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1.
Cupressus chenggiana S. Y. Hu (Cupressaceae) is an endemic and endangered conifer species in southwest China. In order to study the population
genetics and design the effective conservation methods, we aimed to develop microsatellite primers for this species in the
present study. We developed eight new microsatellite loci for this species through biotin capture method. Polymorphism of
each locus was further assessed in 18 individuals from three geographically distant populations. The number of alleles per
locus ranged from 6 to 11 with an average of 8.13. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.219 to 0.296 and
from 0.374 to 0.470, with averages of 0.254 and 0.417, respectively. We further found that three of nine microsatellite loci
developed previously for another congeneric species showed polymorphic banding patters. We performed primer-crossing tests
of these loci in the other two congeneric species which are closely related to C. chenggiana (C. gigantea and C. duclouxiana). These microsatellite markers would be effective for analyzing genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this
species and its morphological differentiation with the close relatives. 相似文献
2.
Dong-Yuan Zhang Na Chen Yan-Zhuo Yang Qian Zhang Jian-Quan Liu 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(2):475-477
Rhubarb is an important Traditional Chinese Medicine. However, the wild resource has been declining. In order to design appropriate
conservation methods for the official species across their natural distributions, it is important to characterize their genetic
diversity. Here, we describe the development of 10 new microsatellite loci for AC/TG/CCA in Rheum tanguticum. The microsatellites were enriched using the combined biotin capture method. The polymorphism of each locus was further assessed
in 12 individuals from four geographically distinct populations of this species. The number of alleles ranged from three to
seven and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.53 to 0.73. All markers have been checked in the other three species in
the genus and two of them together comprise the official medicinal rhubarb resource with R. tanguticum. These microsatellite markers could provide a useful tool for genetic and conservation studies of the rhubarb species. 相似文献
3.
4.
We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers for an endangered shrub Ammopiptanthus mongolicus using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats protocol. Polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 24
individuals from five natural populations of A. mongolicus. The average allele number of these markers was 4.2, ranging from 2 to 7. The observed (H
O) and expected (H
E) heterozygosities were 0.044–0.956 and 0.044–0.827, respectively. Further assessment in the congeneric species A. nanus revealed that nine of eleven loci were successfully amplified, but only two loci showed polymorphism. These markers provide
powerful tools for the conservation genetics studies of A. mongolicus. 相似文献
5.
Genetiana crassicaulis is one of famous Chinese medicinal plant. The over-collection for its root has caused its dramatic reduction. In order to
devise adequate conservation and management strategies for this species, it is important to characterize its genetic diversity
and understand its population structure. Here, 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers have been developed. AC/TG microsatellite
was enriched by combining biotin capture method. Polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 30 individuals from six populations.
The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 9 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.32 to 0.78. 相似文献
6.
Suk Young Oh Chun Hua Wu Elena Popova Eun Joo Hahn Kee Yoeup Paek 《Journal of Plant Biology》2009,52(4):348-354
We tested desiccation and/or vitrification procedures to cryopreserve the adventitious roots of Panax ginseng, the source of commercially produced ginsenosides. When only desiccation was applied, the post-freeze survival of 3- to 4-mm
root tips was <14% regardless of the composition of the preculture medium or the explant origin. Callus formation was frequently
observed after cryopreservation. In contrast, 90% survival and 32.5% root formation efficiency were achieved after cryopreservation
when a vitrification protocol was followed. Adventitious root cultures in flasks and bioreactors were reestablished from root
tips cryopreserved by vitrification. A prolonged lag-phase and lower biomass production were recorded in post-freeze-regenerated
cultures compared with control roots that were subcultured four times in flasks. However, biomass accumulations did not differ
between control and regenerated roots at the end of the sixth subculturing period. After 40 days of culture in bioreactors,
a mean value of 12.5 g dw L−1 was recorded for post-freeze-regenerated cultures versus 9.1 g dw L−1 for the control roots. Production of triol and diol ginsenosides in our bioreactor cultures also was enhanced after cryopreservation,
by 41.0% and 89.8%, respectively. These results suggest that the vitrification method is successful for cryopreservation of
P. ginseng adventitious roots. 相似文献
7.
Marta Dubreuil Federico Sebastiani Maria Mayol Santiago C. González-Martínez Miquel Riba Giovanni G. Vendramin 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(6):1665-1668
Seven polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers for Taxus baccata L. (English yew) were developed using an enriched-library method. An additional polymorphic SSR was obtained by testing eight
primer pairs from the congeneric species Taxus sumatrana. Mendelian inheritance for the seven Taxus baccata SSRs was proved by genotyping 17 individuals and 124 megagametophytes (conifer seed haploid tissue). A total of 96 individuals
from 5 different populations (10–26 samples per population) were used to estimate genetic diversity parameters. High levels
of genetic diversity, with values ranging from 0.533 to 0.929 (6–28 alleles per SSR) were found. No linkage disequilibrium
between pairs of loci was detected. All loci but one showed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Excess
of homozygosity was probably due to high inbreeding in English yew populations, an outcome of low effective population size
and/or fragmented distribution. Highly polymorphic SSRs will be used to conduct population genetic studies at different geographical
scales and to monitor gene flow. 相似文献
8.
Two oligosaccharides, a heptasaccharide (HS) and an octasaccharide (OS), isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, stimulated the growth and saponin accumulation of Panax ginseng hairy roots at 5–30 mg l−1. HS and OS at 30 mg l−1, fed separately to hairy root cultures at 10 days post-inoculation, increased the root biomass dry weight by more than 70%
to ∼20 g l−1 from 13 g l−1 and the total saponin content of roots by more than 1-fold to ∼3.5% from 1.6% (w/w). The results suggest that the two oligosaccharides
may have plant growth-regulatory activity in plant tissue cultures. 相似文献
9.
Konstantin V. Kiselev Anna V. Turlenko Galina K. Tchernoded Yuri N. Zhuravlev 《Plant cell reports》2009,28(8):1273-1278
It has been shown previously that the rolC gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens gene was stably and highly expressed in 15-year-old Panax ginseng transgenic cell cultures. In the present report, we analyze in detail the nucleotide composition of the rolC and nptII (neomycin phosphotransferase) genes, which is the selective marker used for transgenic cell cultures of P.
ginseng. It has been established that the nucleotide sequences of the rolC and nptII genes underwent mutagenesis during cultivation. Particularly, 1–4 nucleotide substitutions were found per sequence in the
540 and 798 bp segments of the complete rolC and nptII genes, respectively. Approximately half of these nucleotide substitutions caused changes in the structure of the predicted
gene product. In addition, we attempted to determine the rate of accumulation of these changes by comparison of DNA extracted
from P.
ginseng cell cultures from 1995 to 2007. It was observed that the frequency of nucleotide substitutions for the rolC and nptII genes in 1995 was 1.21 ± 0.02 per 1,000 nucleotides analyzed, while in 2007, the nucleotide substitutions significantly increased
(1.37 ± 0.07 per 1,000 nucleotides analyzed). Analyzing the nucleotide substitutions, we found that substitution to G or to
C nucleotides significantly increased (in 1.9 times) in the rolC and nptII genes compared with P.
ginseng
actin gene. Finally, the level of nucleotide substitutions in the rolC gene was 1.1-fold higher when compared with the nptII gene. Thus, for the first time, we have experimentally demonstrated the level of nucleotide substitutions in transferred
genes in transgenic plant cell cultures. 相似文献
10.
Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis occurs mainly in the arid regions of northwest China. The wood stands of this subspecies play an important role in maintaining
the local ecosystems in these regions. In addition, the genetic characteristics are essential to understand the historical
range changes of this subspecies and its morphological differentiation with other subspecies. In this study, we developed
nine microsatellite loci for this subspecies for the first time. We used the combining biotin capture method to enrich AG/CT/AC/GT/CG/GTG/CCA
microsatellites. Twenty-six microsatellites were isolated from the enriching library and nine of them were found to be polymorphic
through screening 12 distantly distributed individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to twelve and expected
heterozygosity from 0.2659 to 0.4767, respectively. We further performed cross-priming tests in another subspecies and two
congeneric species. These firstly isolated loci will provide a useful tool to investigate the genetic structure of this subspecies
and its morphological differentiation from the other subspecies. 相似文献
11.
Na Chen Yan-Zhuo Yang Xiao-li Yang Xing-xu Zhang Chun-jie Li 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(4):961-963
Microsatellites are often highly variable and abundant in most complex genomes, therefore are widely used in population genetic
studies. In this study, twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the Achnatherum inebrians, a plant abundant in grasslands of Northwest China. Characterization of 24 A. inebrians individuals form four geographically distant populations (Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces) showed moderate
to high allelic diversity ranging from 3 to 13 alleles per locus, and the expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.41 to 0.67.
No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found for any locus pairwise comparisons. The markers described here will be useful
for investigating the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow of this species.
Na Chen and Yan-Zhuo Yang contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
12.
The flagfish (Jordanella floridae) is commonly used in studies of wetlands ecology. Here we describe the isolation of ten microsatellite loci, six of which
were polymorphic. The observed number of alleles ranged from 4 to 24 and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.59 to 0.81
for the polymorphic loci. The isolation of these markers will enable estimations of genetic diversity in natural populations. 相似文献
13.
Achnatherum sibiricum is a threaten and toxic perennial bunchgrass mainly in the north of China. We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci
from A. sibiricum by combining biotin capture method. After validating and scoring, these loci were polymorphic in a test population with the
range of alleles from four to 13 per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.1649 to 0.5624 and from
0.3071 to 0.8826, respectively. All 11 microsatellite markers were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These polymorphic microsatellites
will be useful for genetic diversity analysis and population structure construction for A. sibiricum. 相似文献
14.
Nine polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized for Handeliodendron bodinieri, an endangered tree endemic to karst forest in southwest China. Each locus displayed between 4 and 11 alleles. The observed
heterozygosity ranged from 0.345 to 0.931 and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.414 to 0.824. The combined probabilities
of paternity exclusion over all loci were 0.931 for P
r(Ex1) and 0.993 for P
r(Ex2), respectively. These loci represent a powerful tool in investigating gene flow and population structure in natural populations
of H. bodinieri. 相似文献
15.
Polyethylene glycol and abscisic acid improve maturation and regeneration of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Panax ginseng</Emphasis> somatic embryos 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Embryogenic culture was initiated from mature zygotic embryos of Panax ginseng. Multiple somatic embryos formed and proliferated on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.26 M) and kinetin (0.046 M). Mature as well as immature somatic embryos grew into plantlets lacking roots on the same media. Histomorphological analysis of somatic embryos treated with abscisic acid (ABA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) showed a slight improvement in the root meristem organization of torpedo-stage embryos (embryos were more compact and their cells exhibited a lower degree of vacuolation). Shoot regeneration of non-treated somatic embryos was 31% while that for somatic embryos treated with PEG 4000 and ABA was 70%. Moreover, 75% of plants regenerated from PEG- and ABA-treated embryos formed roots while plants from non-treated embryos did not form roots.Abbreviations
ABA
(±)-Abscisic acid
-
BAP
N
6-Benzyladenine
-
2,4-D
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
-
GA
3
Gibberellic acid
-
Kin
Kinetin
-
MS
Murashige and Skoog medium
-
PEG 4000
Polyethylene glycol 4000
-
PGR
Plant growth regulators
Communicated by H. van Onckelen 相似文献
16.
Jung-Ro Lee Gi-Yun Hong Anupam Dixit Jong-Wook Chung Kyung-Ho Ma Jae-Hak Lee Hee-Kyoung Kang Yang-Hee Cho Jae-Gyun Gwag Yong-Jin Park 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(1):243-246
The present study reports isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Amaranthus hypochondriacus. A total of 92 alleles were detected across the 20 accessions, with an average of 7.7 alleles per locus. The observed (H
O
) and expected (H
E
) heterozygosity values ranged from 0 to 0.95 and from 0.49 to 0.92, respectively. At significance threshold (P < 0.05), nine loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), whereas significant linkage disequilibria (LD) were observed
between five pairs of loci. The 12 loci were successfully amplified in 18 other amaranth species representing cultivated grain
and vegetable species, their putative progenitors and wild species. These results demonstrate wide potential applicability
of these markers for the study of intra- and inter-specific genetic diversity as well as evolutionary relationships among
cultivated and wild amaranths. 相似文献
17.
Microsatellite-containing regions were isolated and characterized in Przewalskia tangutica Maxim (Solanaceae), an endemic and endangered species to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China. An enrichment protocol yielded
200 positive clones. We designed primers to amplify 29 unique microsatellites, 12 of which amplified cleanly and were polymorphic.
A survey of 17 individuals showed that these loci are highly variable with the number of alleles ranging from 3 to 12, and
expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.2929 to 0.4947. Those markers will be useful for studies of population structure and
intraspecific variation in P. tangutica. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
Ioná S. Araújo Aline C. Intorne Messias G. Pereira Uilson V. Lopes Gonçalo A. de Souza Filho 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2007,20(1):73-81
The cacao plant, Theobroma cacao L., produces white seeds (beans) that form the major ingredient of processed chocolate. A great deal of research effort has
been expended to the development of new genetically modified cacao plants with improved productivity and resistance and beans
of good industrial quality. The availability of suitable genetic markers is an important aspect of the efficient selection
and breeding of this perennial species. We describe the development of 123 microsatellite loci of cacao. An optimized protocol
was used to construct and screen a microsatellite-enriched genomic library from which we isolated 64 di-nucleotide, 45 tri-nucleotide
and 14 tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci. The primers were tested on samples from five different T. cacao accessions, one accession from T. grandiflorum and one accession from Herranea sp. Among the 123 loci, 54 were polymorphic, 61 were monomorphic and eight did not present an amplification product. These new
markers will be useful in future studies by increasing the accuracy of genotypic assessments in diverse cocoa tree populations
as well as in other species of the Theobroma genus. 相似文献