacter组：副球菌属,善变副球菌。     

米尔顿姬小蜂rDNA ITS1和ITS2的序列分析及其分子鉴定

本研究测定了米尔顿姬小蜂Anselmella miltoni Girault的rDNA ITS1和ITS2序列,以探讨其分子鉴定方法。米尔顿姬小蜂的ITS1和ITS2侧翼区（18S和5.8S）序列相对稳定,ITS1和ITS2序列存在种间差异。根据18S rDNA部分序列,利用DNAMAN的Maximum Likelihood方法构建了与膜翅目其它科的系统发育树。根据米尔顿姬小蜂ITS1和ITS2序列设计了特异性引物,应用特异性引物对样品进行了PCR扩增,扩增效果理想,采用上述特异性引物可从单头米尔顿姬小蜂稳定地扩增出明显的目的DNA条带。因此,可以采用ITS1和ITS2区的特异性对米尔顿姬小蜂进行快速的分子鉴定。     

基于ITS条形码序列的刺桐姬小蜂分子鉴定

【目的】刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim体型小,传统的形态学鉴定方法难以快速准确识别。【方法】本研究测定了刺桐姬小蜂的rDNA ITS1和ITS2序列,根据18S rDNA部分序列,利用MEGA的最大相似法(Maximum Likehood)构建系统发育树。根据刺桐姬小蜂ITS1和ITS2序列设计了特异引物,应用特异引物对单只刺桐姬小蜂进行PCR扩增,可稳定地扩增出明显的目的DNA条带。【结果】研究表明,基于ITS基因的DNA条形码技术可以用于刺桐姬小蜂的快速准确鉴定。【结论】因此,采用ITS1和ITS2区的特异性引物可对刺桐姬小蜂进行快速分子鉴定。     

山茱萸不同栽培品种的 rDNA ITS 序列分析

为测定山茱萸（Cornus officinalis Sieb.et.Zucc.）核糖体DNA的ITS序列,对山茱萸不同栽培品种进行了ITS序列分析。通过实验筛选出一对引物,进行PCR扩增,对扩增产物提取纯化,双脱氧链终止法DNA测序。然后,利用DNAssist Version 2.0软件加手工校正确定ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列,并进行ITS序列分析。获得了山茱萸的ITS1-5.8S-ITS2完全序列,ITS1为253bp,5.8S为156bp,ITS2为273bp,总共682bp。7种果型的山茱萸其5.8S基因序列显示高度的一致性,圆柱形果型、长梨形果型、椭圆形果型和纺锤形果型的ITS区序列完全一致,短圆柱形果型在ITS1区3′端及ITS2区5′端各有1个变异位点;短梨形果型在ITS1区5′端有3个变异位点;长圆柱形果型在ITS1区有5个变异位点。结果表明,ITS序列在山茱萸种内比较保守,有的栽培品种之间有较小的差异,此研究为中药山茱萸分子鉴定提供了科学依据。     

贵州桐梓何首乌rDNA ITS序列分析

以改进的CTAB法对何首乌总基因组DNA进行提取,采用通用引物对不同来源的何首乌rDNA ITS序列进行PCR扩增、测序和序列分析.结果表明,何首乌rDNA完全序列片段长度共约652 bp,其中ITS1的长度为202 bp,5.8S的长度为161 bp,ITS2长度为232 bp,与其近缘种ITS序列间存在明显差异.其rDNA ITS序列在分子水平上为鉴别何首乌提供了参考依据.     

中药乌头及其近缘种的rDNA—ITS序列分析

运用PCR扩增产物直接测序的方法对云南、安徽的乌头及其近缘种植物的ITS区碱基序列测定。表明核糖体DNA中ITS区的完整序列（包括ITS1,ITS2和5．8s）,4种乌头属植物的ITS1序列长度为249bp,云南鸟头和安徽乌头及黄山鸟头ITS2序列长度为189bp,赣皖乌头ITS2序列长度为217bp。运用Mega2软件进行系统分析得到系统进化树。ITS序列特征是乌头鉴别的有效分子标记。     

Molecular divergence of the ssu rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 1 in Porphyra yezoensis (Rhodophyta)

Nucleotide sequences from the downstream of ssu rDNA to ITS1 region of the individual thalli of both wild-collected Porphyra yezoensis from three different sites and culture strains were determined to obtain the molecular features of strains in the P. yezoensis lineage. Wild-collected thalli identified by morphological systematics, included the individuals that were separate from the P. yezoensis lineage based on ssu rDNA and ITS1 sequence homologies and phylogenetic relationships constructed using ITS1 sequences. Ssu rDNA exon region nucleotide sequences were identical among the wild-collected and clture strains of P. yezoensis. However, all individual wild-collected P. yezoensis thalli had different ITS1 sequences, even among individuals from the same sites. Furthermore, two different ssu rDNA structures with and without an intron were found in individuals from the same site. These results indicated the possibility that the presence and sequence of introns and ITS1 sequences can be used as a characteristic to determine the origin of culture strains. Four of six culture strains examined had an identical sequence from the ssu rDNA to ITS1, while the sequences of another two strains differed. In this study, wild-collected and culture strain thalli sequences were not identical, although similar pairs were identified. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sequence-based differentiation of strains in the Mycobacterium avium complex.

The complete 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was sequenced in 35 reference strains of the Mycobacterium avium complex. Twelve distinct ITS sequences were obtained, each of which defined a "sequevar"; a sequevar consists of the strain or strains which have a particular sequence. ITS sequences were identified which corresponded to M. avium (16 strains, four ITS sequevars) and Mycobacterium intracellulare (12 strains, one ITS sequevars). The other seven M. avium complex strains had ITS sequences which varied greatly from those of M. avium and M. intracellulare and from each other. The 16S-23S rDNA ITS was much more variable than 16S rDNA, which is widely used for genus and species identification. Phylogenetic trees based on the ITS were compatible with those based on 16S rDNA but were more detailed and had longer branches. The results of ITS sequencing were consistent with the results of hybridization with M. avium and M. intracellulare probes (Gen-Probe) for 30 of 31 strains tested. Serologic testing correlated poorly with ITS sequencing. Strains with the same sequence were different serovars, and those of the same serovar had different sequences. Sequencing of the 16S-23S rDNA ITS should be useful for species and strain differentiation for a wide variety of bacteria and should be applicable to studies of epidemiology, diagnosis, virulence, and taxonomy.     

Phylogenetic position of the copepod-infesting parasite Syndinium turbo (Dinoflagellata, Syndinea)

Sequences were determined for the nuclear-encoded small subunit (SSU) rRNA and 5.8S rRNA genes as well as the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 of the parasitic dinoflagellate genus Syndinium from two different marine copepod hosts. Syndinium developed a multicellular plasmodium inside its host and at maturity free-swimming zoospores were released. Syndinium plasmodia in the copepod Paracalanus parvus produced zoospores of three different morphological types. However, full SSU rDNA sequences for the three morphotypes were 100% identical and also their ITS1-ITS2 sequences were identical except for four base pairs. It was concluded that the three morphotypes belong to a single species that was identified as Syndinium turbo, the type species of the dinoflagellate subdivision Syndinea. The SSU rDNA sequence of another Syndinium species infecting Corycaeus sp. was similar to Syndinium turbo except for three base pairs and the ITS1-ITS2 sequences of the two species differed at 34-35 positions. Phylogenetic analyses placed Syndinium as a sister taxon to the blue crab parasite Hematodinium sp. and both parasites were affiliated with the so-called marine alveolate Group II. This corroborates the hypothesis that marine alveolate Group II is Syndinea.     

从ITS序列探讨猪苓与其伴生菌的亲缘关系

对猪苓菌丝、野生猪苓子实体、野生猪苓菌核和其伴生菌的 5.8SrDNA及其两侧的ITS 1区和ITS2区进行了序列分析。发现猪苓与其伴生菌的ITS序列同源性达 99.36% ,说明猪苓与其伴生菌有着极高的分子亲缘关系。