苦瓜的核糖体失活蛋白

核糖体失活蛋白是一类专一修饰核糖体的大亚基rRNA从而抑制蛋白质生物合成的蛋白毒素,可分为Ⅰ-型和Ⅱ-型两种类型。苦瓜中含有多种Ⅰ-型核糖体失活蛋白,如α-苦瓜素,β-苦瓜素和MAP30等,这些蛋白成分具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒和抗艾滋病等功能,因而近年来引起人们广泛的关注。对苦瓜核糖体失活蛋白的研究进展和应用前景进行了综述。     

一组丝瓜籽小分子核糖体失活蛋白LuffinS的分离、纯化和性质

通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、ＣＭ－５２阳离子交换层析、ＨＲＬＣ分子排阻层析及ＦＰＬＣＭｏｎｏＳ离子交换层析等步骤,从丝瓜籽中分离到一组分子量为８ｋＤ左右的小分子核糖体失活蛋白——ＬｕｆｉｎＳ１、ＬｕｆｉｎＳ２、ＬｕｆｉｎＳ３。末端分析结果表明,它们的Ｎ端氨基酸分别为Ａｌａ、Ｐｒｏ和Ｔｈｒ。氨基酸序列分析确定了ＬｕｆｉｎＳ２的Ｎ端９个氨基酸的序列是Ｐｒｏ－Ａｒｇ－Ａｒｇ－Ｇｌｙ－Ｇｌｎ－Ｇｌｕ－Ａｌａ－Ｐｈｅ－Ａｓｐ。ＬｕｆｉｎＳｓ对核糖体的失活机制与天花粉蛋白（ＴＣＳ）一致,是ＲＮＡＮ－糖苷酶催化型的。它们对无细胞蛋白质生物合成的抑制活性较ＴＣＳ略强,ＩＣ５０分别为１．３×１０－１１、１．０×１０－１０和６．３×１０－１１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右。因此ＬｕｆｉｎＳｓ有可能开发成免疫毒素的高效“弹头”。     

核糖体失活蛋白研究进展

核糖体失活蛋白是一类毒蛋白,主要存在于植物当中,在真菌和细菌中也有发现.其共同特点是具有N-糖苷酶活性,能水解生物核糖体大亚基rRNA颈环结构上特定位点的腺嘌呤,使核糖体失活,从而抑制了蛋白质合成.本文对核糖体失活蛋白的主要性质、应用以及国内外有关这类蛋白的研究进展加以概述.     

核糖体失活蛋白研究进展

核糖体失活蛋白是一类毒蛋白, 主要存在于植物当中, 在真菌和细菌中也有发现。其共同特点是具有N-糖苷酶活性, 能水解生物核糖体大亚基rRNA颈环结构上特定位点的腺嘌呤, 使核糖体失活, 从而抑制了蛋白质合成。本文对核糖体失活蛋白的主要性质、应用以及国内外有关这类蛋白的研究进展加以概述。     

八棱丝瓜籽核糖体失活蛋白的分离纯化及其生化性质

通过盐溶液抽提、硫酸铵分级沉淀、CM 5 2纤维素阳离子交换层析、反相毛细管液相色谱 (re verse phasecapillaryliquidchromatography ,RP CLC)等步骤 ,从八棱丝瓜籽中分离到 2种单链核糖体失活蛋白luffaculin 1和luffaculin 2 .在SDS PAGE和IEF上均显示为单一条带 ,表观分子量均为 2 8kD ,其等电点分别为 8 86 (luffaculin 1)和 9 0 5 (luffaculin 2 ) .实验表明 ,它们具有RNAN 糖苷酶活性 .蛋白质合成抑制活性测试表明 ,它们对蛋白质合成具较强的抑制作用 .体外抑制肿瘤细胞生长活性检测表明 ,luffaculin 1和luffaculin 2对人白血病细胞株K5 6 2有较强的毒性 ,IC50 分别为 1 1×10 -6mol L和 2 0× 10 -7mol L .八棱丝瓜籽核糖体失活蛋白具有可以用于或构成免疫毒素治疗癌症的应用前景     

核糖体失活蛋白及核糖体拓扑结构的研究进展

天花粉毒蛋白使核糖体失活的分子机制是它有ＲＮＡＮ－糖苷酶的作用。从樟树种子中纯化的两种新的核糖体失活蛋白（ＲＩＰ）——辛纳毒蛋白和克木毒蛋白也都具有ＲＮＡＮ－糖苷酶和依赖超螺旋结构的核酸内切酶活性。辛纳毒蛋白还有杀虫活性;克木毒蛋白还有超氧化物歧化酶活性。被ＲＮＡＮ－糖苷酶失活的核糖体用硼氢化钠还原或氨基酸加成反应可部分地复活,这表明失活的核糖体ＲＮＡ上产生的一个活泼醛基对其失活起着重要作用。工作中建立了荧光标记在凝胶上测定小分子ＲＮＡ序列和定性测定糖蛋白的两种新方法。     

植物的核糖体失活蛋白及其应用

对植物的核糖体失活蛋白的分类、性质、功能和应用的研究进展作概述。     

核糖体失活蛋白及核糖体拓扑结构的研究进展（续完）

核糖体失活蛋白及核糖体拓扑结构的研究进展（续完）李向东刘望夷（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所,上海２０００３１）关键词核糖体失活蛋白核糖体拓扑结构ＲＮＡＮ－糖苷酶２．核糖体拓扑结构的研究核糖体是由数十种生物大分子（ＲＮＡ和蛋白质）构成的。早期普遍接受的...     

苦瓜核糖体失活蛋白的分离纯化及其抑制烟草花叶病毒活性

目的:探讨分离纯化苦瓜种子核糖体失活蛋白(RIP)的方法,并研究利用纯化后的RIP抑制烟草花叶病毒(TMV)的活性。方法:用盐溶液抽提总蛋白后,经30%～90%的(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀,制成粗提液。用CMSepharoseFastFlow离子交换层析结合SephadexG-75凝胶柱分离纯化RIP。结果与结论:经SDS-PAGE检测及RNAN-糖苷酶活性鉴定,确定最终得到的蛋白为苦瓜RIP;所纯化的RIP对感染黄瓜和番茄的TMV有明显的抑制作用,但RIP的浓度并不与其抑制TMV的活性呈正相关。     

植物核糖体失活蛋白及其应用进展

植物核糖体失活蛋白（ribosome-inactivating proteins,RIPs）是一类作用于真核细胞rRNA,并破坏其核糖体结构,抑制蛋白质生物合成的毒蛋白,主要应用在农业和医学领域。在农业领域,主要应用在转基因植物中,增强其抗病毒、抗菌以及抗虫活性。在医学领域,主用应用于抗肿瘤、抗艾滋病病毒等研究中。对核糖体失活蛋白的一些性质和应用进展进行综述。     

Influence of physico-chemical traits of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L. on larval density and resistance to melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett)

Abstract:  Melon fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is one of the most important pests of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L. Because of the difficulties associated with chemical control of this pest, it is important to identify the traits associated with resistance and their influence on pest multiplication. There were significant differences in test genotypes for fruit infestation and larval density/fruit. The wild accessions, IC 256185, IC 248256, IC 213311, IC 248282, IC 256110 and IC 248281 were identified as resistance sources to melon fruit fly. There was a significant and positive correlation ( r  = 0.96) between percentage fruit infestation and larval density/fruit. Percentage fruit infestation and larval density/fruit were positively correlated with depth of ribs, flesh thickness, fruit diameter and fruit length, and negatively associated with fruit toughness. Flesh thickness and fruit diameter explained 93.0% of the total variation for fruit fly infestation, and flesh thickness and fruit length explained 76.3% of the variation for larval density/fruit. Ascorbic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, protein, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total sugars were negatively correlated, while the moisture content showed a positive association with fruit fly infestation and larval density/fruit. Moisture, potassium and reducing sugar content explained 97.4% of the total variation in fruit infestation, while moisture, phosphorus, protein, reducing and total sugars explained 85.7% variation for larval density/fruit.     

Induction of Anti-inflammatory Responses by Dietary Momordica charantia L. (Bitter Gourd)

We assessed the immunomodulatory activity of Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd), a vegetable that has been reported to possess various bioactivities. We examined the effect of bitter gourd on intestinal immunity by monitoring the TGF-β and IL-7 secretion from Caco-2 cells and the IL-10 and IL-12 secretion from THP-1 cells that are used as in vitro models of the intestinal epithelium and monocyte/macrophages, respectively. We also determined the in vivo immunological responses of rats fed on bitter gourd for 3 weeks. We found that bitter gourd induced a decrease in the intestinal secretion of IL-7 and an increase in the secretions of TGF-β and IL-10, these effects reflecting the bitter gourd-induced changes in systemic immunity, i.e., a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, increases in the populations of Th cells and NK cells, and increase in the Ig production of lymphocytes. Dietary bitter gourd may therefore induce both intestinal and also systemic anti-inflammatory responses.     

AgNO3诱导的苦瓜纯雌系完全花分化与幼叶和花蕾中内源激素的关系

本文用酶联免疫检测（ELIsA）技术研究三叶-心期喷施AgNO3诱导苦瓜纯雌系完全花分化过程中花蕾与幼叶中内源激素含量变化。结果显示：喷施AgNO,后幼叶中IAA、GA,、ZR和ABA含量与喷水的相比,都是先下降后增加。AgNO3处理的花蕾中这4种激素含量在72h内没有一致变化规律,但变化幅度大于幼叶的,表明生殖器官的内源激素对苦瓜性别分化影响比营养器官的大。AgNO3处理后24-48h内,花蕾中这4种激素的含量明显低于喷水的,而其余时间则高于喷水的。此外,AgNO3处理的花蕾中ABA／IAA、ZR／I从和GA3／IAA比值也在2448h发生剧烈的变化,48h之后这些激素比值与喷水的相差不大。这些结果说明了AgNO3处理后24-48h是苦瓜纯雌系性别分化的关键时期,IAA可能是诱导纯雌系苦瓜雄性分化的关键激素。     

Momordica charantia trypsin inhibitor II inhibits growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera

Abstract  Bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia L.) seeds contain several squash-type serine proteinase inhibitors (PIs), which inhibit the digestive proteinases of the polyphagous insect pest Helicoverpa armigera . In the present work isolation of a DNA sequence encoding the mature peptide of a trypsin inhibitor McTI-II, its cloning and expression as a recombinant protein using Pichia pastoris have been reported. Recombinant McTI-II inhibited bovine trypsin at 1: 1 molar ratio, as expected, but did not inhibit chymotrypsin or elastase. McTI-II also strongly inhibited trypsin-like proteinases (81% inhibition) as well as the total proteolytic activity of digestive proteinases (70% inhibition) from the midgut of H. armigera larvae. The insect larvae fed with McTI-II-incorporated artificial diet suffered over 70% reduction in the average larval weight after 12 days of feeding. Moreover, ingestion of McTI-II resulted in 23% mortality in the larval population. The strong antimetabolic activity of McTI-II toward H. armigera indicates its probable use in developing insect tolerance in susceptible plants.     

Anti-tumor activity and immunological modification of ribosome-inactivating protein （RIP） from Momordica charantia by covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol

Ribosome-inactivating proteins （RIPs） are a family of enzymes that depurinate rRNA and inhibit protein biosynthesis. Here we report the purification, apoptosisinducing activity, and polyethylene glycol （PEG） modification of RIP from the bitter melon seeds. The protein has a homogenous N-terminal sequence of N- Asp-Val-Ser-Phe-Arg. Moreover, the RIP displayed strong apoptosis-inducing activity and suppressed cancer cell growth. This might be attributed to the acti- vation of caspases-3. To make it available for in vivo application, the immunogenicity of RIP was reduced by chemical modification with 20 kDa （mPEG）2-Lys-NHS. The inhibition activity of both PEGylated and non- PEGylated RIP against cancer cells was much stronger than against normal cells, and the antigenicity of PEGylated RIP was reduced significantly. Our results suggested that the PEGylated RIP might be potentially developed as anti-cancer drug.     

苦瓜冻干粉对动物的降血糖作用及急性毒性

对药食同源植物苦瓜（Ｍｏｍｏｒｄｉｃａ ｃｈａｒａｎｔｉａ Ｌ．）的鲜汁冻干粉对动物的降血糖作用及急性毒性进行了药理实验,苦瓜冻干粉（生药量２０ｇ／ｋｇ和４０ｇ／ｋｇ）对药物性高血糖小鼠具有显著的降血糖作用,同时对正常小鼠血糖没有影响;苦瓜冻干粉的小鼠口服ＬＤ５０为生药量７０４．８ｇ／ｋｇ（９５％可信限生药量６１８．４～８０４ｇ／ｋｇ）,其产生降糖药效的剂量仅为其ＬＤ５０的１／３５～１／１７。     

苦瓜种质遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

采用RAPD和ISSR分子标记技术对38份苦瓜种质进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:10个RAPD和10个ISSR引物分别扩增出93条和81条带,多态性比率分别为50.54%和61.29%;RAPD和ISSR标记检测供试材料的遗传相似性系数(GS)范围,分别为0.287~1和0.221~1,ISSR(平均GS值0.672)检测多态性效果高于RAPD(平均GS值0.694)。RAPD标记聚类分析将供试种质分为3个类群6组,分类结果与苦瓜瓜瘤的表型分类比较相似;ISSR标记聚类分析将供试种质分为3个类群7组,ISSR标记划分类群与形态上以颜色分类比较接近。RAPD和ISSR标记的遗传相似性系数呈显著相关(r=0.550)。两个标记整合后聚类分析可检测到更大的遗传变异,结果与苦瓜的农艺性状分类和地理分布有一定的相关性。     

Use of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase together with redox mediators to decolorize disperse dyes

In this study, salt fractionated bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) peroxidase was used for the decolorization of water-insoluble disperse dyes; Disperse Red 17 and Disperse Brown 1. Effect of nine different redox mediators; bromophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, guaiacol, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, m-cresol, quinol, syringaldehyde, violuric acid, and vanillin on decolorization of disperse dyes by bitter gourd peroxidase has been investigated. Among these redox mediators, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole was the most effective mediator for decolorization of both the dyes by peroxidase. Bitter gourd peroxidase (0.36 U/mL) could decolorize Disperse Red 17 maximally 90% in the presence of 0.1 mM 1-hydroxybenzotriazole while Disperse Brown 1 was decolorized 65% in the presence of 0.2 mM 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Maximum decolorization of these dyes was obtained within 1 h of incubation at pH 3.0 and temperature 40°C. The application of such enzyme plus redox mediator systems may be extendable to other recalcitrant and water insoluble synthetic dyes using novel redox mediators and peroxidases from other new and cheaper sources.