康氏木霉B—7纤维素酶的产生条件及酶学性质研究

野生型康氏木霉８５４－Ｂ２经多种理化诱变因子及空间微重力辐射等因素的处理,选育到１株高活力纤维素酶变异株Ｂ－７。其固体培养物的纤维素酶,以滤纸为底物酶活力为３４μ／ｇ,以羧甲基纤维素（ＣＭＣ）为底物酶力为１４７２μ／ｇ。与野生菌８５４－Ｂ２相比,产酶活力水平分别提高５倍和７倍多。酶在滤纸上作用的最适条件为ｐＨ４．５－５．０,温度５５－６０℃;２５℃,保温２４ｈ,ｐＨ稳定范围为ｐＨ４．０－６．５;７     

康氏木霉B－7纤维素酶的产生条件及酶学性质研究

野生型康氏木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｋｏｎｉｎｇｉ）８５４－Ｂ２经多种理化诱变因子及空间微重力辐射等因素的处理,选育到１株高活力纤维素酶变异株Ｂ－７。其固体培养物的纤维素酶,以滤纸为底物酶活力为３４μ／ｇ,以羧甲基纤维素（ＣＭＣ）为底物酶力为１４７２μ／ｇ。与野生菌８５４－Ｂ２相比,产酶活力水平分别提高５倍和７倍多。酶在滤纸上作用的最适条件为ｐＨ４．５—５．０,温度５５—６０°Ｃ;２５°Ｃ,保温２４ｈ,ｐＨ稳定范围为ｐＨ４．０—６．５;７０°Ｃ保温３０分钟,剩余酶活力３４．４％。     

拟康氏木霉（Trichoderma pseudokoningii）UV Ⅲ产纤维素酶液体发酵研究

以拟康氏木霉（Trichoderma pseudokoningii)TH为出发菌株,经紫外诱变获得一抗高浓度葡萄糖阻遏突变株UV Ⅲ,其液体发酵最适产酶培养基为（W／V）：豆皮粉3％,硝酸铵0．6％,磷酸二氢钠0．65％,硫酸镁0．25％,氯化钙0．15％,pH5.0;最佳发酵条件为：30℃,125r/min。发酵7d CMCase活力可达103．55IU／mL,滤纸酶活可达5．51IU／mL,β-葡萄糖苷酶活可达0．96IU／mL,分别比出发菌株TH提高了1．40、2．34、0．60倍。     

康氏木霉(Trichoderma koningii)纤维素酶系中的Cx酶的定位

本文研究了康氏木霉Cx酶的定位。用超声和差速离心法得出Cx酶活力大量存在于培养液的上清液,一部分附着于细胞表面,少量存在于菌丝细胞内。用电镜细胞化学法得出Cx酶位于菌丝细胞壁的表面,较易脱落;有时发现位于质膜内侧与细胞壁之间。     

拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma psudodoningii)UV III产纤维素酶液体发酵研究

以拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma psudodoningii)TH为出发菌株,经紫外诱变荻得一抗高浓度葡萄糖阻遏突变株uV III,其液体发酵最适产酶培养基为(w/V)豆皮粉3%,硝酸铵0.6%,磷酸二氢钠0.65%,硫酸镁0.25%,氯化钙0.15%,pH5.0;最佳发酵条件为30℃,125r/min发酵7d CMCase活力可达103.55 IU/mL,滤纸酶活可达5.51 IU/mL,β一葡萄糖苷酶活可达0 96IU/mL,分别比出发菌株TH提高了1.40、2.34、0.60倍.     

康氏木霉AS3.4001 纤维素酶系的研究

康氏木霉白色变异株AS 3.4001的纤维素酶系经系列分离纯化,获得6个聚丙烯酰安凝胶电泳均一的组分(组分I-V及β一葡萄糖苷酶)。组分1能单独作用于天然纤维素棉花,水解不溶性纤维素,如滤纸、纤维素粉及磷酸膨张纤维素较可溶性纤维素羧甲基纤维素钠 CMC-Na)更为容易,水解产物为纤维二糖及痕迹量葡萄糖。     

拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma pseudokoningii)UV III纤维素酶合成的诱导与阻遏

拟康氏木霉 (T .pseudokoningii)TH经紫外诱变获得一抗高浓度葡萄糖阻遏突变株UVIII,纤维素酶产量显著提高。研究表明 ,UVIII对诱导物的敏感性增加了 10 0倍 ,并且对葡萄糖的吸收能力明显下降 ,导致部分解除了葡萄糖阻遏作用 ,这可能都是该突变株产酶提高的原因     

纤维素酶酶解稻壳的条件试验

本文报道康氏木霉Ｎ_２－７８（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｋｏｎｉｎｇｉ）纤维素酶产生和酶解稻壳的适宜条件。实验结果表明,在稻草粉麸皮固体培养基上,纤维素酶产生的适宜条件为稻草粉和麸皮的比例为７：３,培养基含水量为２５０％,ｐＨ为６．０—６．５,温度为３０℃,时间为３ｄ。酶解稻壳的最适条件为：ｐＨ为４．４,温度为４０℃,作用时间为３ｄ,酶曲量和底物量比例为１：３。     

康氏木霉B—7和黑曲霉X—15原生质体的形成和再生

研究了康氏木霉B－7和黑曲霉X－152株纤维素酶高产菌株的原生质体制备与再生。结果表明,采用纤维素酶、蜗牛酶、溶菌酶的混合酶液,可成功地制备2株真菌的原生质体。其中,B－7以这3种酶的配比6：5：2为最佳,X－15以8：4：2为最佳。原生质体形成的缓冲液系统均以0．2mol/L,pH6．0磷酸盐缓冲液为宜,渗透压稳定剂则分别以0．6mol/LNaCl和0．6mol/L蔗糖为宜。以菌龄18h（B-7）和16h（X－15）2株真菌的菌丝体,在37℃下酶解90min可获得最适量的原生质体,产量分别达9×106个／ml和1．9×107个／ml,且其再生率也较高,均达95％左右。     

里氏木霉液体发酵产纤维素酶的研究

在摇瓶试验基础上,采用里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)HC-415菌株进行5L自控罐产纤维素酶深层发酵试验。在通气量为 0.2—0.6vvm、搅拌速度为 400r/min、发酵液pH控制在5.8—6.1的条件下,发酵液的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)酶酶活最高为325.0mg糖/ml,滤纸糖酶(FPA)酶活最高达17.9mg糖/ml。发酵周期为108h。所得冻干纤维素酶粉CMC酶活最高3111IU/g,FPA最高135IU/g ,对发酵液得率平均6.7g/L。酶活总收率CMC酶活平均78.2％,FPA酶活平均73.5％。     

Breakdown of crystalline cellulose by synergistic action between cellulase components from Clostridium thermocellum and Trichoderma koningii

Abstract Certain isolated components of fungal cellulases, which cannot effect the breakdown of highly ordered cellulose individually, interact together synergistically to do so when recombined. Suprisingly, not all fungal cellulase components exhibit this property, and no such synergism has been observed so far between fungal and bacterial cellulases.
The cellulase complex of Clostridium thermocellum cannot effect the extensive breakdown of highly ordered cellulose unless Ca²⁺ and dithiothreitol (DTT) are present. However, we now report that isolated cellobiohydrolase from Trichoderma koningii can combine with C. thermocellum cellulase to effect the breakdown of cellulose in the absence of Ca²⁺ and DTT. enhanced activity is observed if Ca²⁺ and DTT are present.
This finding may have important applications in industry: it certainly has important implications for those interested in the basic mechanism of cellulase action in C. thermocellum .     

Isolation,characterisation of major secondary metabolites of the Himalayan Trichoderma koningii and their antifungal activity

Ethyl acetate extracts of two strains of Trichoderma koningii were evaluated for antifungal activity against soilborne pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum by poisoned food technique. Secondary metabolites, namely δ-decanolactone, 6-pentyl-α-pyranone and 6-(4-oxopentyl)-2H-pyran-2-one were isolated from T. koningii (T-8) extract while palmitic acid, 6-pentyl-α-pyranone and stigmasterol were isolated from T. koningii (T-11) extract. Secondary metabolites were identified by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. These metabolites were evaluated for antifungal activity against the test pathogens 6-Pentyl-α-pyranone and 6-(4-oxopentyl)-2H-pyran-2-one exhibited excellent antifungal activity against S. rolfsii. The antifungal activity though slightly less was comparable to that of hexaconazole, a commercial fungicide.     

蔗渣纤维分解菌的选育及其酶学性质的研究

从土壤中筛选一株产纤维素酶的绿色木霉ＹＢ－１菌株,经紫外线诱变获得一高活力纤维素酶突变株ＹＢ－３,其生长快,产孢子能力强,产生的纤维素酶包括ＣＭＣ,ＦＰＡ和β－葡萄糖苷酶的活力分别可达２０００,４６９和１７５０。研究了碳源,氮源、金属离子和表面活性剂对产酶的影响。最佳培养条件为：起始ｐＨ５．５,温度３０±１℃,温度３０±１℃,时间６０ｈ,正交固体最佳培养基为：复合碳源４．５ｇ（蔗渣：麸皮＝６：４）     

培养条件对一株木霉产纤维素酶过程影响的研究

采用固态发酵和连续监测正交实验结果的方法,研究了培养温度、初始pH值、液料比和接种量对一株木霉(Trichodermasp.)发酵过程中微晶纤维素酶活、CMC酶活和滤纸酶活的影响及影响程度。指出液料比在整个发酵过程中是对产酶影响最大的因素,温度在发酵初期影响较大,初始pH和接种量的影响均不显著。总体看来,培养温度、初始pH值、液料比和接种量分别为30℃、4、7和5%是比较合适的。     

康氏木霉TN-27饲用木聚糖酶制剂的制备及其性质研究

以康氏木霉为出发菌株 ,经亚硝基胍 (NTG)和60 Co辐射交替诱变处理 ,获得 1株木聚糖酶高产菌TN 2 7,在优化培养条件下 ,产酶活力可达 3 61 7U/g。对该酶的性质研究表明 ,其米氏常数为 4.76g/L ,最适温度 5 0℃ ,最适pH 5 .2 ,热稳定性较好 ,适合于用作饲料酶制剂。     

长梗木霉纤维素酶基因的克隆及序列分析

从富含纤维素环境筛选获得一株纤维素降解菌株FU05,通过形态学特征及ITS序列分析确定其为长梗木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)。PCR扩增获得该菌株的bgl2、cbh2和eg1。序列分析表明,这3种纤维素酶基因与GenBank上其他木霉同种纤维素酶基因具有较高同源性:bgl2基因与里氏木霉bgl2基因(AB003110)同源性达91%;cbh2基因与康宁木霉cbh2基因(DQ504304)同源性达99%;eg1基因与长梗木霉eg1基因(X60652)同源性达95%。3种纤维素酶基因编码的相应氨基酸序列与其他木霉纤维素酶的氨基酸序列相似性也非常高。对上述纤维素酶基因编码的相应蛋白进行PROSITE motif search,对其N端糖基化位点、纤维素结合区、糖基水解酶家族特征结构区等进行了定位。     

A Shortcut to the Optimization of Cellulase Production Using the Mutant Trichoderma reesei YC-108

Trichoderma reesei YC-108, a strain isolated by a kind of newly invented plate was found to over produce cellulase and it was then used as a cellulase producer. To get the maximum amount of cellulase, the combination of the medium ingredients, which has a profound influence on metabolic pathway was optimized using response surface methodology. The optimum composition was found to be 24.63 g/L wheat bran, 30.78 g/L avicel, and 19.16 g/L soya-bean cake powder. By using the optimized medium, the filter paper activity (FPA) increased nearly five times to 15.82 IU/mL in a 30 L stirred fermenter, carboxymethyl cellulase activity (CMCase) was increased from 83.02 to 628.05 IU/mL and the CMCase/FPA ratio was nearly doubled compared with the parent strain at initial medium.     

Purification and Characterization of an Enzyme That Catalyzes Ring Cleavage of Aspergillic Acid,from Tvichoderma koningii ATCC 76666

The aspergillic acid degrading enzyme (ADE) that catalyzes the cleavage of the pyrazine ring in aspergillic acid (AA, l-hydroxy-3-isobutyl-6-sec-butyl-2-pyrazinone) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from extracts of Trichoderma koningii ATCC 76666. ADE was a homodimeric protein with a molecular mass of 112kDa, contained lmol of FAD per mol of subunit, and required NAD(P)H and molecular oxygen for its activity. ADE had an isoelectric point of around 5.3, and an optimum pH of 7.0–8.0. p-Chloromercuribenzoate and HgCl₂ completely inhibited ADE activity, while metal chelating reagents, α, α′-dipyridyl and o-phenanthroline, were not inhibitors. The substrate specificity among AA-related compounds was that hydroxyaspergillic acid was a poor substrate (16% of the activity for AA) and deoxyaspergillic acid did not serve as a substrate.