Localization of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Cells

Abstract: We have investigated basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) localization in and release from isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. In contrast to previous reports, we found no evidence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) storage in catecholamine-containing chromaffin granules. Subcellular fractionation studies did not show enrichment of FGF-2 immunoreactivity in granules, and cholinergic stimulation failed to release FGF-2 into the medium. Our results suggest that adrenal chromaffin cells resemble other FGF-2-synthesizing cell types with respect to FGF storage and secretion.     

人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子突变体的高效表达

用PCR法将人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(hbFGF)基因中编码第25、69和92位的半胱氨酸(Cys)密码子突变为丝氨酸(Ser)密码子,将突变的hbFGFcDNA片断与表达质粒pET3c连接,构建重组质粒pET3chbFGFSer25,69,92。hbFGFSer25,69,92在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中的表达量大于30%。通过阳离子交换和肝素亲和层析两步纯化,得到纯度大于95%的hbFGFSer25,69,92。MTT法测定纯化的产物活性表明,hbFGFSer25,69,92突变体促Balb/c细胞增殖的活性与野生型hbFGF相当,为下一步对hbFGFSer25,69,92突变体进行定点化学修饰打下了基础。     

Differential Effects of Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors on Spinal Cord Cholinergic, GABAergic, and Glutamatergic Neurons

When spinal cord cultures from embryonic day 12 rats were cultured at low density, both acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors significantly increased neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor were independent of heparin, in contrast to its mitogenic effects on both NIH3T3 cells and cerebral cortical astrocytes. In high-density cultures, acidic fibroblast growth factor increased choline acetyltransferase activity by 57%, glutamic acid decarboxylase activity by 58%, and aspartate aminotransferase activity by 65%. Basic fibroblast growth factor increased choline acetyltransferase activity by 73% and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity by 200% but decreased aspartate aminotransferase activity by 40%. Growing these cultures in the presence of a mitotic inhibitor did not significantly alter the effect of acidic or basic fibroblast growth factor on these enzyme activities. These results demonstrate that acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors differentially affect neurotransmitter enzyme levels of multiple classes of neurons, rather than having effects on a single neuronal population.     

Epidermal Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Have Independent Actions on Mesencephalic Dopamine Neurons in Culture

Abstract: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibro-blast growth factor (bFGF) are both trophic for dopamine neurons s in cultures of dissociated embryonic rat mesen-cephaion, but the significance of this apparent overlap in neurotrophic activity is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of action of these two growth factors and the potential relationship between them, Using a nuclease protection assay, we determined that bFGF mRNA was expressed in the cultures. Double-label immunocytochemistry revealed that bFGF immunore-active material could be detected in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactive astrocytes. EGF treatment increased bFGF mRNA content per culture dish. As we have previously demonstrated that EGF exerts its dopaminergic neurotrophic activity via an intermediate cell type, studies were designed to address whether the pathway by which EGF acts on dopaminergic neurons is mediated by the release of bFGF. However, the trophic action of EGF on dopamine neurons, represented by high-affinity neuronal dopamine uptake, could not be blocked by immunoneutralization of bFGF, suggesting that the actions of EGF were not mediated by bFGF release. The time course of the effects of EGF and bFGF on dopamine uptake were similar, with significant increases detectable only after 5 days in culture. Both growth factors were active in the picomolar-to-nannomolar range with maximal trophic activity between 0.4 and 2.5 n M. EGF, however, was the more potent mitogen under these conditions. When cultures were simultaneously incubated with maximal concentrations of EGF and bFGF, the effect on dopamine uptake was significantly greater than with either growth factor alone and, in fact, approximated the sum of the individual effects. On the basis of these results we conclude that these growth factors have independent effects on dopamine neurons of the mesencephalon.     

Epidermal Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Protect Dopaminergic Neurons from Glutamate Toxicity in Culture

Abstract: In this report we characterize the toxicity of the excitatory amino acid l -glutamate with respect to dopaminergic neurons cultured from embryonic rat mesencephalon. We also demonstrate that two growth factors, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), can protect these neurons from damage. Micromolar concentrations of l -glutamate, as well as agonists that specifically activate N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors, are all toxic to dopamine neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, as reflected by decreases in high-affinity dopamine uptake and confirmed by decreases in numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons. Although the non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione could attenuate the effects of quisqualate, treatment with this antagonist could not eliminate the effects of glutamate itself. Similarly, (±)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid was effective against NMDA toxicity but could not protect cells from quisqualate toxicity. Thus, each type of receptor could mediate neurotoxicity independently of the other. The presence of EGF or bFGF in the culture medium conferred a relative resistance of dopaminergic neurons to glutamate and quisqualate neurotoxicity by increased glutamate transport. However, treatment of the cultures with l - trans -pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, an inhibitor of glutamate transport, attenuated but did not eliminate the protective effects of both growth factors against glutamate toxicity. When cultures were incubated with conditioned medium from growth factor-treated cultures, neuroprotection was also achieved. These results suggest that both EGF and bFGF can protect neurons from neurotoxicity in culture by increasing the capacity of the culture for glutamate uptake as well as by the secretion of soluble factors into the medium.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠晚期周围神经再生作用的实验研究

目的探讨外源性碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对晚期周围神经再生的作用.方法50只SD大鼠随机分治疗组、对照组各25只,切断右侧坐骨神经,12周后予以修复,修复术后每日分别给予bFGF和生理盐水,行神经电生理和组织学检查.结果治疗组和对照组修复处远段神经均有不同程度再生,4周时已可见到再生轴突,且治疗组多见.计量分析治疗组运动神经传导速度、神经肌肉动作电位幅值、髓鞘厚度、再生轴突直径和截面积明显优于对照组.治疗组与对照组相比,差异有显著性.结论bFGF能促进晚期周围神经再生.     

一种促分裂活性降低的hbFGF突变体的表达及纯化(英文)

为了降低由人碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(hbFGF)的广谱促分裂活性引起的潜在副作用,用中性氨基酸丙氨酸取代了hbFGF第108位的丝氨酸,构建了促分裂活性降低的hbFGF突变体(mhbFGF)。IPTG诱导突变体在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达。mhbFGF的表达量约为全菌体蛋白的30％。通过离子交换和肝素亲和层析从菌体上清中纯化目标蛋白。MTT法检测促分裂活性表明,mhbFGF的促分裂活性显著低于野生型hbFGF。纯化的:mhbFGF可用于进一步的药效和安全性研究。     

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) Immunoreactivity Is Present in Chromaffin Granules

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has recently been isolated from bovine adrenal glands. Immunohistological data revealed its presence in both adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Using immuno-electronmicroscopy, we found that in medullary chromaffin cells bFGF-immunoreactivity is localized in the secretory granules. Immunoreactivity also was observed by electronmicroscopy in isolated granules. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of the typical 18-kDa bFGF and additional immunoreactive materials with molecular masses of approximately 24, 30, and 46 kDa in whole bovine adrenal, and in cortex and medulla. Similar results were obtained with proteins from bovine chromaffin granules, with the following two exceptions: the 46-kDa immunoreactivity was found to be highly enriched when compared with medulla or cortex, and the 18-kDa band could be detected with only an antiserum against a synthetic peptide comprising the 24 NH2-terminal amino acids of bFGF, and not with an antiserum against purified bovine pituitary bFGF. All fractions enriched for bFGF-immunoreactivity showed neurotrophic activity for chick ciliary ganglion neurons, which could be blocked by antibodies. These results demonstrate for the first time the localization and occurrence of bFGF in a cellular secretory organelle, and present further evidence for the existence of higher molecular weight immunoreactive forms of bFGF.     

bFGF对热射病大鼠模型ET21, VWF, VEGF水平的影响

目的:研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic Fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)对热射病大鼠模型ET21、VWF、VEGF水平的影响。方法:选择SD大鼠36只随机分为6组,每组个6只,建立热射病大鼠模型后分为模型组、常温组、常温bFGF组、降温组、降温bFGF组,建模后0 h、2 h,比较不同级别生命征、血管功能因子。结果:建模后0 h,模型组Tr、HR、RR、MAP明显高于空白组(P0.05);建模后2 h,常温bFGF组、降温bFGF组明显低于常温组、降温组,降温组、降温bFGF组明显低于常温组、常温bFGF组(P0.05)。建模后0 h,模型组ET21、VWF的含量均明显高于空白组,VEGF含量明显低于热空白组(P0.05);建模后2 h,常温组ET21、VWF明显升高,VEGF明显降低,常温bFGF组、降温组、降温bFGF组ET21、VWF明显降低,VEGF明显升高(P0.05);降温组、降温bFGF组ET21、VWF明显低于常温组、常温bFGF组,VEGF明显高于常温组、常温bFGF组(P0.05);常温bFGF组、降温bFGF组ET21、VWF明显低于常温组与降温组,VEGF明显高于常温组与降温组(P0.05)。结论:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子有助于改善热射病大鼠生命体征,调节血管功能因子含量,提高热射病大鼠预后。     

两种类型人碱性成纤维生长因子的体外稳定性研究

目的:通过野生型bFGF和改构型bFGF蛋白溶液中的聚集过程的比较,初步探讨bFGF在水溶液中发生聚集的机理。方法:在选择合适溶液体系后,采用蛋白溶解度和促有丝分裂活性能力为指标,表征野生型bFGF和突变型bFGF聚合程度,分析共价聚合和非共价聚合所起的作用。结果:在相同的溶液体系中,野生型bFGF的聚集程度高于突变型bFGF。bFGF聚合程度与浓度有依赖性。沉淀结果分析非共价聚合占主要作用。结论:野生型bFGF在溶液中共价聚和和非共价聚合同时发生,两种bFGF聚合过程中非共价聚合占较大比例。突变半胱氨酸可以减少聚合发生。     

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Prevents the Memory Impairment Induced by Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonism in Area CA1 of the Rat Hippocampus

Increasing evidence indicates that the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is implicated in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory formation in the hippocampus and other brain areas. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the memory-impairing effects of GRPR antagonism have remained unclear. Here we report that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF/FGF-2) rescues the memory impairment induced by GRPR antagonism in the rat dorsal hippocampus. The GRPR antagonist [D-Tpi⁶, Leu¹³ psi(CH₂NH)-Leu¹⁴] bombesin (6–14) (RC-3095) at 1.0 μg impaired, whereas bFGF at 0.25 μg enhanced, 24 h retention of inhibitory avoidance (IA) when infused immediately after training into the CA1 hippocampal area in male rats. Coinfusion with an otherwise ineffective dose of bFGF blocked the memory-impairing effect of RC-3095. These findings suggest that the memory-impairing effects of GRPR antagonists might be partially mediated by an inhibition in the function and/or expression of neuronal bFGF or diminished activation of intracellular protein kinase pathways associated with bFGF signaling.     

Enhancement of Apoptosis in Developing Chick Neural Retina Cells by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor

Abstract: To evaluate the role of various growth factors in naturally occurring cell death during development of the neural retina, we examined the effects of such factors on the nuclear morphology and the size of DNA in cultured chick embryonic neural retina cells. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased internucleosomal cleavage of DNA and nuclear fragmentation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The effect was inhibited by anti-bFGF antibody, suramin, and cycloheximide. Epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, nerve growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, and dexamethasone had no effect. These results provide evidence that bFGF may eventually act as a lethal factor inducing apoptotic cell death during the development of the neural retina in chick embryo.     

Glucosylceramide Synthesis Is Required for Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Laminin to Stimulate Axonal Growth

Abstract: To test the hypothesis that neuronal growth requires the synthesis and supply of new membrane components to the growing neurite, we have examined the relationship between the synthesis of sphingolipids and the ability of two growth factors, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and laminin, to stimulate axonal growth in cultured hippocampal neurons. Both bFGF and laminin stimulate axonal growth by approximately fourfold, but the stimulatory effects of both factors can be abolished completely by two inhibitors of sphingolipid synthesis, fumonisin B₁ and d - threo -1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol. By using these inhibitors, together with two stereoisomers of short acyl chain derivatives of ceramide, only one of which is metabolized to glucosylceramide, we demonstrate that ongoing synthesis of glucosylceramide, the simplest glycosphingolipid, is a prerequisite for both bFGF and laminin to stimulate axon growth. These data imply that the ability of a growth factor to stimulate neuronal growth is dependent on the synthesis of an essential membrane lipid.     

改构酸性成纤维细胞生长因子对小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨改构酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(MaFGF)对地塞米松(DEX)诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡的保护作用。方法:利用地塞米松诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡的模型,将实验分为空白对照组、DEX处理组、aFGF+DEX组和MaFGF+DEX组,采用DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳和流式细胞仪两种分析方法,测定MaFGF对小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡的影响。结果:空白对照组凋亡率为168%,DEX处理后小鼠胸腺细胞出现明显的细胞凋亡,凋亡率为196%,aFGF和MaFGF处理后的细胞凋亡受到抑制,凋亡率分别下降到1595%和1293%,MaFGF效应强于aFGF,且以剂量依赖方式发挥作用。结论:MaFGF具有以剂量依赖方式的胸腺细胞保护作用。     

重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子游离巯基的测定分析

建立了一种紫外-可见分光光度检测法,可以快速、简便、稳定地测定重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的游离巯基含量。将检测试剂、标准品及待测样品一起反应后,在412 nm波长处读取OD值,以标准品浓度为横坐标,以吸光值为纵坐标,绘制标准曲线,根据标准曲线计算待测样品中游离巯基含量;同时对该方法进行了方法学验证。结果表明:该方法专属性强,游离巯基含量测定范围为20~80 μg/ml,线性相关系数在0.999以上,回收率范围为91.7%~107.4%;而且该法精密度较好,精密度的变异系数范围为5%~8%。测得的分子表面和总游离巯基含量与理论一致,可用于蛋白质游离巯基检测,以监测分子结构的正确性与均一性。     

血清血管内皮细胞生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子水平变化对服药自杀青少年心理状况的影响

摘要 目的：研究服药自杀青少年血清血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）变化,及其与患者心理状况的相关性。方法：纳入2018年1月到2020年12月四川大学华西医院收治的服药自杀青少年81例（研究组）,同时纳入81例健康志愿者作为对照（对照组）。检测两组研究对象血清VEGF和bFGF水平,并使用汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和自杀意念自评量表（SlOSS）评估两组患者心理状态。结果：两组研究对象性别、年龄、身高以及体质指数（BMI）具有可比性（P>0.05）;研究组吸烟者比例（16/81）和有家族精神病史比例（13/81）均显著高于对照组（6/81和3/81）（P<0.05）。研究组服药自杀青少年血清VEGF（699.72±103.42）ng/mL和bFGF（348.31±65.13）ng/mL水平均高于与对照组健康志愿者[（620.31±85.32）ng/mL和（265.37±35.23）ng/mL]（P<0.05）,并且与是否吸烟或有无家族精神疾病史无关（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示：服药自杀青少年血清VEGF和BFGF均与HAMD和SDS评分无相关,与SIOSS评分均呈正相关（r=0.278和r=0.302,均P<0.05）。结论：服药自杀青少年血清VEGF和bFGF水平升高,与自杀意念自评量表得分有正相关。     

成纤维细胞生长因子与其受体相互作用及其抑制剂的研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）有许多重要的生理功能，并与肿瘤的形成有关.为了弄清FGF与成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)相互作用的机制，人们对FGF和FGFR的各个结合结构域进行了深入、细致的研究，定位了aFGF、bFGF的肝素结合区、bFGF的受体结合区、FGF受体的肝素结合区、配体结合区和FGF受体相互结合区，提出了两个FGF与FGFR相互作用的模型，在此基础上设计了FGF的核酸类、糖类和多肽类抑制剂，为寻找新一代抗癌药物打下了理论基础.     

aFGF荧光分子探针基因的合成及其表达

通过PCR技术和体外DNA重组技术将绿色荧光蛋白cDNA和酸性成纤维细胞生长因子cDNA构建成融合基因,克隆到表达载体pET3c中,构建成表达菌株BL21(DE3)/pET3c-GAF。经IPTG诱导表达,融合蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的25%;DNA测序结果表明设计合成的融合基因与预期相符。Westernblot结果表明重组蛋白具有aFGF的免疫原性。经IPTG诱导后的菌体及蛋白粗提液在荧光显微镜下可观察到强烈的绿色荧光。融合基因在大肠杆菌中实现了表达,用MTT法测得纯化融合蛋白与野生型aFGF促Blab/c3T3细胞增殖活性相当,为利用绿色荧光分子探针研究aFGF的在活体内的作用机制建立了新的方法。     

FGF-1改构体对小鼠脾细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的:主要探讨非促分裂改构人酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(MrhFGF-1)对balb／c小鼠脾细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:采用3H-TdR掺入的方法检测MrhFGF-1同野生型hFGF-1相比对脾细胞增殖的影响,实验组分为(1)对照组;(2)FGF-1处理组;(3)ConA处理组;(4)FGF-1+ConA处理组。用流式细胞仪定量分析MrhFGF-1对脾细胞的凋亡保护作用,(1)对照组;(2)DEX处理组;(3)DEX+FGF-1(hFGF-1、rhFGF-1、MrhFGF-1)处理组。结果表明,利用DNA重组技术构建的一种非促分裂FGF-1突变体MrhFGF-1和野生型FGF-1相比,对脾细胞的促细胞增殖能力明显降低,但其对细胞凋亡保护作用的影响并无显著性变化,说明FGF-1的促细胞增殖能力和细胞凋亡保护信号通路并非由同一信号通路来实现的。