致热适应因子诱发热适应体温降低机制的探讨

致热适应因子(HAIF)是在经过热锻炼适应兔的脑室液中发现的一种活性肽,它能诱发未热适应兔产生相似热适应的体温降低。Holaday等根据阿     

热适应兔脑脊液中降温活性组分的初步分离鉴定

生物体在某种特殊环境条件下,经过一定时间适应锻炼就能获得对这种特殊环境的适应能力。杜桂仙等实验证明热适应兔的脑脊液中存在一种具有降温效应的神经活性物质,因此认为这种适应能力可能与体内所产生的某种活性物质有关。对降温活性物质的研究至今尚未见到国内的有关报道。本实验以热适     

致热适应因子的反相高效液相色谱分离及其降温活性测定

先前的研究工作曾发现,在热适应兔脑室液中有一种能诱使体温降低的活性物质——致热适应因子(HAIF),经Sephadex G25柱层析分离发现存在于P_4组分中。本研究用RP-HPLC进一步从G25-P_4组分中分离出HAIF。活性检测表明,其中保留时间4.61 min的RP-HPLC_3明显降低丘脑下部前区注射兔的肛温。经Waters 990 光电二极管检测的RP-HPLC_3三维图鉴定为色谱纯。RP-HPLC_3的剂量-效应曲线呈高度拟合的抛物线相关;丘脑下部前区注射的适宜剂量相当于3.4～7.2×10~(-10)g HAIF。这些结果证明,RP-HPLC分离得到了高纯度、高效价的HAIF。     

热激锻炼对高温胁迫下菊花生理代谢的影响

以菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium)品种'神马'的扦插苗为试验试材,在40℃下对其进行8 h的热激锻炼,然后在50℃下分别进行0、 1、 1.5、 2、 2.5、4 h不同时间的高温胁迫.通过对其相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量及过氧化物歧化酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的测定,研究了热激锻炼对菊花耐热性的影响.结果表明,热激锻炼的菊花叶片相对电导率比对照减小,MDA含量也比对照减小,而可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量及POD和SOD活性比对照增加,说明热激锻炼在一定程度上提高了菊花幼苗的耐热性.     

热激锻炼诱导菊花耐热性研究

以菊花(Chrysanthemum morifolium)叶片和花瓣为试验材料,在38℃下对其进行5 h的热激锻炼,再于50℃下分别进行0、0.5、1.0、1.5、3.0 h的高温胁迫,然后对其细胞膜透性、叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白质含量动态变化及5′-核苷酸酶的活性进行了测定.结果表明,热锻炼的菊花叶片电解质渗漏率相对较小,叶片叶绿素含量比对照下降的慢,5′-核苷酸酶活性比对照高,MDA含量也相对较低,而且花瓣中可溶性蛋白质保持了相对较高的含量,说明热锻炼诱导菊花获得了一定的耐热性.     

热锻炼对甘蓝幼苗叶片激发能分配的影响

以喜温凉的蔬菜甘蓝为试材,研究了热锻炼与对照甘蓝幼苗叶片光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数对高温胁迫的响应．结果表明,叶片温度在25-35℃之间,热锻炼苗和对照苗叶片叶绿素可变荧光(Ｆv)、光化学猝灭(qP)、非光化学猝灭(qN)、PSⅡ化学效率(ФPSⅡ)没有明显的变化;当叶温高于35℃时。热锻炼苗的Fv、qP和中ФPSⅡ均明显高于对照,37℃时Fv、qP和ФPSⅡ分别比对照高53％、24％和86％;qN较对照低22％,尤其是与光抑制(光破坏)有关的qNs明显降低,以维持较高的高能态猝灭(qNf)耗散过剩激发能。保护PSⅡ反应中心不受破坏。减轻了光抑制,这与热锻炼幼苗叶片在高温下具有较高的光合能力是一致的。     

谷胱甘肽还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶在玉米幼苗热激诱导的交叉适应中的作用

玉米幼苗经过热激处理后,在随后的高温、低温、干旱和盐胁迫环境中,其存活率明显高于未热激的幼苗,表明热激能提高植物的抗热性、抗冷性、抗旱性和抗盐性,证实了玉米幼苗交叉适应现象的存在;热激还可提高谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,且在上述4种胁迫过程中GR、SOD活性水平与玉米幼苗的存活率呈正相关,表明GR和SOD参与玉米幼苗交叉适应的形成.     

水杨酸和热锻炼诱导的高羊茅幼苗的耐热性与抗氧化的关系

研究了水杨酸（SA）处理和热锻炼（HH）对高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schred.)幼苗耐热性的影响和在耐热性诱导过程中植物体内可溶性蛋白含量与超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化的酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）等3种抗氧化酶的活性变化。结果表明：0.5mmol/L男SA预处理能显著提高高羊茅幼苗在42℃热胁迫（HS）后转至常温下恢复生长18d时的苗高,绿叶数和绿叶指数;在常温下SA提高高羊茅幼苗的CAT活性,降低POD活性,而对SOD的影响不显著;SA和HH均能降低高羊茅幼苗在HS下细胞外渗液电导率,提高可溶性蛋白的含量和SOD、CAT活性,但不能显著提高POD活性。因此,推测SA与HH提高耐热性上具有相似的机理。     

过热兔血中毒性物质的探讨

本文观察到13只受热兔(肛温超过40℃)与正常兔交叉循环后,正常兔血压、心输出量均明显降低,30′、60′、90′时收缩压由循环前的109.2mmHg分别降为88.1,85.1,68.9mmHg(P<0.01),舒张压由循环前的80.5mmHg降为68.5,69.6,56.4mmHg(P<0.01)。心输出量循环前为477.2ml/min,循环30′时降为381.4ml/min,60′时为320.9ml/min(P<0.01)。心率无明显改变。还观察到血清及组织电解质在受热兔及与之交叉循环的正常兔中均发生了某些改变。受热兔血清钾、镁明显升高,钙明显降低;脑中钠、钙、镁明显升高;肝、肠中钾明显降低,钠明显升高。与其交叉循环的正常兔发生了十分一致的变化。与受热兔交叉循环的正常兔肛温并未升高,未发生明显改变。结果表明,过热兔血中存在有使正常兔血压及心输出量降低,组织电解质分布发生改变的因素。     

未结冰低温胁迫下小麦叶细胞质膜透性的变化进程及性质

小麦离体叶片经0℃至-10℃低温处理(处理过程中叶片未结冰),于不同处理温度下取样后立即在室温下测定其组织直流电阻及灌流流出液电导的变化。经-4℃或更低温度处理的叶片在测定开始时的组织电阻值比对照下降约30％,灌流流出液的电导随低温胁迫强度的加大而上升。测定开始后的30min内,叶片的组织电阻及灌流流出液的电导均可恢复到对照值。此变化可因CCCP和NaN_3预处理而消失。     

THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT ON SOME APHIDS

The thermal death-points of five species of aphids removed from their host plants lay between 38 and 41°C., when tested for 1 hr. at 60% r.h . Many aphids alive after 1 hr. at high temperatures died within the next day; no Myzus persicae recovered and reproduced after 1 hr. above 37.5°C. Third and fourth instars and adult apterae withstood heat better than first and second instars and alatae. More aphids died at 90% r.h . than at 60% r.h , and more at 60% than at 30% r.h . Aphids kept at 15% r.h . for 4 hr. before being heated showed a higher mortality than those kept at 95% r.h . Aphids on plants withstood temperatures higher than their thermal death-point off the plant. Presumably aphids can continue to cool themselves by evaporation while feeding; also lower temperatures on the surface of transpiring plant tissues will aid survival.     

THE EFFECT OF WATER CONTENT UPON THE RATE OF HEAT DENATURATION OF CRYSTALLIZABLE EGG ALBUMIN

1. The denaturation rate of partially dried crystallizable egg albumin is greatly decreased by decreasing its water content. 2. The temperature of denaturation, defined as the temperature at which half of the protein becomes insoluble in distilled water after a definite time of heating, is a linear function of the relative humidity with which the protein is in equilibrium. 3. By applying the Arrhenius equation it is shown that the rate of heat denaturation at a given temperature is an exponential function of the relative humidity. 4. The application of the observed relations to the analysis of the mechanism of thermal death of microorganisms is suggested. 5. The water content of native and heat-denatured egg albumin is determined as a function of the relative humidity of water vapor. It is shown that the heat-denatured modification takes up approximately 80 per cent as much water at all relative humidities as does native egg albumin.     

THE HEAT DISINFECTION OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AND STREPTOCOCCUS LACTIS

SUMMARY: The heat resistance of a number of strains of Streptococcus lactis and Str. faecalis at 60° in Ringer's solution and separated milk has been determined and the Decimal Reduction Times (D.R.T.) calculated.
Heating in separated milk at 60° enabled Str. lactis to be sharply differentiated in most cases from Str. faecalis. The latter gave D.R.T. values usually much above 3 min. while the former gave values usually under 1 min. and certainly less than 3 min. Single tests might give misleading results with certain strains.
The log. survivor-time graphs of both species were not always straight lines over all their length. A preliminary period of slow death was frequently observed.