Hypotheses and causes of body height progressions since mid 19th century--a scientific historical review. I: Discussion of causes since the end of the 19th century to mid 20th century, including references on body height development in the 19th century

This examination is trying to give a scientific historical survey of the hypothesis and the reasons for progression of height since the middle of the 19th century. These progressions of height are not based on a single reason, but were kept going by the addition of consecutive reasons. Physical relief is mainly responsible for the most recent phase of progression of height.     

History of methods for estimating body height by skeletal findings. Recommendations for estimating body height by skeletal findings up to the middle of the 20th century

Up to now no historical review concerning the methods to estimate body height from skeletons has been given. As well no collection of the formulae relevant to this subject, which would save laborious search in the wide-scattered literature, is available hitherto. This study tries to fill this gap. The anthropological and statistical treatment of the populations under study will not be discussed in this connection, because this has to be left to a separate study.     

The anthropometric history of Argentina, Brazil and Peru during the 19th and early 20th century

This anthropometric study focuses on the histories of three important Latin American countries - Brazil, Peru, and Argentina - during the 19th century, and tests hypotheses concerning their welfare trends. While non-farm Brazil and Lima, Peru, started at relatively low height levels, Brazil made substantial progress in nutritional levels from the 1860s to the 1880s. In contrast, Lima remained at low levels. Argentinean men were tall to begin with, but heights stagnated until 1910. The only exception were farmers and landowners, who benefited from the export boom.     

Preliminary studies of an interdisciplinary inquiry of the body height proportions of Germans in the 19th century and of the influence of living conditions. II. Original preliminary studies for Baden, Alsace-Lorraine, Bavaria, the whole German Reich, summarizing evaluation, historical nutritional references, literature

In Part I of this examinations, preliminary original researches about the constitutional situations in Germany from the North to the kingdom Württemberg has been presented. In this part II, such preliminary researches follow for the other southern part of the German settlement. With references to Baden, Alsace-Lorraine, and Bavaria first since the second part of the 19th century, comprehensive anthropological data exist, but these contain valuable and differentiated data material. A first analysis for this German data material does not reveal regular relation-ships between body-height, urban and rural life, and geographical altitude. But there are relation-ships between wealthy and poor social classes and between educated and heavily working people, and there exists a negative trend in the body-height-means from the North and South to the middle of the German settlement with minima in Saxony and in several regions in Southern Germany. As spread for the different means about 160 to more than 170 cm is to estimate. The spread seems to be broader in the second half of the 19th century, presumably because the better life-conditions does not hold for all Germans in the same manner. About of the beginning of the 20th century, the body-height-means show an increase with may by interpreted as an kind of rehabilitation after times of emergency in the early industrialization and of difficulties in food supply.