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1.
To accurately know the time-dependent changes of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidative status for elucidating the mechanism
of neuropathy induced by allyl chloride (AC), the malondialdehyde (MDA), anti-reactive oxygen species (anti-ROS), glutathione
(GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated in cerebrum, spinal cord
and sciatic nerve of rats after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks of␣AC administration. AC was administrated to Wistar rats by gavage at
a single dosage of 200 mg/kg/per dose (three times per week). Rats were sacrificed after 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks of treatment,
and cerebrum, spinal cord, sciatic nerves were dissected, homogenized and used for the determination of lipid peroxidation
and antioxidative status. The results showed that MDA in cerebrum (112.4%) and sciatic nerve (113.1%) significantly increased
(P < 0.05) on third week of AC treatment and at gait score of 2, and further changes of MDA were observed after 6, 9, 12 weeks
and at gait score of 3, 4. While a decrease (P < 0.05) in the activities of GSH, CAT, GPx and SOD after 6, 9, 12 weeks intoxication and at gait score of 2, 3, 4 were observed
in cerebrum, spinal cord and sciatic nerve. Anti-ROS activities also decreased in all three nerve tissues after 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks
intoxication and at gait score of 2, 3, 4. Thus, AC intoxication was associated with elevation of lipid peroxidation and reduction
of antioxidative status, and the time-dependent changes of these indexes in Wistar rats nerve tissues occurred. Sciatic nerve
was the main target tissue and MDA was most sensitive among all indexes. The changes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative
status might be related to the degradation of nerve fiber and served as one of mechanisms of toxic neuropathy induced by AC. 相似文献
2.
Pin Wang Tao Zeng Cui-Li Zhang Xu-Cong Gao Zhen Liu Ke-Qin Xie Zhao-Fu Chi 《Neurochemical research》2009,34(7):1293-1298
Carbon monoxide (CO)-induced delayed neuron damage is the serious complication, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.
This study was designed to investigate the time-dependent changes of the lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and antioxidative
status (glutathione, GSH; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px; glutathione reductase, GR; and anti-reactive oxygen species anti-ROS)
in nerve tissues for the possible mechanisms exploration. Adult rats were treated with CO by peritoneal injection, and sacrificed
after day 0, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 of treatment. The results showed that the step-down latency progressively shortened while
the numbers of error increased. Comparing with the level of day 0, MDA levels in serum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus significantly
increased on day 1, 3 and 7. The level of GSH increased firstly but then decreased. The activities of GR, GSH-Px, and anti-ROS
decreased in serum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats after day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21. Thus, we concluded that CO-mediated
delayed neuron damage might be associated with elevation of lipid peroxidation and reduction of antioxidative status. The
time-dependent changes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidative status in serum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus, at least
in part, are involved in the toxic effects of CO poisoning on neuron. 相似文献
3.
Occupational exposure and experimental intoxication with acrylamide (ACR) produce neuropathy characterized by nerve degeneration. To investigate the mechanism of ACR-induced neuropathy, male adult Wistar rats were given ACR (20, 40 mg/kg i.p. 3 days/week) for 8 weeks. Sciatic nerves were Triton-extracted and centrifuged at a high speed (100,000 × g) to yield pellet and supernatant fractions. The contents of six cytoskeletal proteins (NF-L, NF-M, NF-H, α-tubulin, β-tubulin, and β-actin) in both fractions were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting. Results showed that the three neurofilament (NF) subunits (NF-L, NF-M, NF-H) in both the pellet and the supernatant fraction decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in the high-dosing group, except for NF-M in the pellet. α-tubulin, β-tubulin, and β-actin increased significantly in the supernatant (P < 0.01), whereas both α-tubulin and β-tubulin decreased significantly in the pellet (P < 0.01). However, β-actin was not altered significantly in the sciatic nerves pellet. These findings suggest that ACR altered the cytoskeletal protein level in sciatic nerve, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms of ACR-induced peripheral neuropathy. 相似文献
4.
《Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability》2013,25(2):106-112
AbstractThis study monitors and assesses the effect of battery-manufacturing effluent containing metals Pb, Zn and Cd on endogenous antioxidants. Malonaldehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione sulfyhydryl (GSH) and catalase (CAT) which are known biomarkers of effluent were exposed to 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% amendments for 74h on the gills, liver and kidneys of C. punctata. There was more metal Zn accumulation in the gills and GSH contents increased significantly in the gills (P<0.01), liver accumulation of Pb was found to be more (P<0.05), whereas lowest accumulation of Pb was found in kidneys and the highest accumulation of Cd (P<0.05). Over all amendments of the effluents, MDA contents were increased in the gills, liver and kidneys (P<0.01). GSH levels were decreased among the liver and kidneys compared to the gills (P<0.01) at 90% amendment. Effluent exposure caused a significant decrease in the activities of CAT in the gills, liver and kidneys (P<0.01, 0.05 and 0.05) of fish. Increased MDA activity was indicative of the formation of free radicals in the fish with exposure to amendments of battery manufacturing effluent, while increased levels of GSH pointed to the occurrence of a scavenging mechanism of free radicals. 相似文献
5.
The primary objective of this investigation was to assess the neuroprotective efficacy of spice active principles namely Eugenol (Eug) and isoeugenol (IE) in an acrylamide (ACR) neuropathy model in rats. In the present study, ACR administration (50 mg/kg bw, i.p. 3 times/week) for 5 weeks to growing rats caused typical symptoms of neuropathy. We found that treatment of ACR rats with spice active principles (10 mg/kg bw, for 5 weeks) caused marked improvement in gait score and responses in a battery of behavioral tests. Terminally, both spice active principles markedly attenuated ACR-induced markers of oxidative stress viz., reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in sciatic nerve (SN) as well as brain regions (cortex Ct, cerebellum Cb). Treatment with Eug restored the reduced glutathione levels in SN and brain regions. Interestingly, both spice active principles effectively diminished ACR-induced elevation in cytosolic calcium levels and acetylcholinesterase activity in SN and Ct. Further, the diminished activity of ATPase among ACR rats was enhanced in SN and restored in brain regions. Furthermore, Eug treatment significantly offset ACR-induced depletion in dopamine levels in brain regions. Collectively our findings suggest the propensity of these spice active principles to attenuate ACR-induced neuropathy. Further studies are necessary to understand the precise molecular mechanism/s by which these spice active principles attenuate neuropathy. Nevertheless, our data clearly demonstrate the beneficial effects of spice active principles in ACR-induced neuropathy in rats and suggest their possible therapeutic usage as an adjuvant in the management of other forms of neuropathy in humans. 相似文献
6.
Resveratrol ameliorates oxidative DNA damage and protects against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress in rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alturfan AA Tozan-Beceren A Sehirli AO Demiralp E Sener G Omurtag GZ 《Molecular biology reports》2012,39(4):4589-4596
Acrylamide (ACR), used in many fields from industrial manufacturing to laboratory personnel work is also formed during the
heating process through interactions of amino acids. Therefore ACR poses a significant risk to human health. This study aimed
to elucidate whether resveratrol (RVT) treatment could modulate ACR-induced oxidative DNA damage and oxidative changes in
rat brain, lung, liver, kidney and testes tissues. Rats were divided into four groups as control (C); RVT (30 mg/kg i.p. dissolved
in 0.9% NaCl), ACR (40 mg/kg i.p.) and RVT + ACR groups. After 10 days rats were decapitated and tissues were excised. 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine
(8-OHdG) is a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. 8-OHdG content in the extracted DNA solution was determined by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay method. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were determined
in tissues, while oxidant-induced tissue fibrosis was determined by collagen contents. Serum enzyme activities, cytokine levels,
leukocyte apoptosis were assayed in plasma. As an indicator of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OHdG levels significantly increased
in ACR group and this was reversed significantly by RVT treatment. In ACR group, GSH levels decreased significantly while
the MDA levels, MPO activity and collagen content increased in the tissues suggesting oxidative organ damage. In RVT-treated
ACR group, oxidant responses reversed significantly. Serum enzyme activities, cytokine levels and leukocyte late apoptosis
which increased following ACR administration, decreased with RVT treatment. Therefore supplementing with RVT can be useful
in individuals at risk of ACR toxicity. 相似文献
7.
Mehmet Ramazan Şekeroğlu Zübeyir Huyut Erdem Çokluk Hanefi Özbek Hamit Hakan Alp 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》2017,31(12)
Oxidative stress had a great importance in development of complications in diabetes. We investigated effects of melatonin and pentoxifylline in diabetic mice. Swiss albino mice (n = 40) were divided into four groups: alloxan‐induced diabetes mellitus (DM), alloxan‐induced diabetes with melatonin supplementation (DM + MLT), alloxan‐induced diabetes with pentoxifylline supplementation (DM + PTX), and control. Glutathione‐peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and susceptibility to oxidation of erythrocytes were measured. MDA levels were higher than control in the DM and DM + MLT. The DM had more MDA level than the DM + MLT and DM + PTX (P < 0.001). After in vitro oxidation, MDA levels of all groups were found higher than the control. However, they were significantly lower than the DM in DM + PTX and DM + MLT (P < 0.001). Although GSH levels of the DM and DM + PTX were less than the control, GSH‐Px activity of the DM was lower than the control and DM + PTX (P < 0.05). We suggest that there is increased oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant status of erythrocytes in diabetes; however, it can be effectively prevented by melatonin or pentoxifylline supplementation. 相似文献
8.
Mythri RB Venkateshappa C Harish G Mahadevan A Muthane UB Yasha TC Srinivas Bharath MM Shankar SK 《Neurochemical research》2011,36(8):1452-1463
Dopaminergic neurons die in Parkinson’s disease (PD) due to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the substantia
nigra (SN). We evaluated if oxidative stress occurs in other brain regions like the caudate nucleus (CD), putamen (Put) and
frontal cortex (FC) in human postmortem PD brains (n = 6). While protein oxidation was elevated only in CD (P < 0.05), lipid peroxidation was increased only in FC (P < 0.05) and protein nitration was unchanged in PD compared to controls. Interestingly, mitochondrial complex I (CI) activity
was unaffected in PD compared to controls. There was a 3–5 fold increase in the total glutathione (GSH) levels in the three
regions (P < 0.01 in FC and CD; P < 0.05 in Put) but activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-tranferase
were not increased. Total GSH levels were elevated in these areas because of decreased activity of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
(γ-GT) (P < 0.05) activity suggesting a decreased breakdown of GSH. There was an increase in expression of glial fibrillary acidic
protein (GFAP) (P < 0.001 in FC; P < 0.05 in CD) and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05 in CD and Put) activity due to proliferation of astrocytes. We suggest that increased GSH and astrocytic proliferation
protects non-SN brain regions from oxidative and mitochondrial damage in PD. 相似文献
9.
Jia Meng Pan Yu Jian Tong Wenshuang Sun Hui Jiang Yicun Wang Kaiwen Xue Farong Xie Hong Qian Naicheng Liu Jianning Zhao Nirong Bao 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2019,120(2):1610-1619
A rat model of tendon repair was established to investigate the effects of hydrogen water on tendon adhesion reduction. Thirty-six Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal saline (NS) group and a hydrogen water (HS) group according to the processing reagents after a tendon repairing operation. Pre- and postoperative superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) in subjects’ serum were observed. Skin fibroblasts were grouped into an NS group, H2O2 group, H2 group, and H2O2 H2 group. Expressions of Nrf2, CATA, and γ-GCS were also tested by Western blot analysis. 8-OHdG, GSH, MDA, and SOD of the cells were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The postoperative SOD activity and GSH contents were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), whereas the postoperative MDA level was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Similarly, the postoperative HS group showed significantly higher SOD activity and GSH contents (P < 0.05) but lower MDA (P < 0.05) compared with the postoperative NS group. MDA and 8-OHdG were significantly decreased in hydrogen-rich medium, while SOD and GSH were increased. The expression of Nrf2, CATA, and γ-GCS in antioxidant system were reduced after H2O2 processing, which were restored after the application of hydrogen-rich medium. Hydrogen water can reduce tendon adhesion after tendon repairing and prohibit excessive inflammatory response, which could be associated with the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. 相似文献
10.
Metalloproteinase’s Activity and Oxidative Stress in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Martín-Aragón S Bermejo-Bescós P Benedí J Felici E Gil P Ribera JM Villar AM 《Neurochemical research》2009,34(2):373-378
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress have been implicated in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease
(AD). Plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were assessed in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and AD subjects compared with aged-matched
controls, and subsequently analysed in relation to oxidative stress markers. Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 showed no significant changes
versus control subjects. Plasma glutathione peroxidase Se-dependent (GPx-Se) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were
higher in AD than in controls (P < 0.05), suggesting a role for GPx-Se in controlling oxidative stress in AD. Negative correlations were observed between MMPs
and MDA in AD and MCI patients (P < 0.05). In conclusion, oxidative stress events did not include activation of MMPs and this similar pattern in AD and MCI
suggests that both are biochemically equivalent. 相似文献
11.
Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing pigs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) content, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione
peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione transferase (GST) activities were studied in serum, liver, and kidney of growing pigs
after graded doses of cadmium administration in diets. One hundred ninety-two barrows (Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire), with
similar initial body weight 27.67±1.33 kg, were randomly allotted into 4 different treatments with 3 replications (16 pigs
per replication). The treatments received the same basal diet added with 0, 0.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg cadmium (as CdCl2), respectively. The results showed pigs treated with 10 mg/kg cadmium significantly decreased average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) and increased feed/gain ratio (F/G) (p<0.05) compared to the control. In this treatment, the contents of MDA increased significantly (p<0.05), GSH concentrations, T-AOC levels, and the activities of SOD, GSH-PX, and GST decreased significantly (p<0.05). The results indicate 10 mg/kg cadmium could decrease pig antioxidant capacity after extended exposure and cadmium-induced
increase lipid peroxidation might not be only the result of the possibility of lower level of GSH but could also be as a result
of direct action of cadmium on peroxidation reaction. 相似文献
12.
Yuping Wang Wenliang He Huiying Huang Lizhe An Di Wang Feng Zhang 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(4):839-848
Mountain environmental stresses result in increased formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of Polygonum viviparum. The activities of several antioxidative system enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC
1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1)
and the contents of several non-enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced form of ascorbate (ASC), dehydroascorbate (DHA), reduced
glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were investigated in leaves of P. viviparum, which were collected from three altitudes (2,200, 3,200, and 3,900 m) of Tianshan Mountain in China. The activities of these
four antioxidative enzymes were accompanied by increases of H2O2 levels from 2,200 to 3,200 m. However, the activities of CAT and POD were decreased, whereas the activities of SOD and GR
continually increased at 3,900 m. Analyses of isoforms of SOD, CAT, POD, and GR showed that the leaves of P. viviparum exposed different altitude conditions are capable of differentially altering the intensity. Additionally, two new isoforms
of SOD were detected at 3900 m. A continual increase in the ASC, ASC to DHA ratio, GSH and GSH/[GSH + GSSG] ratio, and the
activity of DHAR were observed in leaves of P. viviparum with the elevation of altitude. These results suggest that the higher contents of ASC, GSH as well as an increase in reduced
redox state may be essential to antioxidation processes in the leaves of P. viviparum, whereas antioxidant enzymes system is a cofactor in the processes. 相似文献
13.
Deger Y Dede S Belge A Mert N Kahraman T Alkan M 《Biological trace element research》2003,94(2):149-156
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental antioxidant vitamins and minerals on lipid peroxidation
and on the antioxidant systems in rabbits exposed to X-rays. The rabbits were divided into two experimental groups and one
control group, each group containing seven rabbits. The first group (VG) received daily oral doses of vitamin E (460 mg/kg
live weight) and vitamin C (100 mg/kg live weight). The second group (MG) was fed a mineral-enriched diet that contained 60
mg manganese chloride, 40 mg zinc sulfate, and 5 mg copper sulfate per kilogram of feed. The third group served as controls
and received only a standard diet. Blood samples were obtained before and after the supplementation with vitamins or minerals,
as well as before and after irradiation with a total dose of 550-rad X-rays. The blood samples were analyzed for their content
of malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma vitamins C and E, retinol, reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase activity
(GPx). After irradiation, the control group showed increased levels of MDA and activity of GPx (p<0.05), whereas the levels of GSH, vitamin C, and vitamin E were decreased. In the VG, the concentration of MDA was lower
(p<0.05), and the concentration of GSH and vitamins C and E were higher (p<0.05) when compared to controls. In the MG, the concentrations of MDA, GSH, vitamin C, and retinol were not affected by the
mineral administration and radiation. The level of vitamin E in the MG increased with mineral administration (p<0.05), but decreased after irradiation (p<0.05). For the control group, the level of GSH was higher than in the two experimental groups. After irradiation, the VG
animals had vitamin E and C levels that were higher than in MG and control groups (p<0.05). The activity of GPx was not affected by vitamin or mineral supplementation or by irradiation. We conclude that the
supplementation with antioxidant vitamins and minerals may serve to reinforce the antioxidant systems, thus having a protective
effect against cell damage by X-rays. 相似文献
14.
Effect of Different Selenium Sources on Productive Performance,Serum and Milk Se Concentrations,and Antioxidant Status of Sows 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Huijuan Hu Min Wang XiuAn Zhan Xing Li RuQian Zhao 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):471-480
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different selenium (Se) sources on productive performance, serum and
milk Se concentrations, and antioxidant status of sows. A total of 12 sows (Landrace×Yorkshire) with same pregnancy were randomly
divided into two groups; each group was replicated six times. These two groups received the same basal gestation and lactation
diets containing 0.042 mg Se/kg, supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg sodium selenite or selenomethionine (i.e., seneno-dl-methylseleno), respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days, with 32 and 28 days for gestation and lactation period,
respectively. Compared with sodium selenite, maternal selenomethionine intake significantly increased (P < 0.05) the weaning litter weight and average weight of piglet. The Se concentration in the serum, colostrum, and milk of
sows were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the selenomethionine-treated group. The antioxidant status was greatly improved in sows of selenomethionine-treated
group and was illuminated by the increased total antioxidant capability (T-AOC; P < 0.05) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA; P < 0.01) level in the serum of sows, increased T-AOC (P < 0.05), glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (P < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (P < 0.05) and GSH (P < 0.05), and MDA (P < 0.05) level in the colostrum and milk of sows. These results suggested that maternal selenomethionine intake improved Se
concentration and antioxidant status of sows, thus maintain maternal health and increase productive performance after Se was
transferred to its offspring. 相似文献
15.
Mehri S Abnous K Mousavi SH Shariaty VM Hosseinzadeh H 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2012,32(2):227-235
Acrylamide (ACR) is a potent neurotoxic in human and animal models. In this study, the effect of crocin, main constituent
of Crocus sativus L. (Saffron) on ACR-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated using PC12 cells as a suitable in vitro model. The exposure of PC12
cells to ACR reduced cell viability, increased DNA fragmented cells and phosphatidylserine exposure, and elevated Bax/Bcl-2
ratio. Results showed that ACR increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and ROS played an important
role in ACR cytotoxicity. The pretreatment of cells with 10–50 μM crocin before ACR treatment significantly attenuated ACR
cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Crocin inhibited the downregulation of Bcl-2 and the upregulation of Bax and decreased
apoptosis in treated cells. Also, crocin inhibited ROS generation in cells exposed to ACR. In conclusion, our results indicated
that pretreatment with crocin protected cells from ACR-induced apoptosis partly by inhibition of intracellular ROS production. 相似文献
16.
Sun XH Che YQ Tong XJ Zhang LX Feng Y Xu AH Tong L Jia H Zhang X 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2009,29(3):347-353
The objective of the paper is to evaluate the effect of acellular nerve allografts (ANA) seeded with Schwann cells to promote
nerve regeneration after bridging the sciatic nerve defects of rats and to discuss its acting mechanisms. Schwann cells were
isolated from neonatal Wistar rats. In vitro Schwann cells were microinjected into acellular nerve allografts and co-cultured.
Twenty-four Wistar rats weighing 180–220 g were randomly divided into three groups with eight rats in each group: ANA seeded
with Schwann cells (ANA + SCs), ANA group and autografts group. All the grafts were, respectively, served for bridging a 10-mm
long surgically created sciatic nerve gap. Examinations of regeneration nerve were performed after 12 weeks by transmission
electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electrophysiological methods, and then analyzed statistically.
The results obtained indicated that in vitro Schwann cells displayed the feature of bipolar morphology with oval nuclei. Compared
with ANA group, the conduction velocity of ANA + SCs group and autograft group was faster after 12 weeks, latent period was
shorter, and wave amplitude was higher (P < 0.05). The difference between ANA + SCs group and autograft group is not significant (P > 0.05). Regeneration nerve myelinated fiber number, myelin sheath thickness, and myelinated fibers/total nerves (%) in both
ANA + SCs group and autograft group are higher than that in ANA group; the difference is significant (P < 0.05). The difference between the former two is not significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, ANA seeded with SCs could improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery after bridging the sciatic
nerve gap of rats, which offers a novel approach for the repair peripheral nerve defect. 相似文献
17.
Acrylamide (ACR) is known to produce central–peripheral distal axonopathy, which is characterized by distal swellings and
secondary degeneration both in experimental animals and human. Ultrastructurally, excessive accumulation of neurofilaments
(NFs) in the distal swollen axon is a major pathological hallmark. However, the mechanisms of ACR axonopathy remain unknown.
Twenty seven male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. Lower and higher ACR groups were received 20 and 40 mg/kg
ACR by i.p. injection respectively. The control group received physiological saline. All rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks
of treatment and their cerebrums were dissected, homogenized and used for the determination of the NF proteins. In general,
the levels of light NF (NF-L) and medium NF (NF-M) subunits increased consistently in the supernatant, whereas they decreased
consistently in the pellet from rats treated with ACR. Compared to that of the control group, the levels of NF-L increased
respectively by 104% and 45% (P<0.01) in the supernatant and decreased by 16% and 11% (P<0.01) in the pellet of rat cerebrums in lower and higher groups. The enhancement of NF-M was 76% and 147% (P<0.05, P<0.01) in supernatant, and the reduction was 26% and 36% (P<0.01) in pellet in lower and higher group respectively. The heavy NF (NF-H) level changed slightly. The present results suggested
that the change of NF-L and NF-M levels in cerebrum might be relevant to the mechanisms of the neurofilamentous axonopathies
induced by ACR. 相似文献
18.
Zwirska-Korczala K Adamczyk-Sowa M Polaniak R Sowa P Birkner E Drzazga Z Brzozowski T Konturek SJ 《Biological trace element research》2004,102(1-3):227-243
Effects of melatonin, extremely-low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF), and their combination on AT478 murine squamous cell
carcinoma line were studied. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD), and glutathione
peroxidase (GSH-Px) were used as markers of cells antioxidative status, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was used as a marker
of lipid peroxidation. After melatonin treatment, antioxidative enzyme activities were increased and MDA level was decreased.
Application of ELF-MF on treated cells caused an increase of both superoxide dismutases activity and MDA level, but influence
of ELF-MF on GSH-Px activity was negligible. All enzyme activity in culture medium containing melatonin (10−3, 10−4, 10−5
M) after exposure to ELF-MF were significantly diminished compared to cells treated only with melatonin. Also MDA levels after
combined treatment with melatonin and ELF-MF were significantly decreased. Observed changes were statistically significant
(p<0.05). These results strongly suggest that ELF-MF attenuates antioxidative actions of melatonin on cellular level. 相似文献
19.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is one of the major dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and induces apoptosis in several cancer
cells. In this study, the EPA induced lipid peroxidation and response of antioxidative enzymes have been investigated in rat
pheochromocytoma PC12 cells to elucidate the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by the polyunsaturated fatty acid EPA. We have
analyzed superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and glutathione (GSH) contents
in PC12 cells after exposure to different concentrations of EPA. Lipid peroxidation was shown to increase in the presence
of EPA as an indication of the oxidative damage. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced by EPA in a dose-dependent manner, and the
loss of cell viability was partially reversed by vitamin E. In the case of antioxidant enzyme activities, SOD and GPX activities
and GSH contents increased significantly at 50 μmol/L EPA and were respectively 2.41-fold (p < 0.01), 3.49-fold (p < 0.05), and 1.43-fold (p < 0.05) higher than controls. The CAT activity at 10 μmol/L had the highest value and was increased by 25.83% (p < 0.05) compared to control. The results suggest that in PC12 cells the mechanism of apoptosis induced by EPA may be partly
due to lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
20.
Harish G Venkateshappa C Mahadevan A Pruthi N Srinivas Bharath MM Shankar SK 《Neurochemistry international》2011,59(7):1029-1042
The equilibrium between antioxidant function and oxidative stress is implicated in brain pathology. However, human studies on oxidant and antioxidant markers rely on postmortem tissue that might be affected by pre and postmortem factors. To evaluate the effect of these variables, we tested whether antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase] glutathione (GSH) and related enzymes [gamma glutamylcysteine ligase (GCL), GSH peroxidase (GPx), GSH reductase (GR), GSH-S-transferase (GST)] and malondialdehyde (MDA, marker of lipid peroxidation) are affected in postmortem human brains (n = 50) by increase in postmortem interval (2.5–26 h), gender difference and agonal state [based on Glasgow coma scale (GCS): range: 3–15] in different anatomical regions-frontal cortex (FC), cerebellum (CB) medulla oblongata (MO), substantia nigra (SN) and hippocampus (HC). While SOD and catalase activities were relatively unaltered, GR and GPx activities were affected by agonal state (GR in CB, p < 0.05; GPx in MO, p < 0.05) indicating altered GSH dynamics during the secondary events following neuronal injury. MO, SN and HC displayed low GSH compared to FC and CB. Total GSH level was decreased with PMI (MO, p = 0.02) which could be partly attributed to increase in MDA levels with increasing PMI in MO (p < 0.05). Total GSH level was higher in CB (p < 0.017) and MO (p < 0.04) in female brains compared to males. Interestingly, HC and SN regions showed significant stability in most of the markers tested. We suggest that while SOD and catalase were relatively unaffected by the pre and postmortem factors, GSH and its metabolic enzymes were significantly altered and this was more pronounced in MO of postmortem human brains. These data highlight the influence of pre and postmortem factors on GSH dynamics and the inherent differences in brain regions, with implications for studies on brain pathophysiology employing human samples. 相似文献