论锥叠层石群(Conophyton)的形态发生——对苏北新元古代九顶山组一个似锥叠层石的剖析

根据对苏北新元古代九顶山组似锥叠层石标本的剖析,初步揭示构成似Conophyton叠层石的微生物席可以分为两类.这两类席被作者称为"开端微生物席(first microbial mat)”和"继承微生物席(succedent microbial mat)”.它们在整个叠层石发生和发育过程中起作不同作用.Conophyton叠层石的形态发生可能与开端微生物席的造型有着密切联系,这类微生物席在叠层石形成过程中起作生长"芽”或模具作用.继承微生物席仅仅起作叠层石的增高或增大的作用,它的发育经常受环境制约.     

锥叠层石向阳性探讨

锥叠层石(Conophyton),前人已经作出了良好的古生物学、地层学、古生态学、沉积学和古地磁学研究成果。本文在此基础上对Conophyton的向阳性判别标志开展探讨。初步认为:锥叠层石的高峰型和低峰型两种形态在空间分布上存在相互垂直的组合关系,高峰型锥叠层石两翼的藻席发育或藻丝体密度存在一定程度的不对称性。这种现象似乎与锥叠层石生活的弱动力水流环境而又具有较强趋光性能力有关。通过野外定向标本采集和室内薄片观察,获得新元古代九顶山组锥叠层石的古向阳性方向为现今地理坐标的NE45°。     

中国叠层石研究的历史和现状

中国前寒武纪地层分布广泛。在20世纪70-80年代,中国学者对晚前寒武纪的叠层石进行了系统的研究,描述了类型众多的叠层石属种,并把叠层石组合应用于地层的划分和对比。近年来,为了揭示叠层石的形态发生,中国学者正在探讨硅质叠层石的生物组构模式和叠层石微层理的成因,以及叠层石中微生物生长、运动和造席过程。     

叠层石衰减事件

“叠层石”这一术语是1908年Kalkowsky首先定义的,用来描述具有多少近似平面状、生物成因细纹层构造的灰岩体。叠层石这个词的使用和定义经历了逐渐的变化,现在大家一致认为叠层石是蓝细菌等微生物群体形成的一种层状的生物沉积构造,如下图所示。近代叠层石主要形成于清水环境、海边缘、潮间带的浅水环境。叠层石并不一定是碳酸盐岩,也可以是硅质岩、蒸发岩或磷酸盐。许多金属矿沉积都与叠层石有密切联系,尤其是叠层石礁。在叠层石形成过程中,微生物对于各种自生矿物的沉淀起到了重要作用,包括碳酸盐、磷酸盐、氧化物、硫化物和硒酸盐。微…     

徐淮地区新元古代叠层石组合

徐淮地区新元古代海相碳酸盐岩地层分布广泛,其中由微生物生命活动形成的叠层石十分发育,构成了各种形态及规模的礁体,文内拟就该区地层序列中叠层石组合及其演变过程,讨论其环境的变迁及区域地层对比,根据徐淮地区叠层石组合的层位分布特点,可划分为3个亚组合,自上而下分别为：亚组合I,星散分布于贾园组,赵圩组及九里桥组,以Baicalia,Jurusania,Inzeria,Crassphloem,Grmnosolen及Stratifera为特征,形成小型点礁和生物丘,亚组合Ⅱ。广泛分布于倪园组,九顶山组,张渠组,魏集组,史家组,望山组及四顶山组,包括Conophyton,Jacutophyton,Acaciella,Baicalia,Jurusania,Linella,Tungussia,Anabaria,Minjaria,Katavia,Gymnosolen,Colonnella及Stratifera等多种类型,建造起巨大而复杂的堡礁,堤礁,斑礁,环礁及生物丘／层,亚组合Ⅲ,仅见于金山寨组,以Boxonia,Xiehiella及Anabaria为主,构成中型的点礁及生物丘,这套叠层石组合面貌,造礁规模及多样化程度说明,它们显然形成于新元古代大冰期之前的叠层石繁盛期,其层位大致可与我国华北及东北青白口系上部,俄罗斯上里菲系及澳大利亚苦泉组的叠层石组合对比。     

末前寒武纪叠层石衰退事件的研究

叠层石是前寒武纪最为常见的生物化石之一,它经历了从开拓性发育→广泛繁盛→急剧衰退的一个明显的发展过程.叠层石是微生物和沉积双重作用下形成的一种生物——沉积建造体.它在地质历史上的盛衰不仅与地球早期微生物群的演化有关,而且与地表环境的深刻变化(包括大气圈和水圈的变化)有着密切的联系.在整个发展阶段中,叠层石(主要指柱叠层石)由繁盛向衰退的转变几乎是全球性和突发     

华北高于庄组硅化微体化石组合的古环境

华北中元古代高于庄组 ( 1 4- 1 5亿年 )的硅质叠层石中保存了完好的多种微生物化石。从这些叠层石的微细构造分析 ,成岩早期硅质矿物的交代作用为微体化石的原位保存起了很重要的作用。除部分居住者和浮游的分子外 ,两种丝状蓝藻 ( Siphonophycus inornatum和Eoschizothric composita)和两种球状蓝藻 ( Coccostratusdispergens和 Eoentophysalisbelcherensis)是这些藻席的主要建造者。以球状蓝藻 Eoentophysalis为主的藻席可能发育于潮下高能环境中 ;而以多种丝状蓝藻为主的藻席可能反映了当时的沉积环境为中—高潮间带的局部静止小水体     

北京十三陵地区前寒武纪雾迷山组叠层石和藻席中的藻类群落

北京十三陵地区位于燕山的中段,是华北晚前寒武纪地层发育良好的地区之一。本区雾迷山组厚两千余米,主要分布在萃花山,小宫门东山及卧虎山一带。数年前,笔者在本区萃花山雾迷山组一段采集到一批微小的柱状叠层石与层纹状藻席相互共生的标本,其中一些标本是由黑色燧石组成的。通过切片方法研究,我们发现在一些由黑色燧石组成的叠层石和藻席中保存有多种形态的微化石。作者扼要记述了这些微化石的形态特征,并将这一微化石群与世界其它地区的前寒武纪微生物组合进行比较,并探讨了这一微化石群的生态环境。     

编制叠层石性状号码的初步尝试

一、前言在缺乏标准化石的前寒武系,叠层石或用来探索地层的划分和对比,或作为古生态标志,已越来越多地引起地质学家的重视。尽管在叠层石研究中目前仍明显存在两种截然不同的方向,即用于生物地层学或解释古环境。但不论研究目的如何,科学地记录和比较有关现象中的叠层石形态和结构性状,都是必不可少的一步。在以往对叠层石的研究中,由于采用的分类系统各异,各家对性状认识的侧重点也不相     

晚震旦世灯影组叠层石中微生物的排列方式和降解序列

在江苏丹徒县黄墟乡灯影组下部，分布黑色燧石质叠层石，经切片研究，发现叠层石纹层中保存大量隶属于Eomycetopsis sp，Siphonophycus sp．和？Animlkiea sp．等管状衣鞘类微化石，从逮些衣鞘化石排列规律中，可以看出组成叠层石原始藻丝的生长节律和趋光性的生长方式以及这些衣鞘类微化石从保存至降解过程中形态变化的序列。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.