蛭弧菌BDH21-02对鱼类细胞及病原菌的作用*

蛭弧菌BDH21-02在双层琼脂平板上能裂解所有检测的17种共36株宿主菌,在水中蛭弧菌对受试病原菌的裂解程度在2.96±0.13~4.46±0.28 lg值之间。其中,BDH21-02使嗜水气单胞菌浓度下降4.32±0.25 lg值的同时,自身浓度上升3.40±0.30 lg值。BDH21-02对PCK、C IK、EPC、FHM等鱼类细胞的毒性实验表明,实验组和对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。由实验结果可以看出蛭弧菌BDH21-02在生物防治鱼病方面具有良好的应用价值。     

不同条件下蛭弧菌裂解河流弧菌的研究

选择四种不同培养液,控制温度、pH和Ca＋＋Mg＋＋离子的不同水平,进行蛭弧菌HD94－12－7对河流弧菌WY91－24－3的裂解实验,结果表明,在灭菌蒸馏水、灭菌自来水、灭菌池塘水及Trisbuffer培养液中蛭弧菌HD94－12－7均表现出良好的裂解活性;温度在20—35℃时,蛭弧菌的裂解活性最大,低于15℃时,蛭弧菌的裂解能力明显减弱;pH值在6.5—8．1之间,蛭弧菌的裂解强度最大,pH低于5．6或高于8．1时,不利于蛭弧菌的生存。Ca＋＋,Mg＋＋离子能明显提高蛭弧菌的裂解活性。本研究证实了在实验条件下蛭弧菌对鱼类致病菌一河流弧菌具有明显地清除作用。     

蛭弧菌的分离及其生长条件和裂解能力的研究

噬菌蛭弧菌具有裂解病原菌、净化水体的功效,从海洋环境中分离到4株Bh04系列蛭弧菌,对其生长条件进行了测定,同时研究了它们对61株菌株的裂解能力。结果表明,在1%～3%的盐度范围内,蛭弧菌均可生长,最适盐度为3%;在15～30℃温度条件下蛭弧菌也可生长,但最适培养温度为20-25℃;只有在使用活的宿主菌的培养条件下,蛭弧菌才能生长。4株蛭弧菌分别可裂解21、24、40、43株菌,各占总试验菌数(61)的34.4%、39.3%、65.6%和70.5%。4株蛭弧菌一起,则可裂解55菌株,占总试验菌株的90.2%。研究结果揭示了蛭弧菌在消除海洋环境中有害细菌方面的潜在应用价值。     

海洋蛭弧菌的分离鉴定及其对副溶血弧菌的作用

蛭弧菌广泛存在于自然水体, 具有噬菌的特性, 对水体中细菌数量控制具调节作用。以副溶血弧菌为宿主菌, 利用双层琼脂法, 从海洋水体中分离出15株具有噬菌作用的细菌, 对形成噬菌斑能力最强的1株菌株进行特异性16S rDNA扩增, 确认为蛭弧菌, 命名为Bd-M1。Bd-M1对大多数海水养殖动物病原菌有裂解作用, 裂解率在90%(20/22)以上, 模拟水环境实验发现, 蛭弧菌对副溶血弧菌有较强的裂解和净化作用, 102 h内能使副溶血弧菌从3.0′108 CFU/mL下降到8.7×103 CFU/mL。动物实验表明蛭弧菌能有效预防对虾弧菌病的发生, 表明蛭弧菌有望成为水产动物疾病防治的一种有效的生物制剂。     

微生物学通报（Weishengwuxue Tongbao）2006年，第33卷 总目录

第1期研究报告TIMP-2在毕赤酵母中的克隆与表达……………………………闫训友,赵洪亮,张惟广,薛冲,刘志敏(1)蛭弧菌BDH21-02对鱼类细胞及病原菌的作用…………………林茂,杨先乐,薛晖,曹海鹏,邱军强(7)冻干乳酸菌菌种增菌培养基增殖因子的优化…………………张建友,徐静波,王军     

一株广盐性蛭弧菌的生物学特性

【背景】蛭弧菌有裂解水产养殖中常见致病菌的能力,具有重要的潜在应用价值,但在实际应用中,存在着菌株生长条件与应用环境不相符而导致效果差乃至无效果等问题。因此获得适应范围宽的蛭弧菌甚为关键。【目的】筛选出一株广盐性蛭弧菌以利推广应用;提升蛭弧菌蛭质体密度以利保存。【方法】以枯草芽孢杆菌为宿主,于浅滩水域分离纯化出一株广盐性蛭弧菌;对该广盐性蛭弧菌菌株进行分子生物学鉴定;之后探究其生物学特性及裂解性能,并研究谷氨酸钠、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)、吲哚等影响蛭质体密度的因素。【结果】分离获得一株广盐性蛭弧菌BDN-1,其适宜温度、盐度和pH范围分别为20-30°C、0.5%-3.0%、6.0-8.5;BDN-1对30株受试菌的裂解率为86.7%,对其中16株受试弧菌裂解率为87.5%;谷氨酸钠、吲哚、Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)对BDN-1蛭质体密度有提升作用。【结论】研究结果提供了一株裂解能力强且海淡水均可应用的蛭弧菌菌株,查明了其生物学特性及影响其蛭质体密度的因素,为蛭弧菌的高效利用奠定了基础。     

噬菌蛭弧菌对嗜水气单胞菌裂解作用的研究

本文报道了8株噬菌蛭弧菌对河水中分离的9株嗜水气单胞菌的裂解作用。结果发现,噬菌蛭弧菌Bd32的裂解率为77.78％;Bd83、Bd98的裂解率为88.89％,其余5株噬菌蛭弧菌对9株嗜水气单胞菌全部裂解。     

两种培养基对对虾苗池海洋蛭弧菌的分离及其多样性分析

【目的】明确海水(Sw)和聚蛋白胨20(Pp20)两种双层琼脂培养基对海洋蛭弧菌的分离计数效果,了解对虾苗池可培养海洋蛭弧菌多样性。【方法】采用双层平板法,比较Sw和Pp20培养基对2株海洋蛭弧菌和对虾苗池未知海洋蛭弧菌的计数效果。通过宿主范围测试和16S rRNA基因序列分析评估两种培养基分离苗池海洋蛭弧菌的多样性。【结果】宿主菌含量高时,Sw培养基对两株已知海洋蛭弧菌的计数值均显著高于(P0.05)Pp20。Sw和Pp20培养基从同一苗池水样分别分离得到21和22株蛭弧菌。根据宿主裂解范围差异,43株分离物可分为15种裂解模式,其中Sw和Pp20培养基各分离到12和8种。16S rRNA基因序列分析表明,所有分离物都被鉴定为噬菌弧菌属(Bacteriovorax)菌株,并可分为6个类群,Sw和Pp20培养基分别分离到6和4个类群。【结论】Sw培养基在分离计数海洋蛭弧菌及其多样性检测上效果均优于Pp20;对虾苗池可培养海洋蛭弧菌具有较高多样性,并以类群XIII、X及一个潜在新类群为优势种群。     

噬菌蛭弧菌对206株伤寒杆菌裂解作用的研究

本文报道了噬菌蛭弧菌(Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus,以下简称蛭弧菌)Bd81、Bd98对江苏省15个县市201株伤寒杆菌及5株标准伤寒杆菌裂解作用的研究结果。发现蛭弧菌在含有伤寒杆菌宿主的自来水双层琼脂平板上,经25℃48小时培育,可形成透明噬菌斑。蛭弧菌Bd81裂解199株,占总数96.60％,包括86年68株,87年74株,5株标准菌株全部被裂解,89年59株其中被裂解52株,阳性率为88.14％;Bd98裂解204株,占总数的99.03％,     

恩诺沙星对蛭弧菌生长及吸附的影响

本实验通过观察不同浓度恩诺沙星对固体培养条件下蛭弧菌产生噬斑和液体培养条件下蛭弧菌增殖的情况,以及蛭弧菌在不同浓度恩诺沙星下吸附到载体上的情况,研究了恩诺沙星对蛭弧菌BDF-H16生长及吸附的影响.实验发现:2μg/mL、5μg/mL、10μg/mL、20μg/mL和50μg/mL恩诺沙星对蛭弧菌BDF-H16噬斑的产生及增殖均具有抑制作用(P<0.05).在固体培养72 h后.随着恩诺沙星浓度逐渐增大,蛭弧菌BDF-H16产生的噬斑数目逐渐减少;在液体培养72 h后,随着恩诺沙星的浓度逐渐增高,蛭弧菌BDF-H16的增殖浓度不断减少,但10μg/mL恩诺沙星并没有改变蛭弧菌BDF-H16的生长趋势.此外,以沸石作为吸附载体,2μg/mL、5 μg/mL、10 μg/mL、20 μg/mL和50 μg/mL恩诺沙星降低了蛭弧菌BDF-H16吸附量,随着恩诺沙星浓度的增大,蛭弧菌BDF-H16的吸附量逐渐降低,而蛭弧菌BDF-H16的吸附率却在一定恩诺沙星浓度(2 μg/mL～20μg/mL)下却有所升高(P<0.05).以上结果表明,恩诺沙星对蛭弧菌BDF-H16噬斑的产生及增殖具有抑制作用,但在有载体存在的情况下,蛭弧菌的吸附能力在一定恩诺沙星浓度范围内有所增强,添加载体沸石有助于降低恩诺沙星对蛭弧菌BDF-H16的不良影响.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.