二十世纪我国植物学家对植物组织培养的贡献

回顾了上一世纪我国植物组织培养的发展。 1934年以来 ,我国的植物组织培养研究一直与国际发展同步进行。我国学者在离体器官发生、茎尖培养、花药培养、子房培养、胚乳培养、原生质体培养和细胞大量培养等分支领域都取得重要进展。本文在引证我国研究者发表的植物组织培养论文的基础上 ,着重评述了那些被国际同行公认的研究成果。此外 ,还介绍了植物组织培养在我国农业和工业上应用的情况     

二十世纪我国植物学家对植物组织培养的贡献

回顾了上一世纪我国植物组织培养的发展.1934年以来,我国的植物组织培养研究一直与国际发展同步进行.我国学者在离体器官发生、茎尖培养、花药培养、子房培养、胚乳培养、原生质体培养和细胞大量培养等分支领域都取得重要进展.本文在引证我国研究者发表的植物组织培养论文的基础上,着重评述了那些被国际同行公认的研究成果.此外,还介绍了植物组织培养在我国农业和工业上应用的情况.     

荔枝生物技术研究进展（综述）

从荔枝的组织培养、花药培养和原生质体培养方面综述荔枝生物技术的研究概况,并提出该领域存在问题及发展方向。     

黄瓜矿棉无土育苗效应的研究

本文报道了利用矿棉进行黄瓜无土育苗的效应及生长发育的研究结果。于1986年秋季进行了试验研究,两种育苗法的黄瓜幼苗干重对数值与时间的回归方程分别为: 矿棉培土培黄瓜幼苗LnW=6.0376 0.1068t LnW=5.8500 0.0960t 经F值检验达极显著。两种育苗法在生长量上的差距显著,试验结束时,矿棉培幼苗于重高于土培幼苗近两倍;经幼苗各器官分析,矿棉培幼苗根系效应最大,高出土培幼苗的3-4倍;其次是叶,高出2倍;再次是茎轴1.5倍左右。经矿棉育苗的幼苗质量好,移栽成活率高,有利于植物根系舒伸生长,证明矿棉是一种良好的植物育苗基质。本文详细地讨论了利用矿棉进行无土育苗的优越性和发展前景。     

A method for growing stationary plant suspension cell cultures

Summary Stationary culture of plant cell suspensions has been achieved. Slurries, produced when small amounts of agar (0.1–0.4%) were added to culture media, were used to suspend plant cells. Growth proceeded more slowly than in standard shake culture, but cells remained viable for months of culture. This method of growing plant cells in stationary culture should be useful for general applications including long-term cell culture, shipment of cultures, and physiological, molecular biological, and pathological studies. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable. Editor’s Statement This procedure for growing stationary suspension cultures in an agar slurry should be useful for shipping suspensions and for long-term maintenance of little used or back-up cultures.     

肺炎支原体液体培养法检测的实验评价

目的比较液体培养法和固体培养法平行检测肺炎支原体结果的一致性;评价液体培养法检测肺炎支原体的可靠性。方法采用液体培养基和固体琼脂培养基平行检测1 648份临床标本的肺炎支原体,比较同一份标本在2种培养基上的检测结果。结果液体培养法阳性296例,阳性率为18%;固体培养法阳性244例,阳性率为14.8%;液体培养法阳性而固体培养法阴性57例;固体培养阳性而液体培养法为阴性5例。2种方法的阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺炎支原体快速液体培养法与固体培养有较好的一致性,具有方便、简单、准确且可以用于早期检测等优点,适合临床大批量标本筛查。需结合患者临床症状等排除真菌和耐药菌造成的假阳性。     

Scale-up of suspension and anchorage-dependent animal cells

Alternative culture processes for laboratory scale-up (to 20 L) are described for both suspension and anchorage-dependent cells. Systems range from simple multiple culture units such as the roller bottle, through stirred suspension and microcarrier unit bioreactors, to highly sophisticated perfusion culture capable of maintaining cells at densities of about 10⁸/mL. Critical parameters in scale-up are discussed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each culture system are critically evaluated.     

Multiplication of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chrysanthemum</Emphasis> shoots in bioreactors as affected by culture method and inoculation density of single node stems

Single node cuttings (1 cm in length) of Chrysanthemum were cultured on gelled and liquid media to compare shoot multiplication efficiency. Liquid culture resulted in greater fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length and leaf area compared to gelled culture. Shoots from liquid culture grew vigorously without hyperhydricity, showing 100% ex vitro survival. To determine optimal inoculation density of single nodes in a bioreactor, different numbers of single nodes (20 or 40 or 60 or 80) were placed into a 10-l column-type bioreactor. Shoot length was greatest at the 80-node inoculation, with the least number of branches, indicating the best inoculation density tested for shoot multiplication in bioreactors. In the final experiment, single-node cuttings in bioreactors were treated with three different culture systems: ebb and flood, deep flow technique (DFT) culture and immersion. Results indicated that the DFT culture led to the greatest fresh weight, shoot length and leaf area, followed by the ebb and flood culture, while the immersion culture suppressed shoot multiplication due to the lack of oxygen and the high water potential. Our results suggested the possibility of large-scale production of Chrysanthemum shoots in bioreactors.     

High density culture of mouse-human hybridoma cells using a perfusion culture apparatus with multi-settling zones to separate cells from the culture medium

Mouse-human hybridoma X87X cells were cultivated using a novel perfusion culture apparatus provided with three-settling zones to separate the cells from the culture medium by gravitational settling. The maximum viable cell density in a serum-free culture medium attained 3.0×10⁷ cells/ml, when the specific perfusion rate was set to 2.3 vol day^-1, and monoclonal antibody was continuously produced. These results were almost the same as those in the perfusion culture vessel with one settling zone and revealed that the process with a plurality of settling zones is a promising one for scale-up of a gravitation type of perfusion culture vessel.     

Why does human culture increase exponentially?

Historical records show that culture can increase exponentially in time, e.g., in number of poems, musical works, scientific discoveries. We model how human capacities for creativity and cultural transmission may make such an increase possible, suggesting that: (1) creativity played a major role at the origin of human culture and for its accumulation throughout history, because cultural transmission cannot, on its own, generate exponentially increasing amounts of culture; (2) exponential increase in amount of culture can only occur if creativity is positively influenced by culture. The evolution of cultural transmission is often considered the main genetic bottleneck for the origin of culture, because natural selection cannot favor cultural transmission without any culture to transmit. Our models suggest that an increase in individual creativity may have been the first step toward human culture, because in a population of creative individuals there may be enough non-genetic information to favor the evolution of cultural transmission.