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1.
Tian D Niu C Rose RJ 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(1):9-16
A regenerable line of Medicago truncatula (Jemalong 2HA) as a recipient species, was fused with the sexually incompatible species Medicago scutellata or Medicago rugosa. The treatments described maintain the chromosome number of the recipient but enable the transfer of small amounts of DNA of
the donor species, probably by intergenomic recombination. Without a chromosome number-change fusion products can readily
regenerate to produce fertile plants; and potentially a library with a diverse array of new genetic material. The selection
of fused cells is based on treatment of the recipient cells with iodoacetamide (IOA), a non-regenerable donor, γ-irradiation
of the donor, and regeneration on a medium favouring the recipient. DNA transfer was demonstrated by amplified fragment length
polymorphism (AFLP), Southern hybridisation and changed morphology.
Received: 21 December 2000 / Accepted: 5 April 2001 相似文献
2.
Interspecific asymmetric somatic hybrids have been produced between the sexually incompatible annual Medicago species Medicago truncatula and M. scutellata using only one regenerable parent and improved protoplast techniques. Regenerable M. truncatula leaf protoplasts were inactivated by lethal doses of iodoacetamide. Cotyledon protoplasts of non-regenerable M. scutellata were produced from 9 to 13 day old γ-irradiated cotyledons. Polyethylene glycol was used for protoplast fusion, and its successful
use depended on a strategy to eliminate toxic effects. More than 50 mature regenerated plants were obtained from the fusion
products and amplified fragment length polymorphism and chromosome analysis of a sample of 20 plants allowed the identification
of two asymmetric hybrid plants. This technique is suitable for transferring characters from incompatible annual Medicago species to Medicago truncatula.
Received: 23 July 1998 / Revision received: 21 December 1998 / Accepted: 15 January 1999 相似文献
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蒺藜苜蓿(Medicago truncatula G)花器官特异表达基因是参与其花器官形成与发育的重要基因。筛选蒺藜苜蓿的花器官特异表达基因,寻找这类基因在其他模式植物中的直系同源基因,并将其表达模式在不同植物间进行比较,有利于深入的理解这类基因在蒺藜苜蓿花器官发育中的功能。根据蒺藜苜蓿表达谱,并以其PISTILLAZA(PI)基因为模板,文章筛选了97个蒺藜苜蓿花器官特异表达基因(Ratio≥10,且Z≥7.9).通过同源比对,确定了这类基因在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L.)、大豆(Glycinemax L.)、百脉根(Lotusjaponicus L.)和水稻(Oryzasativa L.)中的直系同源基因。对这类基因在5种植物中的表达量、表达部位和功能进行比较,发现进化关系较近的植物,直系同源基因的表达变异较小,而进化关系较远的植物,直系同源基因的表达变异较大。进一步对表达分化较大的直系同源基因进行启动子分析,发现不同植物中直系同源基因表达模式的变化与启动子中调控元件的特性有关。 相似文献
4.
蒺藜苜蓿(Medicago truncatula G.)花器官特异表达基因是参与其花器官形成与发育的重要基因。筛选蒺藜苜蓿的花器官特异表达基因, 寻找这类基因在其他模式植物中的直系同源基因, 并将其表达模式在不同植物间进行比较, 有利于深入的理解这类基因在蒺藜苜蓿花器官发育中的功能。根据蒺藜苜蓿表达谱, 并以其PISTILLATA(PI)基因为模板, 文章筛选了97个蒺藜苜蓿花器官特异表达基因(Ratio≥10, 且Z≥7.9)。通过同源比对, 确定了这类基因在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L.)、大豆(Glycine max L.)、百脉根(Lotus japonicus L.)和水稻(Oryza sativa L.)中的直系同源基因。对这类基因在5种植物中的表达量、表达部位和功能进行比较, 发现进化关系较近的植物, 直系同源基因的表达变异较小, 而进化关系较远的植物, 直系同源基因的表达变异较大。进一步对表达分化较大的直系同源基因进行启动子分析, 发现不同植物中直系同源基因表达模式的变化与启动子中调控元件的特性有关。 相似文献
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The plastid, which originated from the endosymbiosis of a cyanobacterium, contains its own plastid DNA (ptDNA) that exhibits a unique mode of inheritance. Approximately 80% of angiosperms show maternal inheritance, whereas the remainder exhibit biparental inheritance of ptDNA. Here we studied ptDNA inheritance in the model legume, Medicago truncatula. Cytological analysis of mature pollen with DNA-specific fluorescent dyes suggested that M. truncatula is one of the few model plants potentially showing biparental inheritance of ptDNA. We further examined pollen by electron microscopy and revealed that the generative cell (a mother of sperm cells) indeed has many DNA-containing plastids. To confirm biparental inheritance genetically, we crossed two ecotypes (Jemalong A17 and A20), and the transmission mode of ptDNA was investigated by a PCR-assisted polymorphism. Consistent with the cytological observations, the majority of F(1) plants possessed ptDNAs from both parents. Interestingly, cotyledons of F(1) plants tended to retain a biparental ptDNA population, while later emergent leaves tended to be uniparental with either one of the parental plastid genotypes. Biparental transmission was obvious in the F(2) population, in which all plants showed homoplasmy with either a paternal or a maternal plastid genotype. Collectively, these data demonstrated that M. truncatula is biparental for ptDNA transmission and thus can be an excellent model to study plastid genetics in angiosperms. 相似文献
6.
Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome library of Medicago truncatula and identification of clones containing ethylene-response genes 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Y.-W. Nam R. V. Penmetsa G. Endre P. Uribe D. Kim D. R. Cook 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,98(3-4):638-646
To facilitate genome analysis and map-based cloning of symbiotic genes in the model legume Medicago truncatula, a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed. The library consists of 30 720 clones with an average insert
size of approximately 100 kb, representing approximately five haploid-genome equivalents. The frequency of BAC clones carrying
inserts of chloroplast DNA was estimated to be 1.4%. Screening of the library with single- or low-copy genes as hybridization
probes resulted in the detection of 1–12 clones per gene. Hybridization of the library with repeated sequences such as rDNA
genes and transposon-like elements of M. truncatula revealed the presence of 60 and 374 BAC clones containing the two sequences, respectively. The BAC library was pooled for
screening by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplification. To demonstrate the utility of this system, we used primers designed
from a conserved region of the ein3-like loci of Arabidopsis thaliana and isolated six unique BAC clones from the library. DNA gel-blot and sequence analyses showed that these ein3-like clones could be grouped into three classes, an observation consistent with the presence of multiple ein3-like loci in M. truncatula. These results indicate that the BAC library represents a central resource for the map-based cloning and physical mapping
in M. truncatula and other legumes.
Received: 27 July 1998 / Accepted: 5 August 1998 相似文献
7.
Comparison of quantitative genetic parameters between two natural populations of a selfing plant species, Medicago truncatula Gaertn. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
I. Bonnin J. M. Prosperi I. Olivieri 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(5):641-651
In this paper we compare mean values, heritability estimates, coefficient of genetic variation, and genetic correlations
among several fitness components of two natural populations of a selfing plant species, Medicago truncatula L. It is shown that the population that had been found most polymorphic for molecular markers in a previous study was also
the most variable for quantitative characters. Depending on the traits, the larger heritabilities in this population were
due to either larger coefficients of genetic variances or smaller coefficients of environmental variances. Whereas genetic
and phenotypic correlation matrices were very similar within each population, they were quite different between populations.
In particular, although a positive correlation between age and size at maturity was found in both populations, the correlation
between age at maturity and reproductive success was negative in the more variable population (late flowering plant, with
a larger size at flowering, produced fewer pods), whereas no correlation was observed in the less variable population. We
suggest that while in the less variable population all individuals have a high reproductive effort, several strategies coexist
in the more variable population, with some early-flowering genotypes showing a high reproductive effort and other late-flowering
genotypes showing a larger competitive ability through increased vegetative growth.
Received: 25 June 1996 / Accepted: 11 October 1996 相似文献
8.
L. O. das Neves S. R. L. Duque J. S. de Almeida P. S. Fevereiro 《Plant cell reports》1999,18(5):398-405
Medicago truncatula ssp Narbonensis and four genotypes of M. truncatula Gaertn cv. Jemalong were tested for their somatic embryogenesis potential using a two-step protocol. In the first step, embryogenic
callus was induced in folioles isolated from shoots grown in vitro and cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and zeatin. In the second step, somatic embryos were allowed to develop from the induced
callus in MS growth-regulator-free medium. Individual somatic embryos were then isolated and transferred again to growth regulator
free medium where they formed secondary somatic embryos in repetitive cycles. Conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets
was achieved by isolating late-torpedo-phase somatic embryos with distinct cotyledons and reculturing them onto MS growth
regulator free medium. The system of repetitive somatic embryogenesis in M. truncatula described here represents a permanent source of embryogenic material that can be used for the genetic modification of this
species.
Received: 7 August 1997 / Revision received: 22 December 1997 / Accepted: 20 January 1998 相似文献
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Insight on segregation distortions in two intraspecific crosses between annual species of Medicago (Leguminosae) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
E. Jenczewski M. Gherardi I. Bonnin J. M. Prosperi I. Olivieri T. Huguet 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1997,94(5):682-691
About 40% (α=0.05) of the PCR-derived markers scored in a Medicago truncatula and M. tornata intraspecific cross departed from Mendelian expectations at α=0.05. This proportion is among the highest ever documented
in the literature, notably for intraspecific crosses. Estimations of DNA amount were also implemented for the parental genotypes
or parental lines, and significant variations were observed. Our results suggest that the parental genotypes have diverged
for quite a while, and we propose that the level of distortion we documented is correlated with the genome size difference
we measured.
Received: 11 April 1996 / Accepted: 27 September 1996 相似文献
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Gargantini PR Gonzalez-Rizzo S Chinchilla D Raices M Giammaria V Ulloa RM Frugier F Crespi MD 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2006,48(6):843-856
Medicago spp. are able to develop root nodules via symbiotic interaction with Sinorhizobium meliloti. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are involved in various signalling pathways in plants, and we found that expression of MtCPK3, a CDPK isoform present in roots of the model legume Medicago truncatula, is regulated during the nodulation process. Early inductions were detected 15 min and 3-4 days post-inoculation (dpi). The very early induction of CPK3 messengers was also present in inoculated M. truncatula dmi mutants and in wild-type roots subjected to salt stress, indicating that this rapid response is probably stress-related. In contrast, the later response was concomitant with cortical cell division and the formation of nodule primordia, and was not observed in wild-type roots inoculated with nod (-) strains. This late induction correlated with a change in the subcellular distribution of CDPK activities. Accordingly, an anti-MtCPK3 antibody detected two bands in soluble root extracts and one in the particulate fraction. CPK3::GFP fusions are targeted to the plasma membrane in epidermal onion cells, a localization that depends on myristoylation and palmitoylation sites of the protein, suggesting a dual subcellular localization. MtCPK3 mRNA and protein were also up-regulated by cytokinin treatment, a hormone linked to the regulation of cortical cell division and other nodulation-related responses. An RNAi-CDPK construction was used to silence CPK3 in Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots. Although no major phenotype was detected in these roots, when infected with rhizobia, the total number of nodules was, on average, twofold higher than in controls. This correlates with the lack of MtCPK3 induction in the inoculated super-nodulator sunn mutant. Our results suggest that CPK3 participates in the regulation of the symbiotic interaction. 相似文献
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Christine Le Signor Vincent Savois Grégoire Aubert Jérôme Verdier Marie Nicolas Gaelle Pagny Françoise Moussy Myriam Sanchez Dave Baker Jonathan Clarke Richard Thompson 《Plant biotechnology journal》2009,7(5):430-441
Medicago truncatula has been widely adopted as a model plant for crop legume species of the Vicieae. Despite the availability of transformation and regeneration protocols, there are currently limited tools available in this species for the systematic investigation of gene function. Within the framework of the European Grain Legumes Integrated Project ( http://www.eugrainlegumes.org ), chemical mutagenesis was applied to M. truncatula to create two mutant populations that were used to establish a TILLING (targeting induced local lesions in genomes) platform and a phenotypic database, allowing both reverse and forward genetics screens. Both populations had the same M2 line number, but differed in their M1 population size: population 1 was derived from a small M1 population (one-tenth the size of the M2 generation), whereas population 2 was generated by single seed descent and therefore has M1 and M2 generations of equal size. Fifty-six targets were screened, 10 on both populations, and 546 point mutations were identified. Population 2 had a mutation frequency of 1/485 kb, twice that of population 1. The strategy used to generate population 2 is more efficient than that used to generate population 1, with regard to mutagenesis density and mutation recovery. However, the design of population 1 allowed us to estimate the genetically effective cell number to be three in M. truncatula . Phenotyping data to help forward screenings are publicly available, as well as a web tool for ordering seeds at http://www.inra.fr/legumbase 相似文献
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印度梨形孢促进蒺藜苜蓿生长及其提高耐盐性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】研究盐胁迫下印度梨形孢定殖对豆科模式植物蒺藜苜蓿生长发育的影响。【方法】通过分析不同生境下植物的根长、根鲜重和茎鲜重,以及体内抗氧化物酶活性、脯氨酸含量、甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因(BADH)的表达,确定印度梨形孢对蒺藜苜蓿生长的促进作用,并初步阐释印度梨形孢诱导植物耐盐性的机制。【结果】印度梨形孢能在蒺藜苜蓿根部定殖并能促进植物的生长发育,有效缓解盐胁迫造成的生长抑制。印度梨形孢能提高植物体内抗氧化物酶活性,增加游离脯氨酸含量并诱导BADH基因的表达。【结论】印度梨形孢作为植物生长促进因子可以用来提高植物耐盐性,实现盐碱土壤的间接改良。 相似文献
16.
(Iso)flavonoids are commonly accumulated as malonylated or acetylated glycoconjugates in legumes. Sequence analysis on EST database of the model legume Medicago truncatula enabled us to identify nine cDNA sequences encoding BAHD super-family enzymes that are distinct from the most of the characterized anthocyanin/flavonol acyltransferase genes in other species. Functional characterization revealed that three of these corresponding enzymes, MtMaT1, 2 and 3, specifically recognize malonyl CoA as an acyl donor and catalyze the malonylation of a range of isoflavone 7- O- glucosides in vitro . These malonyltransferase genes displayed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns and responded differentially to biotic and abiotic stresses. Consistent with gene expression, the level of the accumulated malonyl isoflavone glucoside was altered in the roots of M. truncatula grown under normal and drought-stressed conditions. Overexpression of the MtMaT1 gene in a previously engineered Arabidopsis line that accumulates genistein glycosides ( Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , 99 , 2002:14578) led to a malonylated product. Confocal microscopy of the transiently expressed MtMaT1–GFP fusion revealed strong fluorescence in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of M. truncatula and tobacco leaf cells. A truncated MtMaT1 lacking the C-terminal polypeptide of 110 amino acid residues that include the DFGWG motif, the single conserved sequence signature of BAHD super-family members, retained considerable catalytic efficiency, but showed an altered optimum pH preference for maximum activity. Such C-terminal polypeptide deletion or deletion of the DFGWG motif alone led to improper folding of the transiently expressed GFP fusion protein in living cells, and impaired nuclear localization of the enzyme. 相似文献
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Low Protease Content in Medicago truncatula Cell Cultures Facilitates Recombinant Protein Production 下载免费PDF全文
Rita B. Santos Balakumaran Chandrasekar Manoj K. Mandal Farnusch Kaschani Markus Kaiser Leonard Both Renier A. L. van der Hoorn Andreas Schiermeyer Rita Abranches 《Biotechnology journal》2018,13(7)
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Soluble proteins of the floral organs of some solanaceous species were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
In general, the protein content of anther and ovary was higher than that of the style which was greater than that of sepal
and petal. The polypeptide patterns showed that in different species, each organ-type had many common bands, although they
were of varying intensity. Also, proteins unique to an organ-type were not always detected in the various species. Some ‘species-specific’
polypeptides were, nevertheless, identified in one or more floral organs of a species. 相似文献