蛇肌果糖1，6－二磷酸酯酶、果糖2，6－二磷酸、AMP的结合部位关系

腺苷－磷酸（ＡＭＰ）对４个快反应巯基被修饰的蛇肌果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶活性的抑制作用增强,而该修饰的酶受果糖２,６－二磷酸的抑制脱敏。ＡＭＰ对酶抑制为半部位反应,酶受果糖２,６－二磷酸抑制的脱敏则表现为全部位反应。经枯草杆菌蛋白酶限制性酶解的果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶的Ｋｉ（ＡＭＰ）增大１０倍,但受果糖２,６－二磷酸抑制的性质不变。经胰蛋白酶限制性酶解的果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶的活性不再为ＡＭＰ抑制,但果糖２,６－二磷酸对该形式酶的抑制作用则明显增强,由于该酶失去受ＡＭＰ的抑制作用,因此ＡＭＰ促进果糖２,６－二磷酸抑制的性质亦随之丧失。据此提出在蛇肌果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶中果糖２,６－二磷酸不是结合在ＡＭＰ结合部位上的看法。     

蛇肌果糖1,6—二磷酸酯酶,果糖2,6—二磷酸,AMP的结…

腺苷一磷酸对４个快反应巯基被修饰的蛇肌果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶活性的抑制作用增强,而该修饰的酶受果糖２,６－二磷酸的抑制脱敏,ＡＭＰ对酶抑制为半部位反应,酶受果糖２,６－二磷酸抑制的脱敏则表现为全部位反应,经枯草杆菌蛋白酶限制性酶解的果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶的Ｋ１增大１０倍,但受果糖２,６－二磷酸抑制的性质不变,经胰蛋白酶限制性酶解的果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶的活性不再为ＡＭＰ抑制,但果糖２,６－二磷酸对     

蛇肌果糖1，6－二磷酸酯酶果糖2，6－二磷酸和底物抑制的结合部位

在果糖１,６—二磷酸酯酶中果糖２,６—二磷酸可能与底物抑制的作用方式不同,因为蛇肌果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶ｐＨ９．２的活性受到果糖２,６－二磷酸的抑制,而不受高浓度底物的影响。Ｋ＋能增强果糖２,６—二磷酸对酶活性抑制,并能较大程度地解除过量底物的抑制。快反应流基修饰酶不再受较低浓度果糖２,６—二磷酸的抑制,但高浓度果糖２,６—二磷酸仍能抑制酶活性,其ＩＣ５０增大４０倍。修饰酶受底物抑制的阈值不变。为胰蛋白酶或枯草杆菌蛋白酶限制性酶解的果糖１,６—二磷酸酯酶受过量底物和果糖２,６—二磷酸抑制的行为也不相同。以上结果可能提示在蛇肌果糖１,６—二磷酸酯酸中存在既有别于ＡＭＰ,又有别于过量底物的结合部位。     

1，6－二磷酸果糖产生菌的筛选及最佳培养条件的研究

１,６－二磷酸果糖（ＦＤＰ）广泛应用于治疗心血管疾病．本文进行了１,６－二磷酸果糖产生菌的筛选和最佳条件的研究。筛选出菌株ＨＹ２具有较高的产１,６－二磷酸果糖酶活力,高达１６０ｍｇＦＤＰ／ｇｗｅｔｃｅｌｌｓ,菌体生长的最适培养条件为：麦芽汁培养基糖度为１２柏林,培养温度为２８℃,ｐＨ６．０～６．５,菌体收率达７．０％左右。     

1,6—二磷酸果糖产生菌的筛选及最佳培养条件的研究

１,６－二磷酸果糖（ＦＤＰ）广泛应用于治疗心血管疾病。本文进行了１,６－二磷酸果糖产生菌的筛选和最佳条件的研究。筛选出菌株ＨＹ２具有较高的产１,６－二磷酸果糖酶活力,高达１６０ｍｇＦＤＰ／ｇ ｗｅｔ ｃｅｌｌｓ,菌体生长的最适培养条件为：麦芽汁培养基糖度为１２柏林,培养温度为２８℃,ｐＨ６．０￣６．５,菌体收率达７．０％左右。     

BA对花生叶片蔗糖和淀粉代谢有关酶活性的影响

用１０－５ｍｏｌ／ＬＢＡ处理去顶去根花生幼苗库叶２４ｈ内．蔗糖磷酸合成酶和细胞质果糖－１,６－二磷酸酯酶活性逐渐增加．酸性转化酶活性降低．使蔗糖含量提高,α－淀粉酶活性的增强,促进淀粉分解。ＢＡ处理２４ｈ后,随着蔗糖磷酸合成酶和细胞质果糖－１．６－二磷酸酯酶活性的减弱．酸性转化酶活性逐渐增加．蔗糖含量减少,有利光合碳在淀粉的积累．     

水稻醛缩酶嵌合基因的克隆和在大肠杆菌中高表达

水稻醛缩酶嵌合基因的克隆和在大肠杆菌中高表达陈海宝杨春松＊＊（中国科学院上海有机化学研究所,生命有机化学国家重点实验室,中国科学院计算机化学实验室,上海２０００３２）关键词果糖－１,６－二磷酸醛缩酶;ＤＮＡ单链合成法;反转录ＰＣＲ;基因工程收稿日期：...     

蛇肌果糖1,6—二磷酸酯酶的R态和T态的构象

几种高活性形式的蛇肌果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酶的紫外差光谱与酶在尿素或盐酸胍中差光谱相似,它们的酶学性质及巯基暴露的程度各不相同,提示这些高活性形式的酶的构象呈稳定的松驰状态,构象松驰的程度也各不相同,受果糖２,６－二磷酸、ＡＭＰ的过量底物抑制的酶处于帮种不同的低活性状态,它们的构象特征与Ｒ态相反,提示此三种低活性酶构象处于较紧凑状态,这几种Ｔ态酶巯基暴露的程度,受蛋白水解酶限制性酶解的速度不同,说明     

用凝集素和非同位素标记底物测定核心α－1，6－岩藻糖转移酶及其应用

报道了一个不需同位素和ＨＰＬＣ的α－１,６－岩藻糖转移酶（α１,６ＦｕＴ,又称核心岩藻糖转移酶）的测定法,包括从正常人血浆提纯运铁蛋白,消化成带有天冬酰胺（Ａｓｎ）的二天线Ｎ－糖链,去除外端唾液酸和半乳糖后,用生物素酰胺乙酰基团标记其Ａｓｎ,并以此生物素衍生物标记的Ａｓｎ－七糖的Ｎ－糖链为受体底物,ＧＤＰ－Ｌ－岩藻糖为供体底物,用ＬＣＡ柱吸附法分离岩藻糖化后的产物,再用ＨＲｐ－Ａｖｉｄｉｎ交联物与柱上带有生物素的产物结合,此ＨＲＰ－Ａｖｉｄｉｎ－生物素。岩藻糖化产物从柱上洗脱后测定ＨＲＰ活力可代表α１,６ＦｕＴ活力。此法在较宽的范围内,产物量与酶量和反应时间成正比．人肝细胞癌、亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌后期或用佛波酯（ＰＭＡ）处理人肝癌细胞后,α１,６ＦｕＴ增高,而用视黄酸或ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ处理人肝癌细胞后,则该酶活力降低。     

蛇肌果糖1，6－二磷酸酯酶的R态和T态的构象

几种高活性形式的蛇肌果糖１,６－二磷酸酯酸的紫外差光谱与酶在尿素或盐酸胍中差光谱相似,它们的酶学性质及巯基暴露的程度各不相同,提示这些高活性形式的酶的构象呈稳定的松驰状态（Ｂ态）,构象松驰的程度也各不相同。受果糖２,６－二磷酸、ＡＭＰ和过量底物抑制的酶处于三种不同的低活性状态,它们的构象特征与Ｒ态相反,提示此三种低活性酶构象处于较紧凑状态（Ｔ态）。这几种Ｔ态酶流基暴露的程度,受蛋白水解酶限制性酶解的速度不同,说明这些Ｔ态酶的构象的紧凑程度是有差异的。蛇肌酶的不同的活化状态所具有不同的稳定的构象状态,在能量上可能相差很小,便于受到多种因子的调节。这可能是别构酶所普遍具有的现象。     

Conventional detection method of fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products using latex piezoelectric immunoassay

We developed a conventional immunosensor for fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP) to combine a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with the agglutination reaction of immunized latex beads. FDP induced an immunoreaction due to anti-FDP antibody immobilized latex particles. We successfully measured FDP concentration of in human serum within 10 min by QCM method. The detection range of QCM immunosensor is covered with screening concentration of FDP in serum (<10 microg/ml of FDP). The time course of latex agglutination obtained from QCM immunosensor is synchronized to that of latex photometric immunoassay. SEM was used to observe the surface of QCM that applied FDP serum. The size of latex particles agglutinated on the QCM electrode increased concomitant with FDP concentration. Frequency shift on immunoreaction explains the increased adsorption amount of agglutinated latex on QCM.     

Membrane permeability of fructose-1,6-diphosphate in lipid vesicles and endothelial cells

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) is a glycolytic intermediate which has been used an intervention in various ischemic conditions for two decades. Yet whether FDP can enter the cell is under constant debate. In this study we examined membrane permeability of FDP in artificial membrane bilayers and in endothelial cells. To examine passive diffusion of FDP through the membrane bilayer, L-a-phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk (Egg PC) (10 mM) multi-lamellar vesicles were created containing different external concentrations of FDP (0, 0.5, 5 and 50 mM). The passive diffusion of FDP into the vesicles was followed spectrophotometrically. The results indicate that FDP diffuses through the membrane bilayer in a dose-dependent fashion. The movement of FDP through Egg PC membrane bilayers was confirmed by measuring the conversion of FDP to dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and the formation of hydrozone. FDP (0, 0.5, 5 or 50 mM) was encapsulated in Egg PC multilamellar vesicles and placed in a solution containing aldolase. In the 5 and 50 mM FDP groups there was a significant increase in dihydroxyacetone/hydrazone indicating that FDP crossed the membrane bilayer intact. We theorized that the passive diffusion of FDP might be due to disruption of the membrane bilayer. To examine this hypothesis, small unilamellar vesicles composed of Egg PC were created in the presence of 60 mM carboxyfluorescein, and the leakage of the sequestered dye was followed upon addition of various concentrations of FDP, fructose, fructose-6-phosphate, or fructose-1-phosphate (0, 5 or 50 mM). These results indicate that increasing concentrations of FDP increase the leakage rate of carboxyfluorescein. In contrast, no concentration of fructose, fructose-6-phosphate, or fructose-1-phosphate resulted in any significant increase in membrane permeability to carboxyfluorescein. To examine whether FDP could pass through cellular membranes, we examined the uptake of ¹⁴C-FDP by endothelial cells cultured under hypoxia or normoxia for 4 or 16 h. The uptake of FDP was dose-dependent in both the normoxia and hypoxia treated cells, and was accompanied by no significant loss in endothelial cell viability. Our results demonstrate that FDP can diffuse through membrane bilayers in a dose-dependent manner.     

Fructose 1,6-diphosphate-activated L-lactate dehydrogenase from Streptococcus lactis: kinetic properties and factors affecting activation.

The L-(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) of Streptococcus lactis C10, like that of other streptococci, was activated by fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP). The enzyme showed some activity in the absence of FDP, with a pH optimum of 8.2; FDP decreased the Km for both pyruvate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and shifted the pH optimum to 6.9. Enzyme activity showed a hyperbolic response to both NADH and pyruvate in all the buffers tried except phosphate buffer, in which the response to increasing NADH was sigmoidal. The FDP concentration required for half-maximal velocity (FDP0.5V) was markedly influenced by the nature of the assay buffer used. Thus the FDP0.5V was 0.002 mM in 90 mM triethanolamine buffer, 0.2 mM in 90 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethanemaleate buffer, and 4.4 mM in 90 mM phosphate buffer. Phosphate inhibition of FDP binding is not a general property of streptococcal lactate dehydrogenase, since the FDP0.5V value for S. faecalis 8043 lactate dehydrogenase was not increased by phosphate. The S. faecalis and S. lactis lactate dehydrogenases also differed in that Mn2+ enhanced FDP binding in S. faecalis but had no effect on the S. lactis dehydrogenase. The FDP concentration (12 to 15 mM) found in S. lactis cells during logarithmic growth on a high-carbohydrate (3% lactose) medium would be adequate to give almost complete activation of the lactate dehydrogenase even if the high FDP0.5V value found in 90 mM phosphate were similar to the FDP requirement in vivo.     

血浆中D- 二聚体、C- 反应蛋白及FDP 比值在急性脑梗死中 应用价值研究

目的:探讨血浆中D-二聚体、C-反应蛋白及FDP比值在急性脑梗死中应用价值,为临床诊断提供指导。方法:抽取我院于2010年1月至2011年1月收治的30名急性脑梗死患者编为实验组。30名陈旧性脑梗死患者编为对照组。检测血浆中的D-二聚体、C-反应蛋白、FDP及其相互之间比值。结果:两组相比,实验组血浆D-二聚体、C-反应蛋白、FDP均与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组相比,实验组D-二聚体/FDP,C-反应蛋白/FDP均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:急性和陈旧性脑梗死患者血浆中单独比较D-二聚体、C-反应蛋白、FDP差异均不明显,但D-二聚体/FDP,C-反应蛋白/FDP的阳性检出率较高,对临床有一定的指导意义。     

Comparison of visual evoked potentials, automated perimetry and frequency-doubling perimetry in early detection of glaucomatous visual field loss

The present study compares frequency-doubling perimetry (FDP), automated perimetry (AP) and visual evoked potentials (VEP) for their ability to diagnose early glaucoma. In present study 224 patients of Clinic for Eye Diseases, Clinical Hospital "Sestre Milosrdnice" that had diagnosis of open angle glaucoma and glaucomatous visual field loss proven by automated static perimetry on only one eye were performing all three tests. Visual evoked potentials, automated perimetry and frequency-doubling perimetry were performed four times in each patient with six months period in between testing. Significant difference was proven between frequency-doubling perimetry and automated perimetry in favor for FDP in early detection of glaucomatous field loss. There was no significant difference between FDP and VEP neither between VEP and AP measurements. The results of this study indicate that frequency-doubling perimetry is significantly better method for early detection of glaucomatous visual field loss than automated static perimetry.     

The effect of fructose 1,6 diphosphate on pyruvate kinase from the liver of the flounder (Platichthys flesus L.)

1. Pyruvate kinase purified from flounder liver in two forms, i.e. PKI and PKII, is activated by fructose 1,6 diphosphate. 2. Two or more binding sites for FDP are demonstrated for PKII, the binding to which is influenced by the levels of substrates. 3. FDP reduces or abolishes the cooperative effect of PEP. 4. FDP increases the maximal activity. 5. The inhibition observed at higher levels of ADP is not abolished by FDP.     

Estimation of false discovery proportion under general dependence

MOTIVATION: Wide-scale correlations between genes are commonly observed in gene expression data, due to both biological and technical reasons. These correlations increase the variability of the standard estimate of the false discovery rate (FDR). We highlight the false discovery proportion (FDP, instead of the FDR) as the suitable quantity for assessing differential expression in microarray data, demonstrate the deleterious effects of correlation on FDP estimation and propose an improved estimation method that accounts for the correlations. METHODS: We analyse the variation pattern of the distribution of test statistics under permutation using the singular value decomposition. The results suggest a latent FDR model that accounts for the effects of correlation, and is statistically closer to the FDP. We develop a procedure for estimating the latent FDR (ELF) based on a Poisson regression model. RESULTS: For simulated data based on the correlation structure of real datasets, we find that ELF performs substantially better than the standard FDR approach in estimating the FDP. We illustrate the use of ELF in the analysis of breast cancer and lymphoma data. AVAILABILITY: R code to perform ELF is available in http://www.meb.ki.se/~yudpaw.     

Properties of a fructose-1,6-diphosphate-activated lactate dehydrogenase from Acholeplasma laidlawii type A

Acholeplasma laidlawii A possesses a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent l(+)-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which is activated specifically by low concentrations of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP). Studies with partially purified enzyme show that the kinetic response to FDP is hyperbolic. The enzyme is inhibited by inorganic phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, and high concentrations of reduced NAD (NADH). Low activity is demonstrable in the absence of FDP at pH 6.0 to 7.2, but FDP is absolutely required in the region of pH 8. FDP causes an upward shift in the optimum pH of the enzyme, which is near 7.2 in tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane buffer. Activation of the enzyme by FDP is markedly affected by substrate concentration; FDP lowers the apparent K(m) for pyruvate and NADH. The affinity of the enzyme for pyruvate is also influenced by H(+) concentration. The pyruvate analogue alpha-ketobutyrate serves as an effective substrate for the enzyme; when it is utilized, the enzyme is still activated by FDP. Reversal of the pyruvate reduction reaction catalyzed by the enzyme can be demonstrated with the 3-acetylpyridine analogue of NAD. The catalytic properties of the A. laidlawii enzyme and the known FDP-activated LDHs which occur among lactic acid bacteria are discussed.     

Modification of the regulatory properties of pyruvate kinase of Neurospora by growth at elevated temperatures.

Pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) was isolated from Neurospora crassa mycelium grown at 28 degrees C (PK-28) and at 42 degrees C (PK-42). The regulatory properties, particularly the response towards the allosteric effector fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), was different in the two enzymes. PK-28 showed an activation by FDP but PK-42, under comparable conditions, appeared to be activated by low concentrations of FDP and inhibited by higher ones. For PK-28, complex formation with FDP results in a lowering of the isoelectric point from 6.40 to 5.50, representing the pI of the unliganded enzyme and that of the complex, respectively. In contrast to this, PK-42 exhibits a weak binding to FDP as suggested by a lack of decrease in the isoelectric point on treatment with comparable concentrations of FDP. Studies with quenching of aromatic residue fluorescence of PK-28 and PK-42, following binding of FDP, indicate that although this ligand binds to both types of enzymes the affinity for the two is vastly different. Dissociation constants of 9.3 muM and 0.1 mM were calculated for the binding of FDP to PK-28 and PK-42, respectively. It is concluded that growth at elevated temperatures induced a conformational change in the pyruvate kinase leading to partial desensitization of the allosteric site. The nature of the factor(s) responsible for this change is not understood at present.