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1.
Nattawadee Nantarat Chirasak Sutcharit Piyoros Tongkerd Jonathan Ablett Fred Naggs Somsak Panha 《ZooKeys》2014,(411):1-56
The collection of land caenogastropod snails in the genus Cyclophorus Monfort, 1810 housed in the Natural History Museum, London (NHM), includes 52 type lots. Lectotypes have been designated for 43 available species-level names to stabilize existing nomenclature, two previously designated lectotype, two holotypes, one paratype, one syntype, one possible syntype and two paralectotypes are also listed. A complete catalogue of the Cyclophorus types in NHM, London is provided for the first time. 相似文献
2.
Several patterns of feeding behaviors have been documented in benthophagous fishes. The foraging behavior of the maiden goby,
Pterogobius virgo, was studied at Kurahashi Island in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Pterogobius virgo foraged mostly on polychaetes by volume from among several available prey items by digging in the sandy bottom. The digging
behavior comprised swing of only pectoral fins or of both pectoral fins and body. Pectoral fin swing exposed the cryptic prey
within the bottom, and fins and body swing exposed the prey and washed the sediment away. The swings were repeatedly and continuously
conducted at a site during the daytime, making a pit several centimeters deep in which the fish was located. After the prey
was exposed, the fish immediately and rapidly picked up the prey. Polychaetes were abundant prey in the sediment, occurring
in the layer 3–5 cm deep from the bottom surface in the study area. In this goby, spot-fixed fin digging, the first documentation
of feeding habits in gobies, may be effective for feeding on the most valuable prey, i.e., polychaetes, which may be otherwise
unavailable for this fish.
Received: April 24, 2001 / Revised: April 26, 2002 / Accepted: May 7, 2002 相似文献
3.
4.
Polydactylus kuru (Bleeker, 1853), originally described from Jakarta, Java, Indonesia, has been regarded as a valid species. However, examination
of two syntypes of Polynemus kuru revealed their close similarity to three syntypes of Polynemus sexfilis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1831, in the synonym of which the former is herein included. Polydactylus sexfilis, which is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, is redescribed on the basis of a newly-designated lectotype and
two paralectotypes, and a wide range of non-type material. The species is characterized by six pectoral filaments, 15 or 16
pectoral fin rays, 61–67 pored lateral line scales, 8–10 scales above the lateral line, 12–14 below, 11–14 and 15–18 upper
and lower series gill rakers, respectively (27–31 total), teeth present on vomer and a long second dorsal fin ray (mean 26%
[range 21–30%] of standard length).
Received: July 7, 2000 / Revised: August 29, 2000 / Accepted: September 30, 2000 相似文献
5.
Cytological evidence for preservation of mitochondrial and plastid DNA in the mature generative cells of Chlorophytum spp. (Liliaceae) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary. Following 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining of mature pollen grains of Chlorophytum comosum, fluorescence microscopy confirmed that cytoplasmic nucleoids (DNA aggregates) were present in the generative cells, which
indicated the possibility of biparental cytoplasmic inheritance. Electron and immuno-electron microscopy showed that both
plastids and mitochondria were present in the generative cells, and both organelles contained DNA. These results indicate
that mitochondria and plastids of C. comosum have the potential for biparental inheritance. Similar results were obtained with mature pollen grains of C. chinense. Therefore, we conclude the coincident biparental inheritance for mitochondria and plastids in the members of the genus Chlorophytum.
Received June 28, 2002; accepted September 26, 2002; published online April 2, 2003
RID="*"
ID="*" Correspondence and reprints: College of Life Science, Peking University, Bejing 100871, People's Republic of China. 相似文献
6.
Ophiodothella caseariae sp. nov. from leaves of Casearia tremula in Venezuela is described and illustrated.
Received: February 19, 2002 / Accepted: April 30, 2002 相似文献
7.
The ketolide antibiotics are semi-synthetic derivatives of erythromycin A with enhanced inhibitory activity in a wide variety
of microorganisms. They have significantly lower MICs than the macrolide antibiotics for many Gram-positive organisms. Two
ketolides, telithromycin and ABT-773, were tested for growth-inhibitory effects in Haemophilus influenzae. Both antibiotics increased the growth rate and reduced the viable cell number with IC50 values of 1.5 μg/ml. Protein synthesis was inhibited in cells with a similar IC50 concentration (1.25 μg/ml). Macrolide and ketolide antibiotics have been shown to have a second equivalent target for inhibition
in cells, which is blocking the assembly of the 50S ribosomal subunit. Pulse and chase labeling assays were conducted to examine
the effect of the ketolides on subunit formation in H. influenzae. Surprisingly, both antibiotics inhibited 50S and 30S subunit assembly to the same extent, with no specific effect of the
compounds on 50S assembly. Over a range of antibiotic concentrations, 30S particle synthesis was diminished to the same extent
as 50S formation. H. influenzae cells seem to have only one significant target for these antibiotics, and this may help to explain why these drugs are not
more effective than the macrolides in preventing the growth of this microorganism.
Received: 21 February 2002 / Accepted: 30 April 2002 相似文献
8.
Cochliobolus heterostrophus Pol2 and Pol5 mutants are pleiotropic, and each mutant gene is responsible for alterations of both unrelated phenotypes: reddish-brown pigmentation
and polyoxin resistance. The three pigments accumulated in these mutants were isolated. Structural characterization by spectroscopic
analyses indicated that these three pigments were polyhydroxyanthraquinones: emodin, chrysophanol, and citreorosein. Emodin
is known to be an antidote against benzimidazole fungicide, although no antidoting activity against polyoxin was observed.
Received: February 12, 2002 / Accepted: April 27, 2002 相似文献
9.
Tricholoma matsutake isolates IFO6933 and IFO30604 have been maintained on slants for 46 and 26 years, respectively, and widely used for studies
of matsutake in vitro without any contact with potential host plants. In the present study, we demonstrate that both isolates
are able to form a typical ectomycorrhiza in association with Pinus densiflora. The result shows that T. matsutake is hardly attenuated in its symbiotic potential and that the fungal cultures maintained for years are useful in further analysis
in vitro.
Received: August 22, 2002 / Accepted: January 29, 2003 相似文献
10.
Paternal mouthbrooding bagrid catfishes in Lake Tanganyika 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article gives the first information about paternal mouthbrooding in bagrid catfishes, based on analysis of specimens
collected while SCUBA diving in Lake Tanganyika, Africa. Lophiobagrus aquilus and L. cyclurus, endemic to the lake, were nocturnally active, and in the daytime were found concealed singly or in pairs beneath rocks.
Among 39 L. aquilus and 52 L. cyclurus collected, 8 and 1 solitary males, respectively, were incubating eggs or young in the buccal cavity. Paired males and females
and solitary females never took care of the offspring. In both species, females of pairs showed much higher gonadosomatic
index values and had larger oocytes in the ovaries than did solitary females. This fact suggests that pair formation takes
place at a time near the gonadal maturation of the female and that the pair separate after spawning. We tentatively propose
an evolutionary transition route of care patterns in bagrid catfishes.
Received: January 25, 2002 / Revised: April 13, 2002 / Accepted: April 17, 2002 相似文献
11.
Extremely small animals including fishes have been reported with discussion of the causes and consequences of their miniaturization.
Here we demonstrate, for the first time, very early (i.e., 23–60 days old and 42–67 days old) sexual maturity in two groups
of gobioid fishes (Schindleria and Paedogobius, respectively) in warm water, based on the otolith increments. The generation time of Schindleria is the shortest known among vertebrates under natural conditions. We discuss the occurrence and evolutionary significance
of the progenesis found in gobioid fishes.
Received: September 27, 2001 / Revised: January 26, 2002 / Accepted: February 20, 2002 相似文献
12.
Tetsumi Takahashi 《Ichthyological Research》2002,49(3):253-259
Phylogenetic relationships among eight Trematocara species and a single Telotrematocara species included in the Tanganyikan cichlid tribe Trematocarini were investigated on the basis of morphological features.
The monophyly of the tribe is supported by the presence of hypertrophied sensory pores on the head, tendon “c” of adductor
mandibulae section 1, a single scale row between the upper lateral line and body axis, great depth of the anteriormost infraorbital
(reversed in Trematocara caparti and T. stigmaticum), and the absence of a lower lateral line. Trematocara is paraphyletic unless Telotrematocara is treated as a junior synonym.
Received: December 10, 2001 / Revised: March 18, 2002 / Accepted: April 4, 2002 相似文献
13.
Changes in the spring arrival dates of migrant birds have been reported from a range of locations and many authors have focused
on long-term trends and their relationship to temperature and other climatic events. Perhaps more importantly, changed arrival
dates may have consequences for the breeding dates of birds which strongly influence breeding success. In this paper we take
the opportunity provided by a monitoring scheme of the white stork (Ciconia ciconia) to examine several features of the timing of arrival and breeding in relation to chick production in Slovakia during the
period 1978–2002. First arrival dates ranged from 5th March to 30th April, and hatching dates varied between 26th April and 8th July. Generally, early arriving pairs started breeding earlier and a shorter interval between the arrival of the first partner
and breeding, expressed here as hatching date, resulted in higher breeding success. 相似文献
14.
Youichi Tsukamoto 《Ichthyological Research》2002,49(3):267-269
Pterothrissus
gissu is a rare albulid fish that is distributed in deep water off Japan. This fish is known to pass through a leptocephalus larval
stage, but only metamorphosed (after reaching the fully grown stage) specimens have been available. In this study, the premetamorphosis
(before fully grown stage) leptocephalus larva of P. gissu is first described from 45 specimens (117.2–194.5 mm SL) collected by a pelagic otter trawl in the Kuroshio–Oyashio transition
region of the western North Pacific in May 1995. Premetamorphosis leptocephalus larvae are characterized by having poorly
developed fin rays except for the caudal fin, a translucent body, branched melanophores beneath the eye, and punctuate melanophores
on the dorsal edge of the gut from the throat to the anus. Previously fully grown leptocephali were estimated to reach about
130 mm SL based on the size distributions of metamorphosing specimens. However, the present specimens show that fully grown
leptocephali of P. gissu exceed 180 mm SL.
Received: March 21, 2001 / Revised: March 19, 2002 / Accepted: April 15, 2002 相似文献
15.
The Food and Drug Administration has become aware of several instances where supposedly sterile medical surgical products
made of Chinese cotton have been found to contain viable Pyronema domesticum. The aim of this research was to determine the gamma and electron beam radiation resistance values for the two dormant phases
(ascospores and sclerotia) of P. domesticum. The resistance values were obtained by developing a standardized system to cultivate, purify, and harvest biological indicators
containing sclerotia or ascospores. Ascospores were more resistant to radiation than sclerotia. The D
10 values for sclerotia were 0.79 and 1.09 kGy for strains 32030 and 14881, respectively. The resistance value for wild type
ascospores was 2.83 kGy. The current standard for assuring radiation sterilization of medical devices is ISO 11137. This standard
was developed to address the propensity for highly radiation-resistant organisms such as P. domesticum. Prior to the standard, biological indicators such as Bacillus pumilus, having a nominal D
10 value or 1.7 kGy, were used to determine the sterility of many medical devices. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 29, 51–54 doi:10.1038/sj.jim.7000267
Received 09 October 2001/ Accepted in revised form 08 April 2002 相似文献
16.
Age and growth of Lestrolepis japonica (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae) in Kagoshima Bay,southern Japan
Age and growth of a paralepidid, Lestrolepis japonica, were determined from sagittal otoliths of specimens collected from April 2001 to February 2002 in Kagoshima Bay, southern
Japan. Marginal growth increments indicated that the annulus was formed once a year, in August and September. Four groups
were recognized, having none, one, two, or three annuli, respectively. Age in months was assigned to each individual on the
basis of August as the birth month. The maximum recorded age was 48 months. Growth was expressed by von Bertalanffy's equation,
L
t
= 171.91{1 − exp[−0.148(t + 0.403)]}, t being the age in months and L
t
the standard length (mm) at age t.
Received: July 15, 2002 / Revised: November 18, 2002 / Accepted: December 10, 2002 相似文献
17.
Summary. Eight analogs 4a-7a and 4b-7b of philanthotoxin (PhTX) from wasp venom and nephilatoxin-8 (NPTX-8) from spider venom whose tyrosine or asparagine linker
is replaced by squaryl (sq) amino acid or 4-amino squaryl (4-asq) amino acid have been synthesized in an efficient manner
via coupling of N-acyl squaryl amino acid intermediate 19 or 26 with the corresponding polyamine part. Preliminary bioassay using crickets revealed that the analogs substituted by glutamate-type
squaryl amino acid-containing NPTX 7a and 7b showed more potent paralytic activities than that of NPTX-8.
Received April 25, 2002 Accepted June 21, 2002 Published online December 18, 2002
Acknowledgement This work was supported by a grant from Research for the Future Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
(JSPS).
Authors' address: Yasufumi Ohfune, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Osaka 558-8585, Japan, Fax: +81-6-6605-3153,
E-mail: ohfune@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp 相似文献
18.
While studying antibiotic-resistant plasmids from multi-drug-resistant nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus strains, we isolated a small (2.889 kb) chloramphenicol-resistant (Cmr) plasmid, which was designated as pMC524/MBM. The molecular size of pMC524/MBM was close to that of pC194 (2.910 kb), a well-known
Cmr staphylococcal plasmid. Unlike pC194, this plasmid can replicate and express itself efficiently and stably in Escherichia coli. However, Cm is needed for stable maintenance of pMC524/MBM in different hosts. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of
these two plasmids were compared after sequencing of pMC524/MBM [EMBL Accession No. AJ312056 SAU312056]. Although these two
plasmids have striking nucleotide sequence homology, the Plus Origin, Minus Origin, the replication protein (Rep), and the
chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (Cat) have considerable variations. Possibly, these changes have modulated pMC524/MBM into
an efficient shuttle-plasmid.
Received: 8 April 2002 / Accepted: 27 July 2002 相似文献
19.
A male lectotype and several paralectotypes of Chloroperla lugens Klapálek, 1923 are designated. The species is transferred to genus Isoperla and is the valid name for Isoperla alpicola Brinck, 1949. 相似文献
20.
The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is widely distributed in the North Sea. During both the SCANS 1994 and 2005 surveys, porpoises were commonly encountered
in offshore waters, for example in the central German Bight. However, information on year-round abundance and distribution
of harbour porpoises in that area on a monthly basis was lacking. Between 2002 and 2004, we undertook 26 aerial line-transect
surveys in a 2,600 km2 area in the central German Bight, 100 km north of the Island of Borkum (Eastern Frisia). Data were analysed with DISTANCE
software. A total of 406 porpoises were sighted. Sighting rates (=sightings/km transect) peaked in July 2002, February, May
and September 2003, and in January and April 2004. Absolute densities (g(0) corrected) ranged between 0.14 and 1.54 animals/km2 (peak in April 2004). Proportion of calves varied between 3.4 and 27.3%. Our results show a highly irregular appearance of
harbour porpoises in the study area with no apparent seasonal trends in occurrence but peaks in single months. We propose
that the area is used as a transit route with harbour porpoise moving in from regions of high density in summer (Northern
Frisia) and early spring (Eastern Frisia). 相似文献