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Résumé Nos recherches au microscope électronique portent sur une structure nerveuse en lamelles découverte pour la première fois dans l'antenne duSpeophyes, qu'on étudie comparativement chez les Coléoptères hypogés et épigés. Nous constatons qu'elle existe à l'extrémité de l'antenne chez toutes les espèces cavernicoles de l'échantillon examiné ainsi que chez plusieurs espèces épigées. Nous n'avons pas rencontré cet organe à l'extrémité de l'antenne de trois espèces épigées; nous ne pouvons cependant pas affirmer qu'il n'existe pas, les articles inférieurs de l'antenne n'ayant pas été examinés. Son plus grand développement chez les espèces cavernicoles laisse supposer une fonction plus spécifiquement adaptée à ce milieu. La structure fine de ces lamelles présentant une étroite similitude avec celle des photorécepteurs, nous avons émis l'hypothèse d'une sensibilité à des rayonnements présents dans la grotte, par exemple au rayonnement infrarouge. Il faut souligner que la nature ciliaire de ces structures est en désaccord avec l'appartenance de l'Insecte à la lignée rhabdomérique.
Comparative study on the lamellated nervous structures in the antenna of certain coleoptera
Summary The lamellated nervous system discovered in the antennae of the beetleSpeophyes, has been comparatively investigated in various hypogeous and epigeous species. It was found in almost all of the species studied in the tip of the antennae. It was, however, not detected in a few of the epigeous forms. Its extensive development in the cave develling species suggests a specific function in this particular environment. The fine structure of the lamellae is closely comparable to that of photosensory cells. Therefore it is assumed that they serve a similar function, i. e. the perception of infrared radiation in the caves. Its ciliary nature does not correspond to the rhabdomeric structure of insect eyes.
Technicienne associée.  相似文献   

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C. Vago  S. Chastang 《BioControl》1962,7(2):175-179
Summary The comparative study of cultures of the tissues of the ovary sheath of the female gonad and of the hemocytes of Lepidopterous by means of varying proportions of insect serum and calf serum, has revealed that the serum of mamalians can to a great extent take the place of insect serum. Nevertheless the incorporation of a small amount of insect serum is beneficial to the culture. The principle which is described makes it possible, in particular, to cultivate the tissues of very small insects.   相似文献   

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Sans résuméStagiaire de Recherches au Centre de Recherches Hydrobiologiques du C.N.R.S.  相似文献   

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Experiments of primary production were carried out at weekly intervals in the surface waters at one station (maximum depth of 20 m) in the Saguenay River, near Chicoutimi, during May–December 1978. The photic zone was very thin (maximum depth of 2 m). Phosphates are very low during the season sampling (maximum of 0.1 µat-g.–1). Maximum of production rates and biomass are respectively 3.5 mg C.m–3.h–1 and 3.7 mg.m–3. The river receives both industrial and urban runoff. Trace metals (Mercury, Copper, Lead, and Iron) seemed to be one of the important limiting factors for phytoplankton growth.
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V. Delucchi 《BioControl》1961,6(2):109-113
Summary The author proposes to standardize the preparation technique for microhymenoptera. The insects have to be presented for identification in a dry state, mounted on a minute pin or glued on a heavy paper point (double-mounting). Preference is given to the mounting on minute pin, as this method has the advantage that a specimen pinned with a minuten may be removed from its support and each morphological detail easily observed. The minuten is fixed to a short strip of soft material such as polyporus (bracket fungus); if this is not available, stiff paper may be used. The support with the pinned specimen is then attached to a pin no. 3 (fig. 1–3). The absence of glue is advantageous, especially in subtropical countries, where the glue is generally destroyed by bacteria and fungi. When the pins are unavailable for this double-mounting technique, the author proposes to glue the thoracic pleurae of the insect to the previously folded tip of a heavy paper point (fig. 6). The material for identification may be preserved in a liquid medium (as alcohol with some drops of glycerine) after a series of individuals have been prepared according to the double-mounting technique. Also, specimens in excess may be sent dry in a plastic or glass tube between two cellucotton masses.   相似文献   

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Summary This work deals with analysis of soils from mounds belonging to the following Termites:Bellicositermes bellicosus Smeathman,Bellicositermes natalensis Haviland,Amitermes unidentatus (evuncifer) Silvestri,Nasutitermes ueleensi Sjöstedt andCubitermes fungifaber Sjöstedt. The following data were collected: texture, organic carbon and nitrogen rates, loss by calcination,pH and colour of dry soil.In order to compare the different materials, samples were always taken in the mounds and on the adjacent land. The native building materials differ with the Termite species.As for theMacrotermitinae which take soils from the depth, the texture is finer in the soils coming from the mounds than in the adjacent soils; there is no difference forAmitermes mounds; but for the mounds ofCubitermes andNasutietermes, the rate of fine elements is greater than in the surrounding soils which contain an important amount of iron oxyde concretions.The buildings ofMacrotermitinae are poorer in organic matter than the adjacent land, but the contrary occurs with the mounds ofCutitermes, Nasutitermes andAmitermes.
Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit handelt über die Analyse von Termitennesterböden welche folgenden Arten angehören:Bellicositermes bellicosus Smeathman,Bellicositermes natalensis Haviland,Amitermes unidentatus (evuncifer) Silvestri,Nasutitermes ueleensis Sjöstedt undCubitermes fungifaber Sjöstedt.Es wurden analysiert: Textur, organischer Stickstoff und Kohlenstoffgehalt, Aschgehalt,pH und Farbe des trockenen Bodens. Um einen Vergleich zu ermöglichen wurden jedesmal Proben entnommen einerseits in den Termitennestern und andererseits in den angrenzenden Böden. Der Ursprung des Baumaterials ändert mit der Termitenart. Bei denMacrotermitinae welche die Materialien aus der Tiefe entnehmen, stellt man fest daß die Textur der Termitennester feiner ist als in den angrenzenden Böden; im Falle derAmitermes bestehen keine Texturunterschieden. Die Nester derCubitermes undNasutitermes sind reicher an feineren Elementen als die benachbarten Böden welche stark mit Lateritkonkretionen angereichert sind. Die großen Gebäude derMacrotermitinae sind viel ärmer an organischem Material als die Außenböden; das Gegenteil wird beobachtet bei den Nestern derCubitermes, Nasutitermes undAmitermes.


Ingénieur agronome Lv. Licencié en Sciences zoologiques Lv. Assistant à la Division d'Agrologie de l'INÉAC.  相似文献   

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Résumé Des micro-organismes présentant les caractères des mycoplasmes ont été observés dans les tissus adipeux et cardiaques de larves du Coléoptère ScarabeideMelolontha melolontha, soit sur des tissus prélevés directement sur larves, soit maintenus en culture d'organes pendant 15 jours à 3 semaines.
Summary Microorganisms with characteristics usually observed in mycoplasms when examined under the electron microscope have been seen in fat and cardiac cells from larvae ofMelolontha melolontha, [Scarabaeidae Coleoptera]. These observations have been made either on tissues taken directly from larvae or kept in organotypic culture for 15 days to 3 weeks.
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Résumé Les stations halophiles étudiées sont situées, l'une non loin du fleuve Amou-Daria, à proximité du port fluvial de Qizil-Qala (Afghanistan du Nord), l'autre sur les bords du lac Ab-i-Istada (Afghanistan du Sud-Est). Les sols, toujours humides, sont riches en chlorure et en sulfate de sodium. L'accumulation des sels en surface est caractéristique, et peut conduire, sous l'effet de la forte évaporation, à la formation d'une croûte superficielle très riche en ions.La flore est assez différente d'une station à l'autre, mais les Chénopodiacées représentent toujours plus de la moitié des espèces répertoriées. Celles-ci sont pour la plupart des halophytes strictes, souvent annuelles (Salicornia herbacea, Cressa cretica), plus rarement des halophytes tolérantes, vivant dans ces stations grâce à un système radiculaire puissant leur permettant d'atteindre des horizons profonds presque dessalés (Tamarix hispida, Alhaghi camelorum). A Qizil-Qala, une série de relevés et de mesures écologiques a permis d'apprécier les conditions propices au développement d'Aeluropus littoralis, d'Alhaghi camelorum et surtout deSalicornia herbacea. Cette dernière présente des exigences écologiques voisines, mais plus souples, que son homologue de l'Europe du Nord-Quest, littorale ou continentale. Dans les deux stations, lorsque le relief s'accuse, on passe de la végétation halophile à la végétation des steppes aralocaspiennes, dominée par les espèces du bloc floristique iranotouranien.
Summary The halophile stations studied are situated, the one not far from the Amou-Daria river, near the fluvial port of Qizil-Qala (North-Afghanistan), and the other on the banks of the Ab-i-Istada lake (South-East Afghanistan). The soils, always wet, are rich in sodium chloride and sulphate. The accumulation of the salts near the surface is characteristic, and can result, after heavy evaporation, in a superficial salty crust. The flore is fairly different from one station to the other, but Chenopodiaceae compose more than half of the species. Most of these are strict halophytes, often annuals (Salicornia herbacea, Cressa cretica); more rarely they are tolerant halophytes, living in these stations thanks to a strong root system which allows them to reach deep and almost saltfree horizons (Tamarix hispida, Alhaghi camelorum). In Qizil-Qala, series of relevees and of ecologic determinations enabled us to estimate the favourable conditions for the development ofAeluropus littoralis, Alhaghi camelorum and, above all, ofSalicornia herbacea. This last one shows similar but somewhat less strict ecological requirements as its homologous species from Northwest, littoral or continental Europe. In the two stations, where the reliefs rises, we pass from halophilic to aralocaspian steppe vegetation, dominated by the species of the iranotouranian floristic block.
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B. Vincent 《Hydrobiologia》1983,102(3):175-186
Spatio-temporal variations of macrobenthic community structure were studied in the littoral zone of the Saint-Lawrence River (Québec). Its thermal regime is characterized by steep seasonal gradients from April to November and by a long ice-cover period with formation of an icefoot. Six sites were sampled each season for one year. Temporal variations are less important than spatial variations. They are mainly seasonal and depend on emergence and recruitment periods and on migrations but there are also long-term variations. An increase of the mean diversity index of sites corresponds to an increase of seasonal variations of community profile and to a decrease of seasonal variations of organism abundance; it is explained by a better exploitation of benthic resources rather than by environment stability. Spatial variations of community structure depend mainly on vegetation abundance. There is no faunal zonation corresponding to the icefoot action. In sites where Gastropods are abundant, icefoot does not change community profile but it explains diminutions of density and of species diversity. Chironomids are little affected by this phenomenon.  相似文献   

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