百合花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁运动前次生胞间连丝形成的研究

百合花粉母细胞间染色质穿壁运动前(细线期到偶线期)的花药,用一般电镜制片法和铅沉淀法对酸性磷酸酶活性的细胞化学反应产物的定位实验,其结果总结如下:(1)形成次生胞间连丝通道水解作用所需的酶可能是由“类溶酶体”小泡或由内质网腔直接分泌的;(2)次生胞间连丝通道的水解作用,可在细胞壁的两边细胞同时开始,先形成半胞间连丝,然后贯穿??在一起;或从一侧开始,一直穿孔到另一边,最后两者都能形成胞间连丝;(3)用铅沉淀法进行的酸性磷酸酶细胞化学的定位实验表明:在质膜、内质网、类溶酶体小泡中的酶活性反应产物沉积的部位与一般电镜法制备的切片上看到的电子致密度物质的分布情况完全一致,(4)用X-射线微区能谱分析的结果表明:沉淀物中含有铅元素,确实是磷酸铅。因此我们推测所谓“类溶酶体”以及内质网所分泌的水解酶,可能具有果胶酶、纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的性质,它们都能降解、穿孔各自的细胞壁形成胞间连丝。     

枸杞花药发育过程中钙的分布

在枸杞花药发育过程中,用焦锑酸钾沉淀的钙颗粒显示出了一个与花药发育事件有关的分布特征：在孢原细胞时期的花药中钙颗粒很少。在造孢细胞到小孢子母细胞时期,花药中钙颗粒增加。当花粉母细胞进行减数分裂时,花药中的钙颗粒进一步增加,尤其是在小孢子母细胞的胼胝质壁中。在小孢子发育早期,花药药隔部位的绒毡层细胞质中钙颗粒也明显增加并特异性地分布在其内切向壁上。当小孢子被释放出后,钙颗粒开始特异性积累在正在形成的花粉外壁中,尤其在萌发孔的部位聚集了大量的钙颗粒。当小孢子形成大液泡时,其细胞质中的钙颗粒明显减少。在小孢子分裂形成二胞花粉后,在二胞花粉的大液泡中又特异性地出现许多细小钙颗粒。随着二胞花粉的大液泡完全消失,其细胞质中又出现了许多钙颗粒。接近开花时的成熟花粉粒细胞质中,细小的钙颗粒主要分布在营养细胞和生殖细胞中。枸杞花药发育过程中钙的分布特征反映了其参与调控花粉发育过程。     

百合花粉母细胞核骨架的超微结构观察

参照动物细胞核骨架的研究方法,用整装电镜技术和DGD包埋-去包埋技术研究了选择性抽提的和完整的百合(Lilium davidii var. willmottiae (Wilson) Roffill)花粉母细胞。结果表明,住减数分裂前期Ⅰ,百合花粉母细胞核内存在一个精细的非染色质纤维——核骨架。该网络由5～15nm的纤维交织而成,广泛地分布于细胞核内。这些核骨架有的分布于染色体间,有的分布于染色体周围,并与染色体和核仁相连。随着减数分裂时间的推移,染色体(质)间核骨架纤维逐渐减少,染色体(质)周围的核骨架纤维逐渐增多,并与染色体内部的纤维结构相连,表明核骨架一方面为染色体拓扑变化提供一个空间支架,另一方面也可能参与了染色体骨架的构建。     

麦冬花药绒毡层和乌氏体的细微结构

麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)的绒毡层发育为分泌型。在小孢子母细胞时期,绒毡层细胞达到了发育的高峰。此时,绒毡层细胞中细胞器非常丰富,具大量线粒体、高尔基体和质体,尤以肉质网含量最多;原乌氏体出现较早,在小孢子母细胞时期绒毡层细胞中就已出现;四分体时期,大量原乌氏体被排入内切向面的质膜和纤维素壁之间;到了小孢子早期,绒毡层细胞失去细胞壁,原乌氏体分布在质膜的凹陷处,孢粉素物质在其上沉积,发育为乌氏体,乌氏体有单个和复合两种类型;当花粉成熟时,绒毡层细胞完全解体。     

枸杞花药发育过程中脂滴和淀粉粒的分布特征

宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarurn L．)花药发育过程中,淀粉粒和脂滴两种营养物质的积累和分布具有一定的特点：在造孢细胞时期,药隔薄壁细胞,表皮和药室内壁细胞中开始积累淀粉粒,而造孢细胞、绒毡层细胞和中层细胞中则没有淀粉粒。在四分体时期,绒毡层细胞开始积累脂滴并且数量逐渐增加。到小孢子晚期,绒毡层细胞降解,内含脂滴流入药室中。在小孢子发育过程中既没有淀粉粒也没有脂滴积累,直到二胞花粉的大液泡消失后花粉粒中才开始积累脂滴,然后又开始出现淀粉粒。枸杞成熟花粉中的营养储存物是脂滴和淀粉粒。     

DIFFERENTIATION OF THE JUNCTIONAL COMPLEX OF SURFACE CELLS IN THE DEVELOPING FUNDULUS BLASTODERM

The structure of the junctional complex between surface cells was investigated in blastula, mid gastrula, late gastrula, and early embryo of the teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus. In blastulae, the intercellular complex is simple and consists of an apical region where the adjacent membranes are closely apposed (40–60 A) and in places touch, an intermediate zone with a wider intercellular space (> 100 A), and incipient desmosomes. In gastrulae, there are frequent points of fusion of membranes along the apical zone of the complex. Dilatations and an increased number of desmosomes in different stages of development are found along the intermediate zone. In mid gastrula, a close or gap junction with an intercellular space of 20 A occurs below the level of the desmosomes. In late gastrula, the gap junction is reduced in extent and desmosomes are better developed. In the early embryo, the basic organization of the complex is the same, although the deeply situated close junctions are no longer apparent and desmosomes and their associated system of filaments are well developed. At this time, the junctional complex is comparable to that of many epithelia and consists of an apical zonula occludens, a short zonula adherens, and deeply situated maculae adherentes.     

大鼠海马移植物内神经元与CA能纤维之间突触联系的研究

将胎龄为１７ｄ的大鼠胚胎海马（移植物）移植到同种成年大鼠（宿主）腹海马,９０ｄ后,用ＴＨ免疫细胞化学方法对海马移植物内神经元与儿茶酚胺（ｃａｔｅｃｈｏｌａｍｉｎｅ ＣＡ）能纤维之间的突触联系进行上观察。免疫组织化学显示,宿主海马内有大量ＴＨ免疫反应纤维。这些纤维是直径为０．５－１μｍ的细纤维。它们的分布密度是,齿回门区和ＣＡ３区透明层内较密集,分子层次之,锥体细胞层和颗粒细胞层内较稀疏。在移植物的     

PROLIFERATIVE BEHAVIOR OF DIFFERENTIATING CELLS IN THE DEVELOPING RAT PAROTID GLAND

Parotid glands of litters of rats at age intervals from 20 days in utero to 100 days were assayed for DNA content and examined by light- and electron-microscopy. The age differences in total DNA and DNA concentration indicated that there was a rapid rate of proliferation of parenchymal cells until 25 postnatal days, after which the rate declined rapidly, and that there was a rapid increase in cell size between 18 and 25 days. These findings were substantiated by histologic observations, such as the presence of numerous mitotic figures until 25 days of age, and the rapid maturation of the acinar cells between 18 and 25 days. These data suggest that the acinar cells of the rat parotid gland comprise an expanding cell population. Light- and electron-microscopic observations consistently indicated that cells with mitotic figures were about as well differentiated as other parenchymal cells at all stages of gland development, including mature acinar cells observed at ages 23 and 25 days. These observations support the view that the division of cells in advanced stages of differentiation may be important in the growth of certain organs and tissues.     

百合花粉母细胞腺苷三磷酸酶反应产物的X-射线微区分析

百合早前期花粉母细胞经腺苷三磷酸酶反应处理后,一部分经过锇酸后固定和铀染色,一部分不经锇酸后固定和铀染色,其余的经锇酸固定,但不经铀染色,在此三种情况下,细胞质膜和染色质中都出现有致密的,电子不通透的沉淀。进一步的X-射线微区分析表明这些沉淀物中含有一定量的铅。X-射线微区分析结果也表明核膜和胞间连丝通道内部的酶反应沉淀中也含有铅,并且质膜、染色质和胞间连丝通道中酶反应沉淀中的铅较为丰富,细胞融合期染色质酶反应沉淀物中的铅含量较高,进入粗线期后,酶反应沉淀物中铅的含量下降。本研究结果表明百合早前期花粉母细胞的质膜、染色质、核膜及胞间连丝通道内部的确具有ATP酶活性;ATP酶在细胞融合过程中可能起重要作用。     

百合离体生殖细胞骨架的扫描电镜观察

从百合的花粉管分离出来的生殖细胞,经表面活化剂Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００ 及核糖核酸酶、硫酸铵离析处理。离析后的细胞经临界点干燥,扫描电镜观察显示：在离体生殖细胞的胞质内有一个非常复杂的支架网络系统。这一网络系统有内外两层：外层（靠近细胞膜）网络结构紧密,纤维束粗长;内层（靠近核）网络结构疏松,纤维束短细。一些间接证据显示,这一支架网络系统可能为微管骨架     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIURNAL VARIATION OF THE NUMBER OF CELLS IN MITOSIS AND OF THE NUMBER OF CELLS SYNTHESIZING DNA IN THE EPITHELIUM OF THE HAMSTER CHEEK POUCH

1. The numbers of cells in mitosis and in DNA synthesis in the epithelium of the hamster cheek pouch have been studied at different times of the day and night. 2. By accumulation of mitotic cells using colcemid, both the rate of entry of cells into mitosis and the duration of mitosis have been estimated at two different times of day. 3. A diurnal variation has been demonstrated in both the mitotic index and in the tritiated thymidine labelling index. Although these variations are of different amplitude and timing, the experimental data fit closely to the hypothesis that the diurnal mitotic variation is the result of a partially synchronous population moving through the DNA synthetic period. No direct action on the mitotic process need be postulated. 4. From the results of mitotic accumulation, it is clear that the rate of entry of cells into mitosis depends on the time of day at which this is studied. There is also the possibility that the duration of mitosis is slightly longer when the mitotic index is high. 5. It is concluded that, at least in the epithelium of the hamster cheek pouch, the diurnal rhythm in the number of mitoses present is a reflection of the diurnal variation in the number of cells synthesizing DNA at some time earlier. Small fluctuations in the mitotic pattern imposed by this partially synchronous population moving from S into mitosis, could be caused by slight variations in the duration of mitosis.     

幽门螺杆菌耐甲硝唑基因分型与耐药性关系研究

目的：了解幽门螺杆菌（Hp）对甲硝唑的耐药株状况,探讨耐甲硝唑基因分型与耐药性的关系。方法：分离培养Hp,以纸片扩散法检测Hp对甲硝唑的耐药性,再用PCR方法扩增甲硝唑耐药基因,用RFLP方法进行基因分型,最后比较基因型与耐药性的关系。结果：武汉地区人群Hp对甲硝唑耐药率为67％,耐药株基因型与耐药性有相关性。结论：可以以基因型鉴定Hp对甲硝唑的耐药性,此方法,稳定可靠。     

小麦胚乳细胞中肌动蛋白纤丝分布格局的荧光显微观察

以异硫氰四甲基罗丹明－鬼笔环肽为探针,结合电视显微镜术对呈现原生质胞间运动的小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）胚乳细胞胞质中肌动蛋白纤丝（ＡＦｓ）的存在与分布格局进行了观察与分析。结果表明,ＡＦｓ以多种形式在胚乳细胞内呈区域性分布：胞核为ＡＦｓ网络所包围,ＡＦｓ成束由核周向四处辐射直抵周质层,大量纤细ＡＦｓ在胞质皮层内呈无序的密集分布以及腹沟区细胞内ＡＦｓ梭状体的大量汇集。联系胞质组分在胞间运动中的动态与胞质纤索对ＣＢ处理的反应,讨论了ＡＦｓ的不同存在状态与胞质纤索的伸缩穿越和细胞基质的集流迁移这两种胞间运动方式的关系     

人胎儿呼吸道肥大细胞的组化特征及其共与其它细胞的关系

用组织化学技术方法 ,我们对 5 0例不同胎龄人胎儿的鼻粘膜和气管的组织内的肥大细胞组织化学特征以及其与周围其它细胞的关系进行了研究。结果发现 :随着胎龄的增加 ,肥大细胞的颗粒甲苯胺蓝 (TB)染色时从浅紫色加深至深紫色 ,Alcian蓝·藏红 (AB· S)染色呈从蓝色到出现红色、红蓝混合染色的变化 ,临界电解质浓度 (CEC)值和硫酸小蘖碱荧光染色强度逐渐增高 ;多见肥大细胞与成纤维细胞、淋巴细胞和毛细血管内皮等密切接触 ,且出现在神经内、外膜之中。这提示 :1肥大细胞的发育成熟与胎儿呼吸道器官的发育是相关的。 2肥大细胞可能参与细胞、组织的分化成熟。     

THE NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT OF DEVELOPING BARLEY ALEURONE CELLS

The nuclear DNA content of developing barley aleurone cells was examined by Feulgen cytophotometry using the Cytophotometric Data Conversion (CYDAC) system. At no time in their development did aleurone cells exhibit a single peak corresponding to the triploid (3N) amount of DNA. Although considerable heterogeneity was observed at every stage of development, the mean nuclear DNA content approximately doubled from the earliest to the most mature stage.