Carbohydrate nanoparticle-mediated colloidal assembly for prolonged efficacy of bacteriocin against food pathogen

The goal of this study was to demonstrate the ability of carbohydrate nanoparticle-stabilized emulsion to prolong the efficacy of bacteriocin against food pathogens. An amphiphilic, negatively charged carbohydrate nanoparticle, phytoglycogen octenyl succinate (PG-OS), was used to form oil-in-water emulsion for delivering bacteriocin nisin against the food pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Dynamic light scattering test showed that in emulsion all PG-OS nanoparticles were adsorbed at the surface of oil droplets. Zeta-potential analysis indicated an effective adsorption of positively charged nisin molecules at the surface of PG-OS interfacial layer. Nisin depletion model showed that, during 50 days of storage, the anti-listerial activity of nisin-containing PG-OS-stabilized emulsion was substantially greater than that of nisin solution. In contrast, the emulsion stabilized with a neutral, small-molecule surfactant (Tween 20) or negatively charged, hyperbranched carbohydrate polymer (modified starch) was either ineffective or less effective than the nanoparticle-stabilized emulsion to retain nisin activity during storage.     

Diversity-oriented sustainable synthesis of antimicrobial spiropyrrolidine/thiapyrrolizidine oxindole derivatives: New ligands for a metallo-β-lactamase from Klebsiella pneumonia

A simple, environmentally benign and highly proficient microwave assisted one-pot approach for the synthesis of antimicrobial spiropyrrolidine/thiapyrrolizidine oxindole derivatives is reported assembling two pharmacophoric moieties (1,3-indanedione and pyrrolidine/thiapyrrolizidine) in a single molecular framework via three-component 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of substituted isatin, sarcosine/1,3-thiazoles-4-carboxylic acid and Knoevenagel adduct (2-Cyano-3-phenyl-acrylic acid ethyl ester or 2-Benzylidene-malononitrile) in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol as a reusable green solvent. Good functional group tolerance and broad scope of usable substrates are other prominent features of the present methodology with high degree of chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity. The stereochemistry of synthesized compounds was confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. All the synthetic compounds were examined for their antimicrobial potential. The synthesized compounds having pyrrolothiazole moiety showed excellent activity against K. pneumoniae as compared to others and even more inhibitory activity than the mentioned drugs, i.e. compounds 6a (MIC = 0.09 μg/mL), 6b (MIC = 0.045 μg/mL), 6c (MIC = 0.005 μg/mL), 6d (MIC = 0.19 μg/mL). Additionally, compound 6c has shown better binding affinity against New Delhi Metallo-beta-Lactamase-1 (NDM-1) protein in computational docking studies.     

A Comparative Study Between the Antibacterial Effect of Nisin and Nisin-Loaded Chitosan/Alginate Nanoparticles on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Raw and Pasteurized Milk Samples

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of nisin-loaded chitosan/alginate nanoparticles as a novel antibacterial delivery vehicle. The nisin-loaded nanoparticles were prepared using colloidal dispersion of the chitosan/alginate polymers in the presence of nisin. After the preparation of the nisin-loaded nanoparticles, their physicochemical properties such as size, shape, and zeta potential of the formulations were studied using scanning electron microscope and nanosizer instruments, consecutively. FTIR and differential scanning calorimetery studies were performed to investigate polymer–polymer or polymer–protein interactions. Next, the release kinetics and entrapment efficiency of the nisin-loaded nanoparticles were examined to assess the application potential of these formulations as a candidate vector. For measuring the antibacterial activity of the nisin-loaded nanoparticles, agar diffusion and MIC methods were employed. The samples under investigation for total microbial counts were pasteurized and raw milks each of which contained the nisin-loaded nanoparticles and inoculated Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 19117 at 10⁶ CFU/mL), pasteurized and raw milks each included free nisin and S. aureus (10⁶ CFU/mL), and pasteurized and raw milks each had S. aureus (10⁶ CFU/mL) in as control. Total counts of S. aureus were measured after 24 and 48 h for the pasteurized milk samples and after the time intervals of 0, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 h for the raw milk samples, respectively. According to the results, entrapment efficiency of nisin inside of the nanoparticles was about 90–95%. The average size of the nanoparticles was 205 nm, and the average zeta potential of them was ?47 mV. In agar diffusion assay, an antibacterial activity (inhibition zone diameter, at 450 IU/mL) about 2 times higher than that of free nisin was observed for the nisin-loaded nanoparticles. MIC of the nisin-loaded nanoparticles (0.5 mg/mL) was about four times less than that of free nisin (2 mg/mL). Evaluation of the kinetic of the growth of S. aureus based on the total counts in the raw and pasteurized milks revealed that the nisin-loaded nanoparticles were able to inhibit more effectively the growth of S. aureus than free nisin during longer incubation periods. In other words, the decrease in the population of S. aureus for free nisin and the nisin-loaded nanoparticles in pasteurized milk was the same after 24 h of incubation while lessening in the growth of S. aureus was more marked for the nisin-loaded nanoparticles than the samples containing only free nisin after 48 h of incubation. Although the same growth reduction profile in S. aureus was noticed for free nisin and the nisin-loaded nanoparticles in the raw milk up to 14 h of incubation, after this time the nisin-loaded nanoparticles showed higher growth inhibition than free nisin. Since, generally, naked nisin has greater interactions with the ingredients present in milk samples in comparison with the protected nisin. Therefore, it is concluded that the antibacterial activity of nisin naturally decreases more during longer times of incubation than the protected nisin with the chitosan/alginate nanoparticles. Consequently, this protection increases and keeps antibacterial efficiency of nisin in comparison with free nisin during longer times of storage. These results can pave the way for further research and use of these nanoparticles as new antimicrobial agents in various realms of dairy products.     

The in vitro genotoxicity of benzoic acid in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The chromosomal aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus test (MN) were employed to investigate the in vitro effect of antimicrobial food additive benzoic acid on human chromosomes. Lymphocytes were incubated with various concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 500 μg/mL) of benzoic acid. The results of used assays showed that benzoic acid significantly increased the chromosomal aberration, sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus frequency (200 and 500 μg/mL) without changing the pH of the medium in a dose-dependent manner. Also this additive significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) at the highest concentration for 24 h and 100, 200 and 500 μg/mL for 48 h. This decrease was dose-dependent as well. However, it did not effect the replication (RI) and nuclear division (NDI) indices.     

Synthesis,screening and docking analysis of hispolon analogs as potential antitubercular agents

A series of 20 hispolons/dihydrohispolons were synthesized and characterized by spectral data. These compounds were subjected to in vitro antitubercular activity screening against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) strain. The synthesized compounds showed varied antitubercular activity ranging from 100 to 1.6 μg/mL. Among the screened compounds, four compounds (H1, H2, H3 and H15) have shown moderate activity with MIC 25 μg/mL. Potent activities were observed for the dihydrohispolon derivative H14 (MIC 1.6 μg/mL) followed by H13 (6.25 μg/mL) and H17 (12.5 μg/mL), H19 (3.125 μg/ML). Docking simulations gave good insights on the possible interactions between the tested compounds and β-keto acyl synthase enzyme (mtbFabH). Drug-inhibitor combination studies showed no synergism with the drugs targeting mycolic acid biosynthesis (isoniazid, ethambutol and thiolactomycin, a specific inhibitor of KAS-B enzyme) but showed significant synergism with other drugs including rifampicin and ciprofloxacin ascertaining the drug target for hispolons as inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis, probably via mtbFabH.     

Synthesis of thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives: anticancer,antimicrobial and DNA cleavage studies

In the search of efficient anticancer agents, here, new 5-(4-alkylbenzyledene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives (5a–g) have been successfully synthesized and characterized and are evaluated for anticancer and antimicrobial activities using DNA cleavage studies. In vitro studies on anticancer activity of compound 5d (NSC: 768619/1) was done against the full panel of 60 human tumor cell lines. The five-level dose activity results revealed that, the compound 5d was active against all the cell lines, it has shown potential activity against leukemia SR (GI₅₀: 2.04 μM), non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H522 (GI₅₀: 1.36 μM), colon cancer COLO 205 (GI₅₀: 1.64 μM), CNS cancer SF-539 (GI₅₀: 1.87 μM), melanoma SK-MEL-2 (GI₅₀: 1.64 μM), ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 (GI₅₀: 1.87 μM), renal cancer RXF 393 (GI₅₀: 1.15 μM), prostate cancer PC-3 (GI₅₀: 1.90 μM), and breast cancer MDA-MB-468(GI₅₀: 1.11 μM). DNA cleavage studies revealed that at 50 μg/mL concentration, partial DNA digestion was observed and when the concentration is increasing to threefold (150 μg/mL), complete linear DNA digestion and partial supercoiled DNA digestion was observed. Further antimicrobial studies indicate that all the synthesized compounds except compound 5a possess prominent activity against all the screened microbial species. This study throws a ray of light in the field of anticancer drugs.     

Suppression of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A in Fluid Milk by Free and Liposome-Entrapped Nisin

Nisin is an antimicrobial polypeptide inhibitory toward Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes. Encapsulating nisin in lipid nanocapsules (i.e., liposomes) has been shown to protect antimicrobial functionality in complex food matrices. The capacity of liposomes to encapsulate a fluorescent reporter was determined via spectroscopy. Survival and growth of L. monocytogenes incubated in fluid milk containing 50 IU/ml free or liposome-entrapped nisin was assayed via periodic enumeration of survivors. Liposomes were formulated from phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidyl-DL-glycerol (PG) and prepared as PC, PC/PG 7/3 or PC/PG 6/4 (mol. fraction). Antilisterial activity of nisin-loaded liposomes was determined in ultra-high temperature processed fluid milk containing approximately 4.0 log₁₀ CFU/ml L. monocytogenes Scott A plus liposomal or free nisin at 50 IU/mL. Samples were aerobically held at 5 or 20°C; L. monocytogenes were enumerated via plating after 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 incubation hours. Liposome entrapment did not enhance pathogen inhibition when compared to free nisin as a function of storage temperature or incubation duration.     

Optimization on Antimicrobial Effects of Natural Compound Preservative Against B. cereus and E. coli by RSM

In this paper, the sensitivity of food spoilage organisms (Bacillus cereus; Escherichia coli) to natural antimicrobial peptides (surfactin; polylysine; nisin) from microorganism was observed, and the optimization of antimicrobial effect in meat evaluated by a RSM was studied. Results showed that these strains were sensitive to them. MICs of surfactin and polylysine and nisin were 31.25 and 312.5 and 312.5???g/mL respectively against B. cereus, and MIC were 15.625 and 156.25 and 2,500???g/mL respectively against E. coli. The optimization result indicated that B. cereus and E. coli could be sterilized by six log cycles when the temperature was 14.05?°C, the action time was 10.95?h, and the concentration (surfactin/polylysine/nisin weight ratio 0.1:1:2) was 379.53???g/mL.     

Dodecyl sorbitan ethers as antimicrobials against Gram-positive bacteria

A range of amphiphilic sorbitan ethers has been synthesized in two steps from sorbitan following an acetalization/hydrogenolysis sequence. These sorbitan ethers and the acetal intermediates have been evaluated as antimicrobials against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. No antimicrobial activity was observed for Gram-negative bacteria. However, the compounds bearing a linear dodecyl chain exhibit antimicrobial activity (MIC as low as 8 μg/mL) against Gram-positive bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Encouraged by these preliminary results, dodecyl sorbitan was tested against a range of resistant strains and was found to be active against vancomycin-, methicillin- and daptomycin-resistant strains (MIC = 32–64 μg/mL).     

The Effect of Antimicrobial Peptide Temporin-Ra on Cell Viability and Gene Expression of Pro-inflammatory Factors in A549 Cell Line

Antimicrobial peptide Temporin-Ra was isolated from the skin secretions of marsh frog Rana ridibunda. Temporin-Ra was chemically synthesized and purified using RP-HPLC technique. The cytotoxicity of peptide on lung airway epithelial cell line (A549) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied by MTT assay. Furthermore, the effect of Temporin-Ra on the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-8 in A549 cell line was evaluated at peptide concentrations of 15, 30 and 50 μg/mL for 6, 12 and 24 h using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time PCR methods. The result of our experiments revealed that Temporin-Ra decreased cell viability about 3–13 % in A549 cells and 4–6 % in PBMC cells. Moreover, Temporin-Ra induced the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-8 genes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. According to our results, maximum IL-8 mRNA expression was observed after a 24-h treatment of cancer cells with 50 μg/mL peptide with approximately 18-fold increase in expression. The least expression level of IL-1β was observed after 6-h of incubation in the presence of 15 μg/mL peptide with 2.5-fold increase in expression whereas the most expression level was obtained following 24 h-treatment with 50 μg/mL peptide with 26-fold increase in mRNA expression. Eventually, the present study highlights the role of Temporin-Ra as a potent antimicrobial peptide in the activation and maintenance of inflammatory processes.     

Antioxidant,antimicrobial activities and comparative analysis of the composition of essential oils of leaf,stem, flower and aerial part of Nepeta hindostana

Nepeta hindostana (B.Heyne ex Roth) Haines is belonging to lamiaceae family and used as a component of herbal ayurvedic formulation Abana which is useful for the treatment of Hyperlipidemia, Dyslipidemia and Hypercholesterolemia. In the present study, the essential oil from aerial parts (flower, leaves, stem and whole aerial) was collected and the major constituents of essential oils were characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS and further evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy. The major components of the essential oil were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (77.2, 80.5, 62.5, 77.8%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (10.5, 9.2, 20.6, 9.2%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (5.3, 4.2, 2.5, 3.6%) in leaves, stem, flowers and aerial part, respectively. The major compounds in essential oils were identified as β-sesquiphellandrene, cadina-1,4-diene, α-cadinene, (E)-caryophyllene, α-humulene and β-bisabolene. At 100 μg/mL concentration, leaves essential oil showed strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical scavenging activity with the IC₅₀ 2.8 μg/mL and 34.0% by β-carotene bleaching assay. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was tested against four Gram-negative and five Gram-positive pathogenic strains. The essential oil from flower showed potent activity (37.5 μg/ml) against S. aureus, S. mutans but was less active against Gram-negative bacterial strains. In anti-MRSA activity, leaves and flowers exhibited strong activity against S. aureus (SA-2071) and S. aureus (SA-4627) with lowest IC₅₀ value of 50–100 μg/mL. Overall, N. hinodostana (L.) essential oil represented a potential reservoir of molecules having potent antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.     

Design,synthesis, and bioactivities of novel oxadiazole-substituted pyrazole oximes

A series of novel pyrazole oxime derivatives containing a substituted oxadiazole group were designed and synthesized. The bioassay results indicated that some title compounds displayed good acaricidal and insecticidal activities against Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Aphis medicaginis, Oriental armyworm, and Nilaparvata lugens. Especially, compounds 7a, 7b, and 7c had 80%, 90%, and 90% insecticidal activities against A. medicaginis at 20 μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, some of the designed compounds displayed wonderful fungicidal activities in vivo against cucumber Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Furthermore, compounds 7a (EC₅₀ = 4.97 μg/mL) and 7h (EC₅₀ = 0.51 μg/mL) showed excellent fungicidal activity against P. cubensis comparable or better than that of the control Pyraclostrobin (EC₅₀ = 4.59 μg/mL).     

Antifungal Activities of Diphenyl Diselenide alone and in Combination with Fluconazole or Amphotericin B against Candida glabrata

Here, we evaluated combinations of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)₂] with fluconazole and amphotericin B in a checkerboard assay against clinical Candida glabrata strains. Minimal inhibitory concentration (geometric mean) ranged from 0.25 to >64 (5.16 μg/mL) for (PhSe)₂, 1 to 32 (5.04 μg/mL) for fluconazole and 0.06 to 0.5 (0.18 μg/mL) for amphotericin B. Synergistic (76.66 %) and indifferent (23.34 %) interactions were observed for (PhSe)₂ + amphotericin B combination. (PhSe)₂ + fluconazole combination demonstrated indifferent (50 %) and antagonistic (40 %) interactions, whereas synergistic interactions were observed in 10 % of the isolates. New experimental in vivo protocols are necessary and will promote a better understanding of the antimicrobial activity of (PhSe)₂ against C. glabrata and its use as an adjuvant therapy with antifungal agents.     

Extent and Mode of Action of Cationic Legume Proteins against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis

The methylated soybean protein and methylated chickpea protein (MSP and MCP) with isoelectric points around pI 8 were prepared by esterifying 83 % of their free carboxyl groups and tested for their interactions with Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Enteritidis. The two substances exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory action against the two studied bacteria with a minimum inhibitory concentration of about 100 μg/mL. The IC_50 % of the two proteins against L. monocytogenes (17 μg/mL) was comparable to penicillin but comparatively much lower (15 μg/mL) than that of penicillin (85 μg/mL) against S. Enteritidis. The two proteins could inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes and S. Enteritidis by about 97 and 91 %, respectively, after 6–12 h of incubation at 37 °C. The constituting subunits of MSP (methylated 11S and methylated 7S) were both responsible for its antimicrobial action. Transmission electron microscopy of the protein-treated bacteria showed various signs of cellular deformation. The cationic proteins can electrostatically and hydrophobically interact with cell wall and cell membrane, producing large pores, pore channels and cell wall and cell membrane disintegration, engendering higher cell permeability leading finally to cell emptiness, lysis and death.     

Effects of ginkgoneolic acid on the growth, acidogenicity, adherence, and biofilm of Streptococcus mutans in vitro

Ginkgo biloba has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, ginkgoneolic acid, a kind of compound extracted from G. biloba, was investigated for its effects on growth, acid production, adherence, biofilm formation, and biofilm morphology of Streptococcus mutans. The results showed that ginkgoneolic acid inhibited not only the growth of S. mutans planktonic cells at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8 μg/mL but also the acid production and adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite of S. mutans at sub-MIC concentration. In addition, this agent was effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation of S. mutans (MBIC₅₀?=?4 μg/mL), and it reduced 1-day-developed biofilm of S. mutans by 50 % or more at low concentration (MBRC₅₀?=?32 μg/mL). Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that ginkgoneolic acid disrupted biofilm integrity effectively. These findings suggest that ginkgoneolic acid is a natural anticariogenic agent in that it exhibits antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and suppresses the specific virulence factors associated with its cariogenicity.     

A non-cyclic baboon θ-defensin derivative exhibiting antimicrobial activity against the phytopathogen Verticillium dahliae

θ-Defensins are the only natural cyclic proteins found in primates. They have strong antimicrobial activity related to their trisulfide ladders and macrocyclic conformation. A non-cyclic baboon θ-defensin (BTD) was synthesized by substituting valine with phenylalanine at position 17, at the C-terminal end of the BTD; this was termed “BTD-S.” The antimicrobial activities of this synthetic peptide were investigated against Escherichia coli and two cotton phytopathogens: Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of BTD-S for E. coli was 10 μg/mL and for V. dahliae was 5 μg/mL, significantly lower than that for F. oxysporum (40.0 μg/mL). A time course analysis of fungal cultures indicated that the growth of V. dahliae was completely inhibited after 96 h of BTD-S treatment. Furthermore, hemolysis assays revealed that BTD-S was not toxic to mammalian cells as it could not induce lysis of sheep red blood cells even at ten times the MIC (50 μg/mL). Scanning electron microscopy and double-stained (calcofluor white and propidium iodide binding) fluorescence microscopy showed that exposure of spores of V. dahliae to BTD-S either disabled normal germination or disintegrated the spores. The size of cells exposed to BTD-S was significantly reduced compared with controls, and their number increased in a dose-dependent curve when measured by flow cytometry. These findings suggest that BTD-S has great potential to inhibit the growth of V. dahliae and can be utilized as an effective remedy to control economic losses caused by Verticillium wilt in the development of wilt-resistant cotton.     

Novel α,β-unsaturated amide derivatives bearing α-amino phosphonate moiety as potential antiviral agents

Based on flexible construction and broad bioactivity of ferulic acid, a series of novel α,β-unsaturated amide derivatives bearing α-aminophosphonate moiety were designed, synthesized and systematically evaluated for their antiviral activity. Bioassay results indicated that some compounds exhibited good antiviral activities against cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in vivo. Especially, compound g18 showed excellent curative and protective activities against CMV, with half-maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 284.67 μg/mL and 216.30 μg/mL, which were obviously superior to that of Ningnanmycin (352.08 μg/mL and 262.53 μg/mL). Preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) analysis revealed that the introduction of electron-withdrawing group at the 2-position or 4-position of the aromatic ring is favorable for antiviral activity. Present work provides a promising template for development of potential inhibitor of plant virus.     

Evaluation of Nisin F in the Treatment of Subcutaneous Skin Infections, as Monitored by Using a Bioluminescent Strain of Staphylococcus aureus

The potential of nisin F as an antimicrobial agent in treating subcutaneous skin infections was tested in vivo by infecting C57BL/6 mice with a bioluminescent strain of Staphylococcus aureus (Xen 36). Strain Xen 36 has the luxABCDE operon located on a native plasmid. Mice were grouped into four groups: Infected with strain Xen 36 and treated with nisin F, infected with strain Xen 36 and treated with saline (placebo), not infected and treated with nisin (control) and not infected and not treated (control). The immune systems of the mice were suppressed with deksamethasone. Mice were treated with either nisin F or sterile physiological saline 24 and 48 h after infection with subcutaneously injected S. aureus Xen 36 (4 × 10⁶ CFU). Histology and bioluminescent flux measurements revealed no significant difference between infected mice treated with nisin and saline, respectively. However, infected mice treated with nisin F had an increased number of polymorphonuclear cells when compared with infected mice treated with saline. Also, not infected mice treated with nisin F had an influx of polymorphonuclear cells. Nisin F is thus ineffective in combating deep dermal staphylococcal infections. The apparent immune modulation of nisin when subcutaneously injected has to be investigated.     

Antifungal and antibacterial potential of methanol and chloroform extracts of Marchantia polymorpha L.

The methanol and chloroform extracts of Marchantia polymorpha were tested against three Gram-negative bacterial strains, viz. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Salmonella enterica and Pasturella multocida and four fungal strains, viz. Tilletia indica Mitra, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. by using disc diffusion and micro broth dilution techniques. Both the extracts showed unique activity against X. oryzae and P.multocida [per cent inhibition (PI) 11.58 and 12.55, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 2.50 and 1.25 μg/mL, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 2.75 and 1.25 μg/mL, respectively] but for fungi, it was shown against S.rolfsii and F. oxysporum [PI 32.65 and 33.44, MIC 2.50 and 0.65 μg/mL, minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) 4.50 and 0.65 μg/mL, respectively].The extracts possessed antimicrobial activity with different potency against variety of micro-organisms pathogenic to plants as well as animals. Some extracts were fungistatic and bacteriostatic (methanol extract against R. solani and chloroform extract against F. oxysporum and methanol extract for bacteria, respectively), while rest showed fungicidal/bactericidal potential. The results suggest the potential of M. polymorpha for developing a broad spectrum antimicrobial formulation in future.