刺五加有效成分及体外抑制二酰基甘油酰基转移酶活性研究

本文为研究刺五加(Acanthopanax senticosus Harms)的化学成分及其抑制二酰基甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)活性。刺五加用75%乙醇提取,经硅胶、ODS、半制备HPLC进行分离纯化,结合理化性质、波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。得到12个化合物分别鉴定为赤式-愈创木基丙三醇-β-O-4′-二羟基松柏醇(1)、(E)-3-(2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)prop-2-enal(2)、7′E-4,9-dihydroxy-3,3′,5′-trimethoxy-8,4′-oxyneolign-7′-en-9′-al(3)、5-甲氧基去氧双松柏醇(4)、去氧双松柏醇(5)、5,5′-二甲氧基落叶松脂素(6)、5,5′-二甲氧基开环异落叶松树脂酚(7)、(7′S,8′S)-4′-O-甲基黄花菜木脂素(8)、(+)-9′-O-(Z)-阿魏酰-5,5′-二甲氧基落叶松脂素(9)、(+)-9′-O-(E)阿魏酰-5,5′-二甲氧基落叶松脂素(10)、大豆苷(11)和3′-甲氧基大豆苷(12)。其中化合物1～3和8～10为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物1、3～7、9和10对DGAT1活性具有抑制作用,其IC_(50)值范围在81.5±1.2到123.2±1.1μM之间。     

墨西哥落羽杉的化学成分

从墨西哥落羽杉(Taxodium mucronatum)枝叶中首次分离得到10个化合物,通过MS与NMR等方法将它们分别鉴定为quercetin 3′-methoxy-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(1),quercetin 3′-methoxy-3-O-β-D-arabinopyrano-side(2),quercetin 3′-methoxy-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside(3),quercetin(4),avicularin(5),quercetin 3-O-β-D-ga-lactopyranoside(6),(7′S,8′R)-4,7′-epoxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-4,9,3′,4′,9′-lignanepentol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),(7′S,8′S)-3,3′-dimethoxy-9,4′,9′-trihydroxy-4,8′-oxyneolignan-7′-O-β-D-glucopyranside(8),methyl shikimate(9)和β-sitosterol(10)。     

黄花败酱化学成分研究

对黄花败酱Patrinia scabiosaefolia的化学成分进行研究。采用硅胶、Sephadex-LH 20、制备等多种色谱分离技术进行提取分离纯化,然后应用波谱技术进行结构鉴定,从黄花败酱全草95%乙醇提取物中共分离得到24个化合物,分别鉴定为:8,9-didehydro-7-hydroxydolichodial(1)、convoldorine(2)、3-O-p-香豆酰奎尼酸(3)、松柏醛(4)、芥子醛(5)、C-藜芦酰乙二醇(6)、2,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone(7)、莨菪亭(8)、异莨菪苷(9)、七叶苷(10)、clovin(11)、robinin(12)、苄基葡萄糖苷(13)、淫羊藿次苷F2(14)、2-苯乙基-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(15)、淫羊藿次苷D1(16)、大黄素(17)、β-谷甾醇(18)、熊果酸(19)、2α,6α-dihydroxy-5-[(E)-3′-hydroxy-3′-methyl-1′-butenyl]-6-methyl-4-cyclohexen-3-one(...     

醉鱼草果实水部位化学成分及神经保护活性研究

为研究醉鱼草果实水部位化学成分及其神经保护作用,利用多种色谱分离技术从醉鱼草果实水部位中分离得到10个化合物。结合现代光谱技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定,分别为密蒙花苷C(1)、异毛蕊花糖苷(2)、毛蕊花糖苷(3)、4′-hydroxyphenyl ethyl vanillate(4)、6-O-香草酰筋骨草苷(5)、syringaresinol-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6)、刺五加苷B(7)、松柏苷(8)、醉鱼草皂苷Ⅳb(9)、6-O-(3"-O-p-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)catalpol(10),其中化合物4、6、7、8、10为首次从醉鱼草属植物中分离得到,化合物2、3为首次从醉鱼草果实中分离得到;利用MPP+诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞模型对化合物1、5、6、7的神经保护作用进行活性筛选,结果显示四个化合物均能使细胞存活率显著提高。     

岩芋中的一个新苯丙素苷

从岩芋(Remusatia vivipara)干燥的球茎中分离得到10个化合物,其中一个为新的苯丙素苷,经波谱学分析及酸水解的方法确定该新化合物的结构为Caffeyl alcohol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.已知化合物包括3个苯丙素类(松柏苷,caffeyl alcohol和松柏醇),3个新木脂素[4,7,9,9-tetrahydroxy-3,3-dimethoxy-8-O-4-neolign-7-ene,(7 R,8S)-△~(7')-3,3-dimethoxy-4,7,9,9-tetrahydroxy-8-O-4-neoli-gnan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,以及dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-β-D-glucoside],1个酰胺[(2 E,4 E)-N-isobutyl-2,4-decadienamide],1个甾体皂苷(methyl proto-taccaoside)和1个三萜皂苷(saxifra-gifolin B).所有化合物均为首次从岩芋属植物中分离得到.     

长形肉豆蔻Myristica argentea Warb.化学成分研究(英文)

从长形肉豆蔻Myristica argentea乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部分分离得到12个化合物,经理化和波谱分析分别鉴定为黄樟醚(1)、甲基丁香酚(2)、异甲基丁香酚(3)、3′-羟基异黄樟醚(4)、7-羟基-3′,4′-亚甲二氧基黄烷(5)、1,4-苯二甲酸二甲酯(6)、内消旋-二氢愈创木脂酸(7)、赤式-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-4-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-2,3-二甲基丁烷(8)、赤式-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-2-(2-甲氧基-4-(1(E)-丙烯基)苯氧基)-丙烷-1-醇(9)、nectandrin B(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)和胡萝卜苷(12)。化合物4~6和8~12为首次自该植物中分离得到,化合物4~6为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

星状凤毛菊的化学成分研究

采用各种填料的色谱柱层析方法从药用植物星状凤毛菊(Saussurea stella Maxim)的全草中分离纯化出15个化合物,经波谱分析将它们的化学结构分别鉴定为2-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛(1)、3-(3-甲氧基苯基)丙烯醛(2)、松脂素-4′-O-β-葡萄糖苷(3)、胡萝卜苷(4)、木犀草素(5)、金合欢素(6)、洋芹素(7)、日本椴苷(8)、3′-甲氧基木犀草素-7-O-β-葡萄糖苷(9)、洋芹素-7-O-β-葡萄糖苷(10)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(11)、山奈素3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(12)、槲皮素-5-O-β-葡萄糖苷(13)、4′-甲氧基槲皮素-5-O-β葡萄糖苷(14)和3-甲氧基山奈素-6-O-β葡萄糖苷(15)。其中化合物1～5、9～10和13～15是首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

地枇杷的化学成分及抗氧化活性研究CSCD

本文对土家族民间药材地枇杷进行化学成分及抗氧化活性研究。运用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、大孔树脂柱色谱结合半制备高效液相色谱等手段对其乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,利用核磁共振波谱、质谱等方法对化合物进行结构鉴定,分离得到17个化合物,分别鉴定为高山金莲花素(1)、(+)-儿茶素(2)、异紫花前胡苷(3)、补骨脂素(4)、佛手柑内酯(5)、(+)-南烛木树脂酚-3α-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(6)、(+)-南烛木树脂酚-3α-O-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(7)、异落叶松脂素-9-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、ssioriside(9)、华中冬青素(10)、异落叶松脂素(11)、(7R,8S)-3,5′-二甲氧基-4′,7-环氧-8,3′-新木脂烷-5,9,9′-三醇(12)、6,7-二甲氧基-4-羟基-1-萘甲酸(13)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸乙酯(14)、bluemenol A(15)、3,3′,4,4′-四羟基联苯(16)、绿原酸乙酯(17)。化合物1~4、6~17为首次从该植物中分离得到。使用DPPH自由基清除率、总抗氧化能力、超氧阴离子清除能力三个指标来测定17个化合物的抗氧化活性。结果显示木脂素类化合物9、10,多酚类化合物13、14、16具有良好的DPPH自由基清除能力及总抗氧化能力,表现出的抗氧化活性与同浓度抗坏血酸活性相当。     

芒果叶化学成分研究 II

为探讨芒果(Mangifera indica L.)的化学成分,从芒果叶的70%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了13个化合物,经波谱分析,分别鉴定为:(–)-secoisolariciresinol-9′-O-D-glucopyranoside(1)、7S,8R-erythro-4,7,9-trihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-8-O-4′-neolignan-9′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2)、7R,8R-threo-4,7,9-trihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-8-O-4′-neolignan-9′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3)、(7R/S,8R)-7,8-dihydro-9′-hydroxyl-3′-methoxyl-8-hydroxymethyl-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1′-benzofuranpropanol 9′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)、citrusin D(5)、丁香苷(6)、2,6-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯基-1-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、原儿茶酸(8)、没食子酸(9)、没食子酸甲酯(10)、没食子酸乙酯(11)、4,5-二羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲酸(12)、β-胡萝卜苷(13)。其中化合物1～7和12为首次从芒果属植物中分离得到。     

千根草化学成分研究Ⅱ

本实验的目的是为了研究千根草全草的化学成分及其细胞毒活性。采用多种柱色谱技术对其进行分离纯化,从千根草中分离得到7个化合物,经NMR和HR-ESI-MS鉴定它们的结构为开环异落叶松树脂酚(1)、二氢去氢二愈创木基醇(2)、3-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]propyl acetate(3)、3,3'-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran)(4)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、butylbrevifolin carboxylate(6)和芹菜素(7)。化合物1~6为首次从该植物中分离得到。采用MTT法检测不同浓度的药物(化合物1~4和6)对Huh7.5和A549细胞活力的影响。当药物浓度为40μMol/L时,化合物6能明显地抑制这两株细胞的增殖。     

Foreign exploration for Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and associated natural enemies on avocado (Persea americana Miller)

Scirtothrips perseae Nakahara was discovered attacking avocados in California, USA, in 1996. Host plant surveys in California indicated that S. perseae has a highly restricted host range with larvae being found only on avocados, while adults were collected from 11 different plant species. As part of a management program for this pest, a “classical” biological control program was initiated and foreign exploration was conducted to delineate the home range of S. perseae, to survey for associated natural enemies and inventory other species of phytophagous thrips on avocados grown in Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, and Brazil. Foreign exploration efforts indicate that S. perseae occurs on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1500 m) from Uruapan in Mexico south to areas around Guatemala City in Guatemala. In Costa Rica, S. perseae is replaced by an undescribed congener as the dominant phytophagous thrips on avocados grown at high altitudes (>1300 m). No species of Scirtothrips were found on avocados in the Dominican Republic, Trinidad, or Brazil. In total, 2136 phytophagous thrips were collected and identified, representing over 47 identified species from at least 19 genera. The significance of these species records is discussed. Of collected material 4% were potential thrips biological control agents. Natural enemies were dominated by six genera of predatory thrips (Aeolothrips, Aleurodothrips, Franklinothrips, Leptothrips, Scolothrips, and Karnyothrips). One genus each of parasitoid (Ceranisus) and predatory mite (Balaustium) were found. Based on the results of our sampling techniques, prospects for the importation of thrips natural enemies for use in a “classical” biological control program in California against S. perseae are not promising.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Biological control of three floating water weeds,<Emphasis Type="Italic">Eichhornia crassipes,Pistia stratiotes</Emphasis>, and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salviniamolesta</Emphasis> in the Republic of Congo

Since 1999, four specific weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) were released in the Republic of Congo against three exotic floating water weeds: Neochetina eichhorniae Warner and N. bruchi Hustache against water hyacinth, Neohydronomus affinis Hustache against water lettuce, and Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands against water fern. Recoveries of exotic weevils were made from all 24 release sites except one, and all four species have established and spread (up to 800 km for water hyacinth weevils). Within a few years of releases, control of water fern and water lettuce was such that fishing and navigation could be resumed, while reductions of water hyacinth populations were only beginning.     

Die GattungKarschia — Bindeglied zwischen bitunicaten Ascomyceten und lecanoralen Flechtenpilzen?

The genusKarschia, in the earlier sense, including saprophytes and parasites on lichens, has been thought to be a non-lichenized parallel genus of the lichen genusBuellia. Modern workers included it on the one hand inBuellia, on the other hand combined it with bitunicate ascomycetes. It is now proved thatKarschia is heterogeneous and contains but superficially similar members both of the genusBuellia of theLecanorales and of typical or masked bitunicateAscomycetes. Therefore, it can not be regarded as a link betweenLecanorales andDothideales. The type species ofKarschia belongs to theDothideales.

     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

Demographic characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus)

Synopsis In a fourteen month study (May 1976 – June 1977) I examined the following characteristics of an intertidal bay goby (Lepidogobius lepidus) in Morro Bay, California, U.S.A.: annual and seasonal patterns of abundance, age composition and growth rates, survivorship and mortality patterns, and the reproductive cycle for female gobies. Fishes were collected with the aid of quinaldine and otoliths and ovaries removed. Age and growth rates were estimated from otolith annuli using a back calculation formula and a Brody-Bertalanffy growth curve. Mortality rates were derived using the methods of Heincke (1913), Robson & Chapman (1960), mean age, and a catch curve (Ricker 1975). A gonad index was used to describe the annual reproductive cycle. Results indicated that abundance fluctuated seasonally and that these fluctuations appeared to be caused by reproductive emigrations. Bay gobies reached an age of 7+ and a standard length of 87 mm. Growth was relatively constant (6 mm yr⁻¹) until age 5, at which point it began to decline. The mean rates of survivorship, mortality, and instantaneous mortality were 0.75, 0.25, and 0.29 respectively. Mortality rates for individual age classes ranged from 0.13 to 0.51 and increased with age. This stock appears to reproduce mainly during the winter.     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.