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1.
Hye Joung Kim Kyoung-Woon Kim Yong-Rim Kwon Bo-Mi Kim Yoo-Jin Kim 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(9-10):1425-1433
Objective
In order to identify specific mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) populations with enhanced therapeutic efficacy, we evaluated the functional changes associated with the stable expression of CD200, which is associated with immune regulatory function and osteogenic differentiation, in human bone marrow-derived MSCs (CD200/MSCs).Results
We detected significantly greater osteogenesis and chondrogenesis in CD200/MSCs than in mock-transfected MSCs. In addition, the immune regulatory function of MSCs in mixed lymphocyte reactions was enhanced by CD200 gene transfection. In CD200/MSCs, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, i.e., IL-6 and IL-8, was reduced, and levels of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-10, FOXP3, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 were elevated. Finally, CD200 transfection increased the stemness of MSCs, as evidenced by greater colony numbers in colony-forming unit fibroblast assays and analyses of NANOG and OCT-4 expression.Conclusions
These results suggest that CD200/MSCs have therapeutic applications, and further in-depth research should focus on the development of a clinically applicable cell-based therapeutic strategy.2.
Hansa Jain 《生物学前沿》2017,12(2):116-123
Background
Periodontitis i.e. inflammation of the periodontium is a multifactorial disease. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) which demonstrate a broad-spectrum of activity against varied number of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, and cancerous cells have been linked to periodontitis. The AMPs even possess the caliber of immunomodulation, and are significantly responsive to innate immuno-stimulation and infections. LL-37 plays a salubrious role by preventing and in treatment of chronic forms of periodontitis.Objective
In the present work we will review the role of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in periodontitis.Methods
A systematic search was carried out from the beginning till August, 2016 using the Pubmed search engine. The keywords included “LL-37,” “periodontitis,” “Papillon–Lefevre syndrome,” “Morbus Kostmann,” “Haim-Munk syndrome” along with use of Boolean operator “and.”Results
The search resulted in identifying 67 articles which included articles linking LL-37 with periodontitis, articles on Papillon–Lefevre syndrome, Morbus Kostmann, Haim-Munk syndrome, LL-37 and periodontitis and articles on pathogenicity of periodontitis.Conclusion
The literature search concluded that LL-37 plays a pivotal role in preventing and treatment of severe form of periodontitis.3.
Mona Pourjafar Massoud Saidijam Katayoon Etemadi Rezvan Najafi 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(8):1263-1268
Objectives
To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on caspase 3 activity, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 expression and activity as well as in vitro rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) migration.Results
The expression of the MMP-2/-9 was at least five times higher in ATRA-treated MSCs (P < 0.001), and MMP-2/-9 activity was enhanced with increasing doses compared to the control MSCs. The caspase three activity was attenuated by ATRA preconditioning. Scratch test showed that ATRA could promote the migration capacity of the MSCs compared to the untreated MSCs in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion
ATRA increases the in vitro migration capacity of the MSCs through stimulating the expression and activity of MMP-2/-9 and inhibiting caspase three enzyme activity.4.
Background
Erythropoiesis is regulated by a range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including different cytokines. Recently, the role of catecholamines has been highlighted in the development of erythroid cell lineages.Objective
This study focuses on the biological links interconnecting erythroid development and the sympathetic nervous system. The emerging evidence that underscores the role of catecholamines in the regulation of erythropoietin and other erythropoiesis cytokines are thoroughly reviewed, in addition to elements such as iron and the leptin hormone that are involved in erythropoiesis.Methods
Relevant English-language studies were identified and retrieved from the PubMed search engine (1981–2017) using the following keywords: “Erythropoiesis”, “Catecholamines”, “Nervous system”, and “Cytokines.”Results
Chronic social stress alters and suppresses erythroid development. However, the physiological release of catecholamines is an additional stimulator of erythropoiesis in the setting of anemia. Therefore, the severity and timing of catecholamine secretion might distinctly regulate erythroid homeostasis.Conclusion
Understanding the relationship of catecholamines with different elements of the erythroid islands will be essential to find the tightly regulated production of red blood cells (RBCs) in both chronic and physiological catecholamine activation.5.
6.
BACKGROUND
Neuronal activity in cortical areas regulates neurodevelopment by interacting with defined genetic programs to shape the mature central nervous system. Electrical activity is conveyed to sensory cortical areas via intracortical and thalamocortical neurons, and includes oscillatory patterns that have been measured across cortical regions.OBJECTIVE
In this work, we review the most recent findings about how electrical activity shapes the developmental assembly of functional circuitry in the somatosensory cortex, with an emphasis on interneuron maturation and integration. We include studies on the effect of various neurotransmitters and on the influence of thalamocortical afferent activity on circuit development. We additionally reviewed studies describing network activity patterns.METHODS
We conducted an extensive literature search using both the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. The following keywords were used in various iterations: “interneuron”, “somatosensory”, “development”, “activity”, “network patterns”, “thalamocortical”, “NMDA receptor”, “plasticity”. We additionally selected papers known to us from past reading, and those recommended to us by reviewers and members of our lab.RESULTS
We reviewed a total of 132 articles that focused on the role of activity in interneuronal migration, maturation, and circuit development, as well as the source of electrical inputs and patterns of cortical activity in the somatosensory cortex. 79 of these papers included in this timely review were written between 2007 and 2016.CONCLUSION
Neuronal activity shapes the developmental assembly of functional circuitry in the somatosensory cortical interneurons. This activity impacts nearly every aspect of development and acquisition of mature neuronal characteristics, and may contribute to changing phenotypes, altered transmitter expression, and plasticity in the adult. Progressively changing oscillatory network patterns contribute to this activity in the early postnatal period, although a direct requirement for specific patterns and origins of activity remains to be demonstrated.7.
8.
Hansa Jain 《生物学前沿》2017,12(3):192-198
Background
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen, which is considered to be a keystone pathogen for periodontitis. A diverse conglomerate of P. gingivalis virulence factors including lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, capsular polysaccharide, haemagglutinin and cysteine proteases (Arg-gingipains and Lys-gingipain) are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Leupeptin is a cysteine protease inhibitor which is specific for Arg gingipains. The present review focuses on action of leupeptin on Arg gingipains.Method
A search was carried out systematically from the start till September, 2016. The search was made in Medline database via PubMed. The keywords enlisted were “leupeptin”; “gingipains”; “periodontitis” using Boolean operator “and.”Results
The result was selection of 58 articles which linked leupeptin to periodontitis and gingipains; pathogenesis of periodontitis, pathogenicity of gingipains and role of leupeptin.Conclusion
It was concluded that leupeptin inhibits and attenuates a number of destructive activities of Arg gingipains including inhibition of platelet aggregation; inhibit degradation of LL-37, which is an antimicrobial peptide; blocking inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein; restoring level of interleukin-2; inhibiting degradation of collagen type I and IV to name a few.9.
Purpose
It has been reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into neurons as an effect of adding extraneous factors, such as β-mercaptoethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and butylated hydroxyanisole. However, many of these compounds could harm MSCs and the human body, which restricts their application. We examined whether MSCs could differentiate into neuron-like cells under the influence of natural growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, and neurotrophin 3 (NT-3).Methods
MSCs were collected from rat bone marrow using the plastic adherent selection method, and induced in culture media to which was added different combinations of EGF, bFGF, IGF-1 and NT-3. The shape of the induced cells was observed daily and the differentiated cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry with neural-specific markers.Result
With bFGF and NT-3 in the medium, the induced cells became slim, gradually developing protruding processes, with parts of them forming net- or ring-like structures. Cells with processes showed expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and nestin (NES), which was enhanced when bFGF and NT-3 were added in combination. However, with IGF-1 added to the medium, there was no evidence of neurite-like processes or any net- or ring-like structures; the MSCs retained their round or slim shape.Conclusion
Using natural cytokines in vitro, MSCs successfully differentiated into neuron-like cells. Our study confirms that bFGF and NT-3 exerts a neural-induction effect on the differentiation of MSCs, but that IGF has a rather negative effect on this process.10.
Background
Recently, growing attention has been directed toward stem cell metabolism, with the key observation that metabolism not only fuels the proper functioning of stem cells but also regulates the fate of these cells. There seems to be a clear link between the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), in which cells proliferate indefinitely without differentiation, and the activity of specific metabolic pathways. The unique metabolism in PSCs plays an important role in maintaining pluripotency by regulating signaling pathways and resetting the epigenome.Objective
To review the most recent publications concerning the metabolism of pluripotent stem cells and the role of metabolism in PSC self-renewal and differentiation.Methods
A systematic literature search related to the metabolism of PSCs was conducted in databases including Medline, Embase, and Web of Science. The search was performed without language restrictions on all papers published before May 2016. The following keywords were used: “metabolism” combined with either “embryonic stem cell” or “epiblast stem cell.”Results
Hundreds of papers focusing specifically on the metabolism of pluripotent stem cells were uncovered and summarized.Conclusion
Identifying the specific metabolic pathways involved in pluripotency maintenance is crucial for progress in the field of developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Additionally, better understanding of the metabolism in PSCs will facilitate the derivation and maintenance of authentic PSCs from species other than mouse, rat, and human.11.
Sara Malih Massoud Saidijam Kamran Mansouri Mona Pourjafar Maryam Sadat Tafakh Fahimeh Talebzadeh Rezvan Najafi 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(1):39-44
Objectives
To investigate the effect of AdipoRon on major factors involved in survival, migration and neovascularization of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Results
AdipoRon promoted the MSCs viability. Real-time PCR indicated that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), C–C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2), vascular endothelial growth factor matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 were upregulated in AdipoRon-treated MSCs compared to control groups. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level, as well as migration ability of MSCs (scratch assay) was enhanced by AdipoRon preconditioning.Conclusion
Preconditioning of MSCs with AdipoRon prior to transplantation could enhance cell survival, angiogenesis and migration via activating the COX-2/PGE2/HIF-1 pathway and other contributing factors.12.
Christoph Koffler Matthias Finkbeiner 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2018,23(1):181-190
Purpose
End-of-life (EoL) recycling poses a challenge to many practitioners today due to the availability of different calculation approaches and the lack of scientific consensus, which is fueled by academic research and vested industry interests alike. One of the main challenges in EoL modeling is the credible calculation of the appropriate recycling credit in open-loop and closed-loop situations.Methods
We believe that part of the challenge is caused by a lack of understanding of the underlying recycling paradigm, which refers to the meaning that is assigned to the recycling credit. Referred to as “system expansion through substitution” and “future displacement of primary production,” the two predominant paradigms are delineated from each other followed by a discussion of their remaining challenges.Results and discussion
Based on these considerations, we propose a revised paradigm based on embodied burdens that is able to alleviate many of the most pressing issues associated with material recycling in attributional life cycle assessment.Conclusions
With this discussion paper, we look forward to a productive and lively debate on the matter.13.
Nicholas W. Burman Joel Croft Shaun Engelbrecht A. O. Ladenika O. S. MacGregor Mpho Maepa Michael Oluwatosin Bodunrin Kevin G. Harding 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2018,23(8):1693-1700
Purpose
A review of readily available quantitative environmental data was conducted in order to determine the state of sustainability reporting and identify possible future research areas in Portugal.Methods
Internet searches of articles written in English and published between 2001 and 2015 were conducted using the keywords “life-cycle assessment,” “LCA,” “water footprint,” “carbon footprint,” and “Portugal.” Additionally, reports from the Global Reporting Initiative (2015 only) were included in the search.Results and discussion
It was found that 79% of reports found were published in the period 2011–2015. Several reports were found for the forestry, paper and pulp, food and beverage, energy and electricity, waste management, and automotive industries, while no reports were found for the textile, footwear and clothing, and base metal and mineral industries. As such, these are industries on which future studies might focus. No reports found were published by governmental organizations, although it is thought that expanding the search to include Portuguese language results would yields more results. The majority (68%) of companies reporting to the GRI adhered to the relevant guidelines.Conclusions
A total of 72 reports were found (41 LCAs, water- or carbon footprints, and 31 GRI reports). It is unclear if there are other reports that may be restricted to “hidden” datasets or company specific archives. The aim of this report was to highlight those that were available to a non-specialist or international audiences trying to gain a greater understanding of the LCA space in Portugal.14.
Lili Du Runxiao Lv Xiaoyi Yang Shaohang Cheng Jing Xu Tingxian Ma 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(6):931-939
Objectives
To explore the effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells on scar formation as well as the underlying mechanism.Results
The isolated placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells from mice were distributed in the wounded areas of scalded mouse models, attenuated inflammatory responses and decreased the deposition of collagens, thus performing a beneficial effect against scar formation. Hypoxia enhanced the protective effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α was involved in the protective effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells in hypoxic condition.Conclusions
Hypoxia enhanced the protective effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and PMSCs may have a potential application in the treatment of wound.15.
16.
Background
Maximum parsimony phylogenetic tree reconciliation is an important technique for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of hosts and parasites, genes and species, and other interdependent pairs. Since the problem of finding temporally feasible maximum parsimony reconciliations is NP-complete, current methods use either exact algorithms with exponential worst-case running time or heuristics that do not guarantee optimal solutions.Results
We offer an efficient new approach that begins with a potentially infeasible maximum parsimony reconciliation and iteratively “repairs” it until it becomes temporally feasible.Conclusions
In a non-trivial number of cases, this approach finds solutions that are better than those found by the widely-used Jane heuristic.17.
18.
Background
Metabolic disorders such as Obesity, Diabetes Type 2 (T2DM) and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are the most prevalent globally. Recently, there has been a surge in the evidence indicating the correlation between the intestinal microbiota and development of these metabolic conditions apart from predisposing genetic and epigenetic factors. Gut microbiome is pivotal in controlling the host metabolism and physiology. But imbalances in the microbiota patterns lead to these disorders via several pathways. Animal and human studies so far have concentrated mostly on metagenomics for the whole microbiome characterization to understand how microbiome supports health in general. However, the accurate mechanisms connecting the metabolic disorders and alterations in gut microbial composition in host and the metabolites employed by the microorganisms in regulating the metabolic disorders is still vague.Objective
The review delineates the latest findings about the role of gut microbiome to the pathophysiology of Obesity, IBD and Diabetes Mellitus. Here, we provide a brief introduction to the gut microbiome followed by the current therapeutic interventions in restoration of the disrupted intestinal microbiota.Methods
A methodical PubMed search was performed using keywords like “gut microbiome,” “obesity,” “diabetes,” “IBD,” and “metabolic syndromes.” All significant and latest publications up to January 2018 were accounted for the review.Results
Out of the 93 articles cited, 63 articles focused on the gut microbiota association to these disorders. The rest 18 literature outlines the therapeutic approaches in maintaining the gut homeostasis using probiotics, prebiotics and faecal microbial transplant (FMT).Conclusion
Metabolic disorders have intricate etiology and thus a lucid understanding of the complex host-microbiome inter-relationships will open avenues to novel therapeutics for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the metabolic diseases.19.
Gabriella Saviano Debora Paris Dominique Melck Antonio Falasca Dalila Trupiano Maria Iorizzi Gabriella S. Scippa Andrea Motta 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(4):65
Introduction
Molecular factors are differentially observed in various bent sectors of poplar (Populus nigra) woody taproots. Responses to stress are modulated by a complex interplay among different hormones and signal transduction pathways. In recent years, metabolomics has been recognized as a powerful tool to characterize metabolic network regulation, and it has been widely applied to investigate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Objectives
In this paper we used metabolomics to understand if long term-bending stress induces a “spatial” and a “temporal” metabolic reprogramming in woody poplar roots.Methods
By NMR spectroscopy and statistical analysis we investigated the unstressed and three portions of stressed root (above-bent, bent, and below-bent) sectors collected at 12 (T0), 13 (T1) and 14 (T2) months after stress induction.Results
The data indicate a clear between-class separation of control and stressed regions, based on the metabolites regulation, during both spatial and temporal changes. We found that taproots, as a consequence of the stress, try to restore homeostasis and normal metabolic fluxes thorough the synthesis and/or accumulation of specific compounds related to mechanical forces distribution along the bent taproot.Conclusion
The data demonstrate that the impact of mechanical stress on plant biology can efficiently be studied by NMR-based metabolomics.20.
Matthew L. Stone Yunge Zhao J. Robert Smith Mark L. Weiss Irving L. Kron Victor E. Laubach Ashish K. Sharma 《Respiratory research》2017,18(1):212