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1.
Jie Li;Minhui Hao;Yanxia Cheng;Xiuhai Zhao;Klaus von Gadow;Chunyu Zhang; 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2024,33(9):e13880
Biodiversity across different scales provides multidimensional insurance for ecosystem functioning. Although the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem multifunctionality are well recorded in local communities, they remain poorly understood across scales (from local to larger spatial scales). This study evaluates how multiple attributes of biodiversity maintain ecosystem multifunctionality from local to regional scales, across diverse environmental gradients. 相似文献
2.
生物多样性沿环境梯度的变化是生物多样性研究的重要内容,环境梯度包含了多种环境因子(海拔高度、水热条件、人类扰动等)的综合。以伊洛河流域草本植物群落为对象,沿河从入黄河口到河源地选取典型样地调查研究伊洛河流域草本植物群落物种多样性及其分布格局。结果表明:物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数沿河均稍呈\"S\"型曲线变化,不同群落类型中分布格局差别不大,各群落类型中的物种丰富度和多样性均呈现出中游丘陵山地交界区最高,上游河源区次之,下游平原地区最低的趋势;β多样性指数的变化趋势与α多样性较一致,总体上呈现出中游丘陵山地区物种更替速率较快,平原区更替较慢;在流域内上游河源地属于自然植被区,人为干扰较轻,具有较高的物种多样性,物种替代主要受物种的竞争扩散能力和生境条件的制约;在下游平原农业区,人类活动强烈,区域内以人工生态系统为主,物种组成简单,物种替代具有跳跃性的特征,主要受人类活动的制约;在中游从自然生态系统向农业生态系统的过渡区域,人类活动的扰动有一定的强度,导致该区域内自然分布种和伴人种混合生长,具有较高的物种多样性和较快的物种替代速率。总体上伊洛河流域草本植物群落物种多样性分布格局强烈的受到人类活动的影响,物种替代速率较高。 相似文献
3.
澜沧江-湄公河是东南亚最大的河流, 也是世界上淡水生物多样性最高的三大河流之一。由于特殊的地理位置和国际河流属性, 澜沧江-湄公河淡水鱼类的多样性现状仍缺乏系统的认识。本文在近20年调查的基础上, 系统整理了澜沧江-湄公河中上游32个支流或亚流域的淡水鱼类物种名录, 在此基础上对其种类组成和分布进行了分析, 并利用分类学多样性指数对澜沧江-湄公河中上游流域的物种多样性进行了评估。结果表明, 澜沧江-湄公河中上游共记录了淡水鱼类745种, 分属于2纲17目63科229属, 其中鲤形目鱼类451种, 占物种数的60.5%。分类学多样性指数显示, 从源头到中游, 淡水鱼类在分类阶元上的分布越来越均匀, 亲缘关系越来越远, 分类多样性越来越高。聚类分析(cluster analysis, CA)和多维尺度分析(multi-dimensional scaling, MDS)表明, 当Jaccard相似性系数为8.69时, 澜沧江-湄公河中上游32个亚流域可以分为源区、上游和中游3组; 相似性分析(ANOSIM)结果显示, 各组之间淡水鱼类组成差异显著(R = 0.877, P = 0.001)。相似性百分比分析(similarity percentage analysis, SIMPER)结果表明, 导致3组差异性的鱼类主要是鲤形目和鲇形目鱼类, 且随着地势阶梯的升高出现了科级、属级类群的替代。近几十年来, 随着流域各国人口的增长和经济的快速发展, 澜沧江-湄公河鱼类多样性和渔业资源面临严重威胁, 未来需加强流域内国家间合作, 在流域尺度上制定科学保护计划。 相似文献
4.
Understanding of community assembly has been improved by phylogenetic and trait‐based approaches, yet there is little consensus regarding the relative importance of alternative mechanisms and few studies have been done at large geographic and phylogenetic scales. Here, we use phylogenetic and trait dispersion approaches to determine the relative contribution of limiting similarity and environmental filtering to community assembly of stream fishes at an intercontinental scale. We sampled stream fishes from five zoogeographic regions. Analysis of traits associated with habitat use, feeding, or both resulted in more occurrences of trait underdispersion than overdispersion regardless of spatial scale or species pool. Our results suggest that environmental filtering and, to a lesser extent, species interactions were important mechanisms of community assembly for fishes inhabiting small, low‐gradient streams in all five regions. However, a large proportion of the trait dispersion values were no different from random. This suggests that stochastic factors or opposing assembly mechanisms also influenced stream fish assemblages and their trait dispersion patterns. Local assemblages tended to have lower functional diversity in microhabitats with high water velocity, shallow water depth, and homogeneous substrates lacking structural complexity, lending support for the stress‐dominance hypothesis. A high prevalence of functional underdispersion coupled with phylogenetic underdispersion could reflect phylogenetic niche conservatism and/or stabilizing selection. These findings imply that environmental filtering of stream fish assemblages is not only deterministic, but also influences assemblage structure in a fairly consistent manner worldwide. 相似文献
5.
宋珊珊;朱江玲;唐志尧 《应用生态学报》2025,36(1):104-112
本研究以河北塞罕坝的草甸草原为对象,研究3年期的短期围封对植物群落物种和功能多样性的影响。结果表明: 相比于放牧,围封显著改变了土壤化学性质和植物群落组成,优势种由车前变为地榆。围封没有改变植物群落的物种多样性。围封样地中叶片和根系的功能丰富度分别是放牧样地的16.9(1.18 vs. 0.07)和1460.2(3.57 vs. <0.01)倍,叶片性状的功能分离度和根系性状的功能均匀度相比于放牧分别降低了7.7%(0.72 vs. 0.78)和12.3% (0.57 vs. 0.65)。围封和放牧样地中,物种β-多样性主要由周转成分贡献(74.9%和62.4%),而功能β-多样性主要由嵌套成分贡献(叶片:82.6%和70.6%;根系:73.9%和79.5%)。围封样地总体的物种和功能β-多样性由土壤性质和空间因子共同驱动(物种:R2=0.53;叶片:R2=0.47;根系:R2=0.29);放牧样地总体的物种和功能β-多样性主要由空间因子驱动(物种:R2=0.31;叶片:R2=0.36;根系:R2=0.40)。综上所述,围封对物种多样性与功能多样性的影响存在差异,物种的更替并不一定导致性状的更替。因此,在评估草地修复效果时,应综合考虑物种多样性和功能多样性。探讨不同维度的群落β-多样性及其组成部分,有助于我们更深入理解群落的构建机制。 相似文献
6.
Satsuki Tsuji Naoki Shibata Ryutei Inui Ryohei Nakao Yoshihisa Akamatsu Katsutoshi Watanabe 《Molecular ecology resources》2023,23(5):1050-1065
Phylogeography is an integrative field of science linking micro- and macro-evolutionary processes, contributing to the inference of vicariance, dispersal, speciation, and other population-level processes. Phylogeographic surveys usually require considerable effort and time to obtain numerous samples from many geographical sites covering the distribution range of target species; this associated high cost limits their application. Recently, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has been useful not only for detecting species but also for assessing genetic diversity; hence, there has been growing interest in its application to phylogeography. As the first step of eDNA-based phylogeography, we examined (1) data screening procedures suitable for phylogeography and (2) whether the results obtained from eDNA analysis accurately reflect known phylogeographic patterns. For these purposes, we performed quantitative eDNA metabarcoding using group-specific primer sets in five freshwater fish species belonging to two taxonomic groups from a total of 94 water samples collected from western Japan. As a result, three-step data screening based on the DNA copy number of each haplotype detected successfully eliminated suspected false positive haplotypes. Furthermore, eDNA analysis could almost perfectly reconstruct the phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns obtained for all target species with the conventional method. Despite existing limitations and future challenges, eDNA-based phylogeography can significantly reduce survey time and effort and is applicable for simultaneous analysis of multiple species in single water samples. eDNA-based phylogeography has the potential to revolutionize phylogeography. 相似文献
7.
物种多样性和功能多样性是生物多样性的两个主要研究内容, 研究不同区域物种多样性和功能多样性可以为生物多样性保护提供重要的理论支撑。本研究以中国科学院西北高原生物研究所馆藏的青藏高原11个生态地理分区雀形目鸟类为研究对象, 结合其性状数据, 计算3种物种α多样性指数(物种丰富度、Shannon熵和Pielou均匀度)、3种功能α多样性指数(功能丰富度、功能均匀度和功能离散度)、物种和功能β多样性及其对应的周转和嵌套成分, 并分析了物种多样性与功能多样性之间的关系。研究结果表明: (1)青藏高原鸟类物种α多样性呈东南高、西北低的趋势。功能丰富度和功能均匀度显示出明显的空间差异, 全区物种丰富度和功能丰富度平均值较低, 功能离散度在全区均较高; (2)物种β多样性高于功能β多样性, 但二者整体均具有较高的数值。物种β多样性主要由周转成分构成, 而嵌套和周转成分在功能β多样性中占比接近; (3)功能丰富度与物种丰富度及Shannon熵呈显著正相关关系。物种和功能β多样性呈显著相关关系, 物种和功能周转成分贡献率呈显著相关关系。以上结果表明功能丰富度较高的分区中鸟类占据较大的功能性状空间, 而分区中功能均匀度和功能离散度较高则体现出鸟类可以更均匀、更有效地利用食物资源。结合物种和功能α、β多样性可以很好地表征鸟类多样性与生态系统的关系。 相似文献
8.
SUMMARY 1. There is little information on the impacts of deforestation on the fish fauna in neotropical streams, and on parameters influencing species diversity and community structure of fish. We analysed these aspects in 12 stream sites in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The stream sites represented a large gradient in canopy cover and were located in an area of fragmented forest. While some streams had been deforested, they had not suffered gross degradation of the habitat.
2. The species richness of stream fish was not related to deforestation. Local fish diversity (Fisher's Alpha) was positively related to the surface area of stream pools (m2 ). Beta diversity was higher among forested than deforested sites, indicating greater heterogeneity in species composition among forested than deforested sites. The percentage of rare species was positively correlated with canopy cover.
3. Total fish density increased with deforestation, and the fish community changed from dominance by omnivorous and insectivorous Characiformes at forested sites to dominance of periphyton-feeding loricariids at deforested sites.
4. Multidimensional statistical analysis of fish community structure showed that six environmental variables (the area of stream bottom covered by leaves, relative pool area, particulate organic matter, mean depth, conductivity and suspended solids) were related to the ordination axes. The presence of leaves, which was strongly correlated to canopy cover, was the variable most closely related to fish community structure, while relative pool area was the second strongest variable. Thus, fish community structure was strongly affected by deforestation. 相似文献
2. The species richness of stream fish was not related to deforestation. Local fish diversity (Fisher's Alpha) was positively related to the surface area of stream pools (m
3. Total fish density increased with deforestation, and the fish community changed from dominance by omnivorous and insectivorous Characiformes at forested sites to dominance of periphyton-feeding loricariids at deforested sites.
4. Multidimensional statistical analysis of fish community structure showed that six environmental variables (the area of stream bottom covered by leaves, relative pool area, particulate organic matter, mean depth, conductivity and suspended solids) were related to the ordination axes. The presence of leaves, which was strongly correlated to canopy cover, was the variable most closely related to fish community structure, while relative pool area was the second strongest variable. Thus, fish community structure was strongly affected by deforestation. 相似文献
9.
沉水植物在维持浅水湖泊生态系统健康和稳定等方面起着重要作用, 掌握其长期动态及驱动因子对湖泊生态系统恢复和富营养化治理具有重要的理论和现实意义。本研究以长江中下游17个湖泊为研究对象, 分析了近70年(1954-2021)来沉水植物的α和β多样性格局及其变化情况, 并基于Sørensen相异性指数将β多样性分解为周转(turnover)和嵌套(nestedness)两个组分, 探讨了湖泊环境异质性变化与沉水植物群落多样性格局的联系。结果表明: (1)在湖泊尺度上, 11个湖泊沉水植物的α多样性呈减小趋势; 而大多数湖泊βtemporal多样性(同一湖泊不同年份之间的群落结构相异性)无显著变化, 且其变异主要由不同物种间的嵌套成分驱动。(2)在流域尺度上, 长江中下游湖泊沉水植物的α多样性在演化过程中呈先增大后减小的趋势, βspatial多样性(同一时期不同湖泊之间的群落结构相异性)在演化过程中呈逐渐减小的趋势, 而湖泊环境异质性呈逐渐增大的趋势。(3)环境异质性越高的湖泊, 其α多样性越小, β多样性越大。这些变化可能是多种因素综合作用的结果, 包括人类活动、水质污染、水文变化和气候变化等。本研究对于长江中下游湖泊生态系统管理和保护具有一定理论价值, 为制定有效的保护策略和措施提供了科学依据。 相似文献
10.
Ada Fontrodona-Eslava Amy E. Deacon Indar W. Ramnarine Anne E. Magurran 《Journal of fish biology》2021,99(3):1079-1086
Understanding how the biodiversity of freshwater fish assemblages changes over time is an important challenge. Until recently most emphasis has been on taxonomic diversity, but it is now clear that measures of functional diversity (FD) can shed new light on the mechanisms that underpin this temporal change. Fish biologists use different currencies, such as numerical abundance and biomass, to measure the abundance of fish species. Nonetheless, because they are not necessarily equivalent, these alternative currencies have the potential to reveal different insights into trends of FD in natural assemblages. In this study, the authors asked how conclusions about temporal trends in FD are influenced by the way in which the abundance of species has been quantified. To do this, the authors computed two informative metrics, for each currency, for 16 freshwater fish assemblages in Trinidad's Northern Range that had been surveyed repeatedly over 5 years. The authors found that numerical abundance and biomass uncover different directional trends in these assemblages for each facet of FD, and as such inform hypotheses about the ways in which these systems are being restructured. On the basis of these results, the authors concluded that a combined approach, in which both currencies are used, contributes to our understanding of the ecological processes that are involved in biodiversity change in freshwater fish assemblages. 相似文献
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12.
M. Claire Horner-Devine Mathew A. Leibold Val H. Smith Brendan J. M. Bohannan 《Ecology letters》2003,6(7):613-622
Primary productivity is a key determinant of biodiversity patterns in plants and animals but has not previously been shown to affect bacterial diversity. We examined the relationship between productivity and bacterial richness in aquatic mesocosms designed to mimic small ponds. We observed that productivity could influence the composition and richness of bacterial communities. We showed that, even within the same system, different bacterial taxonomic groups could exhibit different responses to changes in productivity. The richness of members of the Cytophaga‐Flavobacteria‐Bacteroides group exhibited a significant hump‐shaped relationship with productivity, as is often observed for plant and animal richness in aquatic systems. In contrast, we observed a significant U‐shaped relationship between richness and productivity for α‐proteobacteria and no discernable relationship for β‐proteobacteria. We show, for the first time, that bacterial diversity varies along a gradient of primary productivity and thus make an important step towards understanding processes responsible for the maintenance of bacterial biodiversity. 相似文献
13.
叶附生苔是苔藓植物中特有率最高的一个类群, 特殊的生理生态特性使其对气候变化及人为干扰极为敏感, 成为苔藓植物中最需要关注和保护的一个类群。为了解叶附生苔物种多样性及组成随时间变化的规律, 我们以钱江源-百山祖国家公园庆元片区为研究对象, 针对该区域内有叶附生苔历史调查记录且物种较为丰富的3个保护点(百山祖、十九源、五岭坑)进行叶附生苔类植物调查, 比较并分析这3个保护点叶附生苔类植物的物种丰富度、分类β多样性及功能β多样性在时间(1990-2020年)和空间两个维度上的变化。结果表明, 该片区共有叶附生苔类植物4科10属31种。与历史数据相比, 本次调查新增叶附生苔7种, 但有14种未采集到。在所调查的3个保护点中, 仅五岭坑的物种数上升, 百山祖和十九源的物种数均下降。30年来, 各保护点的叶附生苔总的功能丰富度都呈下降趋势, 百山祖的物种分类β多样性及功能β多样性在3个保护点中最高; 物种分类β多样性主要是由周转组分构成, 相反, 功能β多样性主要是由嵌套组分构成。与30年前相比, 3个保护点之间的物种分类β多样性及功能β多样性均呈上升趋势, 表明物种异质化现象有增加的趋势。鉴于叶附生苔物种组成随时间的明显变化, 以及不同地区之间物种组成差异随时间的加剧情况, 建议在我国其他叶附生苔分布中心开展类似的调查和比较研究, 以期及时更新物种名录, 同时结合国家公园的建设契机, 加强对叶附生苔不同分布点之间的联通保护。 相似文献
14.
Climate change causes marine species to shift and expand their distributions, often leading to changes in species diversity. While increased biodiversity is often assumed to confer positive benefits on ecosystem functioning, many examples have shown that the relationship is specific to the ecosystem and function studied and is often driven by functional composition and diversity. In the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, tropical species expansion was shown to have increased estuarine fish and invertebrate diversity; however, it is not yet known how those increases have affected functional diversity. To address this knowledge gap, two metrics of functional diversity, functional richness (FRic) and functional dispersion (FDis), were estimated in each year for a 38‐year study period, for each of the eight major bays along the Texas coast. Then, the community‐weighted mean (CWM) trait values for each of the functional traits are calculated to assess how functional composition has changed through time. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify species contributing most to changing functional diversity. We found significant increases in log‐functional richness in both spring and fall, and significant decreases in functional dispersion in spring, suggesting that although new functional types are entering the bays, assemblages are becoming more dominated by similar functional types. Community‐weighted trait means showed significant increases in the relative abundance of traits associated with large, long‐lived, higher trophic level species, suggesting an increase in periodic and equilibrium life‐history strategists within the bays. PCA identified mainly native sciaenid species as contributing most to functional diversity trends although several tropical species also show increasing trends through time. We conclude that the climate‐driven species expansion in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico led to a decrease in functional dispersion due to increasing relative abundance of species with similar life‐history characteristics, and thus the communities have become more functionally homogeneous. 相似文献
15.
Laetitia Mathon Virginie Marques Stéphanie Manel Camille Albouy Marco Andrello Emilie Boulanger Julie Deter Régis Hocdé Fabien Leprieur Tom B. Letessier Nicolas Loiseau Eva Maire Alice Valentini Laurent Vigliola Florian Baletaud Sandra Bessudo Tony Dejean Nadia Faure Pierre-Edouard Guerin Meret Jucker Jean-Baptiste Juhel Kadarusman Andrea Polanco F. Laurent Pouyaud Dario Schwörer Kirsten F. Thompson Marc Troussellier Hagi Yulia Sugeha Laure Velez Xiaowei Zhang Wenjun Zhong Loïc Pellissier David Mouillot 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2023,32(8):1336-1352
Aim
Coastal fishes have a fundamental role in marine ecosystem functioning and contributions to people, but face increasing threats due to climate change, habitat degradation and overexploitation. The extent to which human pressures are impacting coastal fish biodiversity in comparison with geographic and environmental factors at large spatial scale is still under scrutiny. Here, we took advantage of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to investigate the relationship between fish biodiversity, including taxonomic and genetic components, and environmental but also socio-economic factors.Location
Tropical, temperate and polar coastal areas.Time period
Present day.Major taxa studied
Marine fishes.Methods
We analysed fish eDNA in 263 stations (samples) in 68 sites distributed across polar, temperate and tropical regions. We modelled the effect of environmental, geographic and socio-economic factors on α- and β-diversity. We then computed the partial effect of each factor on several fish biodiversity components using taxonomic molecular units (MOTU) and genetic sequences. We also investigated the relationship between fish genetic α- and β-diversity measured from our barcodes, and phylogenetic but also functional diversity.Results
We show that fish eDNA MOTU and sequence α- and β-diversity have the strongest correlation with environmental factors on coastal ecosystems worldwide. However, our models also reveal a negative correlation between biodiversity and human dependence on marine ecosystems. In areas with high dependence, diversity of all fish, cryptobenthic fish and large fish MOTUs declined steeply. Finally, we show that a sequence diversity index, accounting for genetic distance between pairs of MOTUs, within and between communities, is a reliable proxy of phylogenetic and functional diversity.Main conclusions
Together, our results demonstrate that short eDNA sequences can be used to assess climate and direct human impacts on marine biodiversity at large scale in the Anthropocene and can further be extended to investigate biodiversity in its phylogenetic and functional dimensions. 相似文献16.
Fabrício de A. Frehse John S. Hargrove Olaf L. F. Weyl Jean R. S. Vitule 《Zeitschrift fur angewandte Ichthyologie》2020,36(1):46-54
Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) have been introduced on a global scale for sport fishing but represent a conservation concern given their documented negative impacts on native faunal diversity and abundance. Recent research using molecular data to characterize invasive Largemouth Bass populations elsewhere has demonstrated that populations are typically characterized by limited genetic diversity, or represent a combination of Largemouth Bass and Florida Bass (Micropterus floridanus). To test whether these traits were consistent with invasive populations in Brazil, we generated mitochondrial sequence data from four established populations of Largemouth Bass collected in southern Brazil as well as a local aquaculture facility to confirm species identity and quantify levels of genetic diversity. We identified the exclusive presence of Largemouth Bass in the region and observed limited levels of haplotype (haplotype diversity = 0.0684, SE = 0.038) and nucleotide diversity (0.0003, SE = 0.0002) which suggested the presence of a founder effect associated with introduction. Each of the four populations were dominated by a single haplotype that was identical to one recovered from a nearby aquaculture facility, which identified this facility as a potential introduction source. 相似文献
17.
戈壁荒漠广泛分布于全球干旱和极旱区域, 是我国陆地生态系统的重要组成部分。由于自然环境恶劣和交通条件限制, 目前有关戈壁植物群落物种、功能和系统发育等多维度β多样性形成机制的系统研究还很缺乏, 严重制约着对戈壁植物多样性维持机制的认知。本文以青藏高原北部61个典型戈壁生境植物群落为研究对象, 通过构建系统发育树和测量8个关键功能性状, 获取戈壁生境的物种、功能和系统发育β多样性, 比较3个维度β多样性格局与零模型的差异, 同时量化环境距离和地理距离对其的相对影响, 以探讨戈壁植物多样性的形成机制。结果显示: (1)戈壁植物的物种、功能和系统发育β多样性均表现出显著的距离衰减效应; (2)戈壁植物的物种、功能和系统发育β多样性均表现为非随机的格局; (3)由于功能性状趋同进化, 植物功能和系统发育β多样性变化趋势并不一致; (4)环境差异对植物3个维度β多样性均有着比空间距离更为重要的影响, 且土壤含水量、地表砾石盖度等局域生境因素的影响比气候更为强烈。以上结果表明, 戈壁植物的β多样性可能主要由局域生境过滤作用控制, 且不同维度的β多样性分布格局并不一致。 相似文献
18.
目前,群落功能多样性备受生态学界关注,被认为是能解决生态问题的一种重要途径。我国对于群落功能多样性主要集中在植物群落和微生物群落,而在鱼类群落方面的研究几乎是空白。我国鱼类资源正面临着严重威胁,包括水坝建设导致的鱼类通道受阻、水库形成造成鱼类产卵场功能消失、过度捕捞、水质恶化和富营养化加重、外来种入侵等因素,导致渔业资源急剧衰退,水生生态系统功能下降。以淡水鱼类群落为例,对鱼类功能多样性的数据获取及处理分析与评价、测定指标及计算方法与研究难点等进行综述,以期为鱼类资源保护提供新的理论依据和切入点。 相似文献
19.
探索和揭示生物多样性的空间格局和维持机制是生态学和生物地理学研究的热点内容, 但综合物种、系统进化和功能属性等方面的多样性海拔格局研究很少。该文以关帝山森林群落为研究对象, 综合物种、谱系和功能α和β多样性指数, 旨在初步探讨关帝山森林群落多样性海拔格局及其维持机制。研究结果表明: 随着海拔的升高(1 409-2 150 m), 关帝山森林群落物种丰富度指数(S)、谱系多样性指数(PD)和功能丰富度指数(FRic)整体上表现出上升的趋势, 特别是海拔1 800 m以上区域。随着海拔的升高, 总β多样性(βtotal)和更替(βrepl)上升趋势明显, 而丰富度差异(βrich)则逐渐下降。不同生活型植物的物种、谱系和功能多样性海拔格局差异较大。随着海拔的升高, 草本植物S和物种多样性指数(H′)上升趋势高于木本植物。影响草本植物S分布的主要因素是地形因子, 而影响木本植物S分布的主要因素是历史过程。随着海拔的升高, 木本植物βtotal上升趋势要比草本植物明显。随着海拔的升高, 木本植物βrepl和βrich分别表现出单峰格局和“U”形格局, 而草本植物βrepl和βrich则分别表现出单调递增和单调递减的格局。随着环境差异和地理距离的增加, 群落间物种、谱系和功能β多样性显著增加。环境差异(环境过滤)对木本植物的β多样性具有相对较强的作用; 而环境差异(环境过滤)和地理距离(扩散限制)共同作用于草本植物的β多样性。 相似文献
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Nils Teichert Mario Lepage Xavier Chevillot Jérémy Lobry 《Journal of Biogeography》2018,45(2):406-417