用PCR扩增和克隆鸡传染性贫血病毒全基因组DNA

根据已发表的序列,分别在鸡贫血病毒（ＣＡＶ）环形基因组ＤＮＡ（全长２．３ｋｂ）的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点和ＢａｍＨＩ位点的两侧选择适当序列合成两对引物,用ＰＣＲ技术,从斑点杂交检测到病毒核酸的ＣＡＶ感染的ＭＤＣＣＲＰ１细胞基因组ＤＮＡ中,分别扩增出包含ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＢａｍＨＩ分割开的病毒基因组两部分（１．５ｋｂ和０．８ｋｂ）约１．５ｋｂ和约１．２５ｋｂ的两个片段。再将其中相应序列拼接克隆进ｐＵＣ１８载体,获得包含ＣＡＶ全基因组序列ＤＮＡ片段的克隆质粒ｐＣＡＶ２．４。酶切分析表明,该质粒具有预期的ＢａｍＨＩ位点、ＰｓｔＩ位点、ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点,而预期的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点消失。重组质粒插入ＤＮＡ片段的两端序列分析表明,质粒ｐＣＡＶ２．４是包含ＣＡＶ全基因组序列的重组质粒,插入ＤＮＡ片段序列中的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点序列发生了一个碱基突变。     

小鼠金属硫蛋白ⅠcDNA编码序列的克隆及其在昆虫细胞中的表达

将质粒ＰＢＸ－ＭＴ上的小鼠ＭＴ－ⅠｃＤＮＡ片段切下作为模板,通过ＰＣＲ方法删除该片段的非编码序列,将编码序列克隆到质粒ＰＢＳ－ＳＫ中,经ＤＮＡ序列测定后证明其克隆序列正确,再将ＭＴ－ⅠｃＤＮＡ编码序列插入到转移载体ｐＢａｃＰＡＫ８的ＢａｍＨⅠ和ＥｃｏＲⅠ位点之间,通过磷酸钙／ＤＮＡ共转染方法将其导入昆虫细胞Ｓｆ９中,以Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ和ＤｏｔＥＩＡ方法对表达产物进行了检测,表达量为１ｍｇ＝     

人巨细胞病毒的分子克隆及其特异性DNA探针的制备

从人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）培养物中提取ＨＣＭＶ并抽提其ＤＮＡ,经限制性内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ完全消化后,与质粒ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ－ＳＫ重组建立了ＨＣＭＶ的ＤＮＡ文库,从此文库。中随机筛选出两个重组质粒（ｐＣＭＶ－１和ｐＣＭＶ－２）,用ＢａｍＨＩ分析证明其中所含的病毒ＤＮＡ片段的大小分别为１．０ｋｂ和７．５ｋｂ,将这两种质粒大量扩增纯化后,用光生物素进行标记作为探针,证明其只与ＨＣＭＶ反应,与正常人细胞ＤＮＡ及Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型单纯疤疹病毒ＤＮＡ无交叉反应。     

柯萨奇B3病毒结构和非结构蛋白基因重组质粒的构建及其在体外真核细胞中的

制备ＣＶＢ３结构蛋白和非结构蛋白重组质粒ＤＮＡ疫苗时,采用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ从ＣＶＢ感染的ＨｅＬａ细胞中扩增ＶＰ１、ＶＰ２、２Ａ和３Ｄ基因,重组入真核表达质粒ｐｃＤＮＡ３中,构建ｐｃＤＮＡ３／ＶＰ２、ｐｃＤＮＡ３／ＶＰ１、ｐｃＤＮＡ３／２Ａ和ｐｃＤＮＡ３／３Ｄ重组质粒,经酶切和测下实扩增的序列并将各重组质粒体外转染真核细胞ＣＯＳ－７,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测ｍＲＮＡ的转录,用Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ检测表达产物。结果４种重组质粒酶切出相应大小的目的片段,经测序证实为ＣＶＢ３相应序列,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ证实能够在体外真核细胞中表达。本文成功构建ＣＶＢ３结构与非结构蛋白的重组质粒ＤＮＡ疫苗,为进一步研究其免疫效果奠定了基础。     

人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）基因第3内含子的克隆 …

从端粒酶活性呈性阳的水生细胞株人肺ＳＣＰ－Ａ－１中分离了总ＲＮＡ,以此为模板,结合ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术和长模板ＰＣＲ技术,用ｈＴＥＲＴ基因特异性引物扩增到一长约２．２ｋｂ的ｃＤＮＡ片段。将该片纯化后克隆到通用测序本Ｔ－ｅａｓｙ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ上得到重组质粒。用测引物ＳＰ６和Ｔ７对该片段进行部分双向测序。经序列分析和同源比较推测该片段包含了ｈＴＥＲＴ基因的第３内含子。该结果提示了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术和长模板Ｐ     

蚕豆叶绿体atpE基因的克隆,测序和表达

蚕豆叶绿体的ａｔｐＥ和ａｔｐＢ基因在叶绿体ＤＮＡ ＫｐｎＩ酶切的第九条（约４．０ｋｂ）片段上,此片段被克隆到载体ｐＵＣ１８中,构成重组质粒ｐＵＫ１。用玉米叶绿体ａｔｐＥ基因作探针对ｐＵＫ１的ＣｌａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ等的酶切产物进行杂交,确定了蚕豆叶绿体的ａｔｐＥ在ＣｌａＩ酶切的约０．９ｋｂ的片段上。根据ｐＢｕｌｅｓｃｒｉｐｔ ＫＳ（＋）ＤＮＡ多聚接头Ｆ引物和Ｒ引物测序,得到ε亚基基因的完整核苷酸序列。     

人骨形态发生蛋白—7全长cDNA的克隆及序列测定

从人胎儿肾中提取总ＲＮＡ,反转录得ｃＤＮＡ,ＰＣＲ扩增获得１．３ｋｂ的骨形态发生蛋白－７（ＢＭＰ－７）的全长ｃＤＮＡ。克隆的ＢＭＰ－７基因编码的氨基酸序列与献报道相同。     

草鱼出血病病毒基因组的cDNA合成、克隆及部分序列分析

采用差速离心的方法纯化感染草鱼出血病病毒的细胞悬液。提纯的病毒粒子经蛋白酶Ｋ处理和酚氯仿抽提,在１％琼脂糖凝胶电泳条件下分离得到１１条ｄｓＲＮＡ,利用柱离心式胶回收试剂盒纯化各基因片段。纯化的ｄｓＲＮＡ溶于９０％的ＤＭＳＯ中,７０℃变性１５ｍｉｎ,然后采用随机引物法反转录合成各基因片段的ｃＤＮＡ,并平头连接于ｐＺＥｒＯ２．０载体的ＥｃｏＲＶ位点,电转化ＴＯＰ１０感受态细胞。重组质粒经酶切、ＰＣＲ扩增得到大小不等的插入片段,ｃＤＮＡＲＮＡ斑点杂交的结果进一步证实其插入为目的基因片段。采用循环ＰＣＲ测序的方法,对其插入片段进行了序列测定,对其中第１１片段的部分序列作了报道。     

蓝舌病病毒Z1株VP7基因的克隆及序列分析

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增我国蓝舌病毒Ｚ１株的ＶＰ７基因,直接将其克隆至ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体中,用限制性内切酶ＥｃｏＲＩ分析经蓝／白斑筛选和ＰＣＲ鉴定的重组质粒,用ＤＩＧ标记克隆片段制成探针与病毒基因组进行Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ杂交,证明插入片段为ＢＴＶ ＶＰ７基因特异性片段。采用Ｓａｎｇｅｒ双脱氧终止法测定ｃＤＮＡ片段的核苷酸序列,将这一序列与国外已发表的９株蓝舌病毒及相关的环状病毒的ＶＰ７基因进行了比     

兔防御素（MCP—1）cDNA的克隆与序列分析

从兔脾脏细胞中分离提取总ＲＮＡ,经反转录ＰＣＲ（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）扩增出兔巨嗜细胞阳离子多肽（ＭＣＰ－１）ｃＤＮＡ,插入经ＥｃｏＲ Ｉ和Ｘｂａ Ｉ双酶切的ｐＵＣＤ１９中,构建了党生质粒ｐＵＣＤＥＦ,进行了限制性酶切鉴定和序列分析,结果在扩增出的ｃＤＮＡ２８８个碱基中,在前片段中有一个碱基与发表的兔ＭＣＰ－１ ｃＤＮＡ序列不同,即第１５７位碱基由Ｇ变为Ａ,导致编码的氨基酸由丙氨酸变为苏氨酸。该ｃＤＮＡ全     

果蝇程序化死亡基因5(PDCD5)同源cDNA的克隆和序列分析

 为了解人类白血病细胞凋亡相关新基因 TFAR1 9(PDCD5,programmed cell death5)在不同种属间的序列同源性 ,利用 EST(expression sequence tag)拼接、RT- PCR、DNA序列测定技术及计算机分析技术 ,首次成功地进行了果蝇 PDCD5同源 c DNA编码区基因克隆和序列分析 .发现果蝇与小鼠及果蝇与人 PDCD5在核苷酸水平上分别有 57.5%和 57.1 %的同源性 ,在氨基酸水平上分别有 46.8%和 46.4%的同源性 .功能区分析发现 ,果蝇 PDCD5c DNA编码 1 33个氨基酸 ,计算机预测可能是一种核蛋白 ,含 5个可能的酪蛋白激酶 (casein kinase )磷酸化位点 ,2个可能的 PKC磷酸化位点 ,与人 PDCD5的功能区类似 .因而果蝇 PDCD5是与人 PDCD5同源的新基因 ,可能都与细胞程序化死亡相关 .     

两个鼻咽癌负相关新基因的分离与特性

8个通过 c DNA代表差异分析法 ( c DNA representational difference analysis,c DNA RDA)分离的新 c DNA序列中 ,经 RT- PCR验证 ,发现其中一 c DNA序列 (登录号 :AF0 91 51 7)在 40 %的鼻咽癌活检组织中存在表达缺失和下调 .Northern杂交显示 ,AF0 91 51 7代表转录本为 1 .1 kb和 1 .4kb大小的两个基因 ,进而采用文库筛选 ,成功分离出 3′端完全不同的两个基因 ,命名为 NAG1 1和 NAG 1 2 (登录号分别为 AF 1 70 30 7和 AF 1 94971 ) .经过计算机预测 ,NAG 1 1编码 87个氨基酸组成的跨膜蛋白 ,NAG1 2编码 1 36个氨基酸组成的可溶性的核蛋白 ,两者无任何同源性 .NAG 1 1蛋白含有 3个 ATP结合区、两个蛋白激酶 C磷酸化位点和两个 N-肉豆寇酸化位点 ,NAG 1 2含有POU结构域和多个功能位点 .结果说明 NAG1 1和 NAG1 2的表达的缺失与下调可能参与了鼻咽癌的进程 ;NAG1 1基因产物可能与 ATP的跨膜转运有关 ;NAG1 2基因产物可能与转录翻译有关 .     

Persian shallot, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allium hirtifolium</Emphasis> Boiss,induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

This study investigated the potential of Persian shallot extract as an anticancer agent in HepG2 tumor cell line, an in vitro human hepatoma cancer model system. The inhibitory effect of Persian shallot on the growth of HepG2 cells was measured by MTT assay. To explore the underlying mechanism of cell growth inhibition of Persian shallot, the activity of Persian shallot in inducing apoptosis was investigated through the detection of annexin V signal by flow cytometry and expression of some apoptosis related genes such p21, p53, puma, caspase-8 family-Bcl-2 proteins like bid, bim, bcl-2 and bax were measured by real-time PCR in HepG2 cells. Persian shallot extract inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ value (inhibiting cell growth by 50%) was 149 μg/ml. The results of real-time PCR revealed a significant up-regulation of bid, bim, caspase-8, puma, p53, p21 and bax genes and a significant downregulation of bcl-2 gene in HepG2 cells treated with Persian shallot extract significantly. Therefore, this is the first report on an increased expression of bid, bim, caspase-8, puma, p53, p21 and bax genes and down regulation of bcl-2 gene indicating that the Persian shallot extract possibly induced the process of cell death through the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways and triggers the programmed cell death in HepG2 tumor cell lines by modulating the expression of pro-/anti-apoptotic genes. Furthermore, we showed that Persian shallot extract increased annexin V signal and expression, resulting in apoptotic cell death of HepG2 cells after 24 h treatment. Therefore, according to the results of this study, the Persian shallot extract could be considered as a potential candidate for production of drug for the prevention or treatment of human hepatoma.     

Cathepsin D protease mediates programmed cell death induced by interferon-gamma, Fas/APO-1 and TNF-alpha.

A functional approach of gene cloning was applied to HeLa cells in an attempt to isolate positive mediators of programmed cell death. The approach was based on random inactivation of genes by transfections with antisense cDNA expression libraries, followed by the selection of cells that survived in the presence of the external apoptotic stimulus. An antisense cDNA fragment identical to human cathepsin D aspartic protease was rescued by this positive selection. The high cathepsin D antisense RNA levels protected the HeLa cells from interferon-gamma- and Fas/APO-1-induced death. Pepstatin A, an inhibitor of cathepsin D, suppressed cell death in these systems and interfered with the TNF-alpha-induced programmed cell death of U937 cells as well. During cell death, expression of cathepsin D was elevated and processing of the protein was affected, which resulted in high steady-state levels of an intermediate, proteolytically active, single chain form of this protease. Overexpression of cathepsin D by ectopic expression induced cell death in the absence of any external stimulus. Altogether, these results suggest that this well-known endoprotease plays an active role in cytokine-induced programmed cell death, thus adding cathepsin D to the growing list of proteases that function as positive mediators of apoptosis.     

正常人肝细胞cDNA文库的构建及应用分析

目的利用Gubler-Hoffman法构建了正常人肝细胞的cDNA文库以筛选肝细胞内部与乙肝病毒感染相关的基因。方法首先采用TRIzol法提取正常人肝细胞总RNA,纯化mRNA。逆转录合成单链cDNA,然后合成双链cDNA。用Spin Column回收0.4kb以上片段,然后与Vector pAP3neo进行连接,利用电刺激转化法导入E.coliDH10B,利用PCR法检测文库的重组效率。结果扩增后的文库重组率为93.3%。结论已经成功地构建了正常人肝组织的cDNA文库,该文库可用于筛选与乙肝相关的基因及用于基因芯片的制作。     

Augmented cell survival in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis: Expression of c-myc,TGF-beta1 and bax genes

Background  

Endometriosis is a common gynaecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus. The fragments in normal menstruation are composed of necrotic and living cells, which do not survive in ectopic locations because of programmed cell death. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is changed in eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis throughout the menstrual cycle by studying bax (pro-apoptotic), c-myc (regulator of cell cycle) and TGF-beta1 (involved in cell differentiation) genes.     

Bcl-2: bax and bcl-2: Bcl-x ratios by image cytometric quantitation of immunohistochemical expression in ovarian carcinoma: correlation with prognosis

Bcl-2 is a proto-oncogene which is involved in prolonging cell survival by inhibiting programmed cell death. Bax and bcl-x are members of the bcl-2 family; when overexpressed, they can counteract the ability of bcl-2 to inhibit apoptosis. This suggests a model in which the ratios of bcl-2 to bax and bcl-x can be used to determine response to therapy and prognosis. The expression of bcl-2, bax and bcl-x was studied in 50 ovarian carcinomas. The percentage of positive area immunostained (PPA) in the nucleus and cytoplasm of each ovarian carcinoma was quantitated in 15 high power fields by image cytometry. The ratios were obtained by dividing the PPA of bcl-2 by the PPA of bax and bcl-x. 17 of 50 ovarian carcinomas (34%) stained positively for bcl-2, 39 for bax (78%) and 47 for bcl-x (94%). Although there is no significant statistical correlation between expression of bcl-2, bax or bcl-x and grade (P = 0.15; P = 0. 47; P = 0.56), stage (P = 0.71; P = 0.6; P = 0.42), and overall or disease-free survival (P = 0.26; P = 0.55; P = 0.16), increased bcl-2 expression was demonstrated in patients with shortened overall and disease-free survival. Also, increased expression of bax and bcl-x was associated with increased overall and disease-free survival. Bcl-2:bax and bcl-2:bcl-x ratios less than 1 are associated with survival advantage, although not statistically significant (P = 0.83; P = 0.93). Image cytometric measurement of bcl-2, bax, and bcl-x expression is feasible. There is a tendency for their expression to correlate with prognosis in ovarian carcinomas.