表皮生长因子及受体在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达

目的:研究表皮生长因子(Epidermal Growth Factor,EGF)及受体(Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor,EGFR)及在甲状腺肿瘤中的表达。方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测91例甲状腺病变组织中EGFR和EGF的表达情况。结果:结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤、分化型甲状腺癌标本中EGFR表达的阳性率分别为15%、25%、68.62%,EGF表达的阳性率分别为10%、15%、68.62%,其中EGFR、EGF在分化型甲状腺癌与其余两组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。EGFR和EGF在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、临床分期等临床因素无明显相关。结论:EGF和EGFR的表达可作为鉴别甲状腺肿瘤良恶性的一个指标。     

成纤维细胞生长因子与其受体相互作用及其抑制剂的研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子（FGF）有许多重要的生理功能，并与肿瘤的形成有关.为了弄清FGF与成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)相互作用的机制，人们对FGF和FGFR的各个结合结构域进行了深入、细致的研究，定位了aFGF、bFGF的肝素结合区、bFGF的受体结合区、FGF受体的肝素结合区、配体结合区和FGF受体相互结合区，提出了两个FGF与FGFR相互作用的模型，在此基础上设计了FGF的核酸类、糖类和多肽类抑制剂，为寻找新一代抗癌药物打下了理论基础.     

The Insulin-Like Growth Factor System

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in ubiquitous and plays a role in every tissue of the body. It is comprised of ligands, receptors and binding proteins, each with specific functions. While it plays an essential role in embryonic and post-natal development, the IGF system is also important in normal adult physiology. There are now numerous examples of diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and malnutrition in which the IGF system is a major player and, not surprisingly, there are attempts to affect these disorders by manipulating the system.     

Fine structure of cultured glioblasts before and after stimulation by a Glia Maturation Factor

The effect of Glia Maturation Factor on glioblasts in a monolayer culture is studied at the ultrastructural level. The most important finding consists of a change from cells with a predominance of sheath microfilaments (50 Å) and desmosome junctions to cells with a predominance of 100 Å-filaments (gliofilaments) and the puncta adhaerentia type of junctions. The restructuring of the cellular fine components, taken together with our earlier studies on chemistry and cytodynamics, is consistent with the maturation of glial cells in vitro. Although the microtubules do not alter in number, they change from a random orientiation to a parallel alignment with respect to the long axis of the cell processes. Glioblasts in aggregate cultures undergo morphological maturation without the help of the exogenous maturation factor. Glycogen granules characteristic of glia are also observed in these cells. The results suggest that the maturation factor is synthesized by the glial cells during the course of development and that cytodifferentiation is triggered by a local accumulation of the factor above a threshold level.     

The Child's Acquisition of the Phoneme System of a Language

In an earlier study we examined some of the typical patterns manifested in a child's babbling on the basis of material gathered in systematic observations of the development of pronunciation in four children (Voprosy psikhologii, 1973, No. 2).* In this paper we shall present material that sheds light on the way children learn the sounds of actual speech.     

成纤维细胞生长因子6(FGF6)的研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子6(fibroblast growth factor 6,FGF6)是成纤维细胞生长因子家族(FGFs)的成员之一,主要通过与酪氨酸激酶受体(fibroblast growth factor receptor,FGFR)1和4结合发挥其生物学活性。研究发现,人FGF6几乎都积聚在肌源性细胞系中,参与肌源性细胞系的增殖及分化,在肌肉修复和再生过程中起重要作用,同时它还是一个重要的调节骨生成和骨重建的因子;FGF6在心脏中也有表达,进一步试验结果表明其具有促进心肌细胞增殖及保护心肌细胞凋亡的作用;在成体睾丸和乳腺癌中也检测到有FGF6的转录物,表明其在肿瘤发生发展中的作用。目前,FGF6在多种疾病中的功能和相关机制仍有待进一步研究和确认,但其所具备的生物学活性尤其是在肌肉再生方面具有重要的意义和巨大的应用潜力。     

成纤维细胞生长因子8(FGF8)研究进展

成纤维细胞生长因子8(fibroblast growth factor 8,FGF8)是成纤维细胞生长因子(FGFs)家族的成员之一。其在人胚胎时期多种组织内进行表达,对各种器官的形成中起着重要的作用。在正常成人体内,FGF8的表达水平受到严格的限制,然而在某些癌细胞或炎症部位中大量表达,特别是在激素类癌症的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。因此应用FGF8抗体治疗激素类癌症,为临床提供了新的治疗途径。     

生长因子Progranulin的结合受体和生物学功能

生长因子颗粒素蛋白前体（progranulin, PGRN）广泛存在于动物和植物组织中.研究证明,哺乳动物的PGRN是一个多功能分子,在组织/器官发育、细胞分化、肿瘤发生发展、炎症应答以及神经退行性疾病中均具有重要的作用.PGRN发挥生物学功能需要和多种结合蛋白相互结合,例如sortilin、Toll样受体9（TLR9）、肿瘤坏死因子受体（TNFR）及分泌性淋巴细胞蛋白酶抑制因子（SLPI）等. 本文将对PGRN的结合受体和生物学功能进行综述.     

Schwannoma-Derived Growth Factor Interacts with the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Abstract: Schwannoma-derived growth factor (SDGF) is a potent mitogen and neuronal differentiation factor. Because of its relationship to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the heregulins, it was asked if SDGF interacts with the EGF receptor or HER2/neu. SDGF binds to and causes the phosphorylation on tyrosine of the EGF receptor but not HER2/neu.     

靶向下调FOXM1 基因表达对乳腺癌MDA-MB-231 细胞增殖的影响

目的：探讨靶向抑制FOXM1 对乳腺癌细胞增殖能力的影响,为乳腺癌的个性化靶向治疗提供理论依据。方法：利用重组真 核转录载体pSilencer1.0-U6-FOXM1-shRNA,脂质体法转染乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231,下调其FOXM1基因表达。采用四甲基 偶氮唑盐(MTT) 比色法、平板克隆形成实验观察细胞增值曲线以及克隆形成能力;采用实时定量- 聚合酶链反应(Real-time qPCR)、蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）分别检测FOXM1 基因在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达变化。结果：重组载体pSilencer1. 0-U6-FOXM1-shRNA转染MDA-MB-231细胞后,与对照组相比,增殖速率明显下降（P<0.05）,平板克隆形成显著减少（P<0.05）, 重组载体转染后显著抑制MDA-MB-231 细胞中FOXM1 基因在mRNA、蛋白水平的表达。结论：沉默FOXM1 基因对乳腺癌细胞 株MDA-MB-231 生长具有抑制作用,为阐明乳腺癌发病机制提供了新的切入点,也为临床抑制肿瘤生长提供了新的作用靶点。     

The Process of Adaptation to Environmental Conditions in a Child's Behavior

The present study cannot be considered complete. The results presented below are only the first stage in a study of the problem. We must point out that the crux of this study lies not only with the results, both obtained and anticipated, but also with the actual procedure of the investigation, so special attention is therefore devoted to it.