Gramella jeungdoensis sp. nov., isolated from a solar saltern in Korea

A non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, yellow pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, strain HMD3159^T, was isolated from a solar saltern in Korea. The major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 (26.3%), iso-C_17:0 3OH (12.1%), iso-C_16:0 (12.0%), summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c; 11.0%) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or 10-methyl C_16:0; 10.0%). The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 40.9 mol%. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMD3159^T formed a lineage within the genus Gramella and closely related to Gramella gaetbulicola (95.5% sequence similarity), Gramella portivictoriae (94.9%), Gramella echinicola (94.6%), and Gramella marina (93.6%). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMD3159^T represents a novel species of the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella jeungdoensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is HMD3159^T (=KCTC 32123^T =CECT 7683^T).     

Natronomonas gomsonensis sp. nov., isolated from a solar saltern

A halophilic archaeal strain, SA3^T, was isolated from sediment of a solar saltern in Gomso Bay, Republic of Korea. Cells of strain SA3^T were observed to be coccoid-shaped, to lyse in distilled water, Gram stain-negative and to form red-pigmented colonies. Strain SA3^T was found to require at least 18 % (w/v) NaCl for growth. Optimal growth was observed at 24 % (w/v) NaCl and 6 % (w/v) MgCl₂. The optimum pH and temperature for growth were determined to be pH 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively, while the strain was found to grow within pH and temperature ranges of 5.5–8.0 and 20–45 °C, respectively. The polar lipids were determined to consist of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, unidentified phosphoglycolipids and unidentified phospholipids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SA3^T was most closely related to the members of the genus Natronomonas, Natronomonas moolapensis JCM 14361^T (95.2 %) and Natronomonas pharaonis JCM 8858^T (95.1 %). The genomic DNA G+C content (61.8 mol%) determined for strain SA3^T was slightly lower than those of N. moolapensis JCM 14361^T (63.4 mol%) and N. pharaonis JCM 8858^T (64.3 mol%). DNA–DNA hybridization values between N. moolapensis JCM 14361^T and N. pharaonis JCM 8858^T and strain SA3^T were <20 %. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, we describe a new species of the genus Natronomonas, represented by strain SA3^T (=JCM 17867^T = KCTC 4088^T), for which we propose the name Natronomonas gomsonensis sp. nov.     

Haloarchaeobius litoreus sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern

Two extremely halophilic archaeal strains GX1^T and GX60 were isolated from the Gangxi marine solar saltern, China. Cells from the two strains were observed to be rod-shaped and stained Gram-negative, with red-pigmented colonies. Strains GX1^T and GX60 were found to be able to grow at 25–50 °C (optimum 37 °C), at 1.4–4.8 M NaCl (optimum 2.6 M), at pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum pH 7.0) and neither strain required Mg²⁺ for growth. The cells lysed in distilled water and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell-lysis was found to be 8 % (w/v). The major polar lipids of the two strains were identified as phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate and three glycolipids chromatographically identical to those of Haloarchaeobius iranensis IBRC-M 10013^T. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that each strain had two dissimilar 16S rRNA genes and both strains were phylogenetically related to Hab. iranensis IBRC-M 10013^T (94.9–98.9 % nucleotide identity). The rpoB′ gene similarity between strains GX1^T and GX60, and between these strains and Hab. iranensis IBRC-M 10013^T were found to be 99.6, 96.0 and 95.8 %, respectively. The DNA G + C content of strain GX1^T and GX60 were determined to be 67.7 and 67.8 mol %, respectively. The DNA–DNA hybridization value of strains GX1^T and GX60 was 86 % and the two strains showed low DNA–DNA relatedness with Hab. iranensis IBRC-M 10013^T (38 and 32 %). It was concluded that strain GX1^T (= CGMCC 1.10390^T = JCM 17114^T) and strain GX60 (= CGMCC 1.10389 = JCM 17120) represent a new species of Haloarchaeobius, for which the name Haloarchaeobius litoreus sp. nov. is proposed.     

Halorubrum salinum sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern

The halophilic archaeal strain GX71^T was isolated from the Gangxi marine solar saltern near the Weihai city of Shandong Province, China. Cells of the strain were pleomorphic and lysed in distilled water, stained Gram-negative and formed red-pigmented colonies. Strain GX71^T was able to grow at 25–45 °C (optimum 30 °C), in the presence of 1.7–4.8 M NaCl (optimum 2.6 M NaCl), with 0.005–0.7 M MgCl₂ (optimum 0.05 M MgCl₂) and at pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). Cells lysed in distilled water and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell lysis was 10 % (w/v). The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, one major glycolipid chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-3) and an unidentified lipid was also detected. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain GX71^T showed 94.0–97.0 % similarity to members of the genus Halorubrum of the family Halobacteriaceae. The rpoB′ gene sequence of strain GX71^T was 87.3–93.4 % similarity to current members of the genus Halorubrum. The DNA G+C content of GX71^T was 67.1 mol%. Strain GX71^T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness with Halorubrum lipolyticum CGMCC 1.5332^T, Halorubrum saccharovorum CGMCC 1.2147^T, Halorubrum kocurii CGMCC 1.7018^T and Halorubrum arcis CGMCC 1.5343^T, the most closely related members of the genus Halorubrum. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain GX71^T represents a novel species of the genus Halorubrum, for which the name Halorubrum salinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GX71^T (= CGMCC 1.10458^T = JCM 17093^T).     

Halobacterium rubrum sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern

Halophilic archaeal strain TGN-42-S1^T was isolated from the Tanggu marine solar saltern, China. Cells from strain TGN-42-S1^T were observed to be pleomorphic rods, stained Gram-negative, and formed red-pigmented colonies on solid media. Strain TGN-42-S1^T was found to be able to grow at 20–50 °C (optimum 35–37 °C), at 1.7–4.8 M NaCl (optimum 3.1 M), at 0–1.0 M MgCl₂ (optimum 0.1 M), and at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). The cells lysed in distilled water, and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell-lysis was found to be 10 % (w/v). The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether (TGD-1), sulfated galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-TGD-1), sulfated galactosyl mannosyl galactofuranosyl glucosyl diether (S-TeGD), and three unidentified glycolipids which were chromatographically identical to those of the Halobacterium species. The 16S rRNA gene and rpoB′ gene of strain TGN-42-S1^T were phylogenetically related to the corresponding genes of Halobacterium jilantaiense CGMCC 1.5337^T (98.8 and 93.5 % nucleotide identity, respectively), Halobacterium salinarum CGMCC 1.1958^T (98.4 and 91.9 %), and Halobacterium noricense JCM 15102^T (96.9 and 91.1 %). The DNA G + C content of strain TGN-42-S1^T was determined to be 69.2 mol %. Strain TGN-42-S1^T showed low DNA–DNA relatedness with Hbt. jilantaiense CGMCC 1.5337^T and Hbt. salinarum CGMCC 1.1958^T, the most closely related members of the genus Halobacterium. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic properties suggested that strain TGN-42-S1^T (=CGMCC 1.12575^T =JCM 19908^T) represents a new species of Halobacterium, for which the name Halobacterium rubrum sp. nov. is proposed.     

海滨盐薄片菌——分离自海洋盐田的一个嗜盐古菌新种

【目的】研究分离自我国华南地区阳江盐田的一株嗜盐古菌菌株YJ-41^T,探究其分类学地位。【方法】运用多相分类学方法即通过表型和遗传型特征鉴定,研究菌株YJ-41^T 的分类学地位。【结果】菌株YJ-41^T 的细胞为杆状、革兰氏染色阴性、菌落呈红色。菌株YJ-41^T 的生长温度范围20–50 ℃ (最适为37 ℃)、NaCl 浓度范围2.1–4.8 mol/L (最适为3.1 mol/L)、MgCl₂浓度范围0–1.0 mol/L (最适为0.05 mol/L)、pH 范围5.0–9.0 (最适为pH 7.0)。细胞在蒸馏水中会裂解,维持细胞形态的最低NaCl 浓度为10% (质量体积比)。菌株YJ-41^T 的极性脂为磷脂酸(Phosphatidic acid,PA)、磷脂酰甘油(Phosphatidyl glycerol,PG)、磷脂酰甘油磷酸甲基酯(Phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate methyl ester,PGP-Me)、磷脂酰甘油硫酸酯(Phosphatidylglycerol sulphate,PGS)和8 种糖脂;其中3 种糖脂为硫酸甘露糖苷葡萄糖二醚(Sulfated mannosylglucosyl diether,S-DGD-1)、半乳糖苷甘露糖苷葡萄糖二醚(Galactosyl mannosy glucosyl diether,TGD-1)和甘露糖苷葡萄糖二醚(Mannosyl glucosyl diether,DGD-1),其余为未知糖脂。菌株YJ-41^T 的16S rRNA 基因和rpoB''基因与盐薄片菌属(Halolamina)的成员相关基因相似性分别为97.5%–98.4%和93.1%–94.4%。菌株YJ-41^T 的G+C mol%为61.4 mol%。【结论】表型、化学分类和系统发育的特性表明,菌株YJ-41^T (=CGMCC 1.12859^T=JCM 30237^T)代表Halolamina 属的一个新种,建议命名为海滨盐薄片菌(Halolamina litorea)。     

Streptomyces boncukensis sp. nov., isolated from saltern soil

Archives of Microbiology - A novel Gram-stain positive, aerobic, non-motile Actinobacterium, designated strain SB3404T, was isolated from saltern soil collected from Boncuk Saltern,...     

Halorubellus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Halorubellus litoreus sp. nov., novel halophilic archaea isolated from a marine solar saltern

Two extremely halophilic archaeal strains GX3(T) and GX26(T) were isolated from the Gangxi marine solar saltern near the Weihai city of Shandong Province, China. Cells from the two strains were pleomorphic and stained Gram-negative, colonies were red-pigmented. Strains GX3(T) and GX26(T) were able to grow at 25-50 °C (optimum 37 °C), at 1.4-5.1M NaCl (optimum 3.1M), at pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum pH 7.0) and neither strain required Mg(2+) for growth. Cells lyse in distilled water and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell-lysis was 8% (w/v). The major polar lipids of the two strains were PA (phosphatidic acid), PG (phosphatidylglycerol), PGP-Me (phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester) and three major glycolipids (GL1, GL2 & GL3) chromatographically identical to S-TGD-1 (sulfated galactosyl mannosy glucosyl diether), S-DGD-1 (sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether), and DGD-1 (mannosyl glucosyl diether) respectively, an unidentified lipid (GL4) was also detected in strain GX26(T). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) formed a distinct clade with the closest relative, Haladaptatus paucihalophilus (89.9-92.4% and 90.4-92.7, respectively). The rpoB' gene similarities between strains GX3(T) and GX26(T), and between the two strains and the closest relative, Halorussus rarus TBN4(T) are 96.5%, 84.3% and 83.9%, respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) are 67.3 mol% and 67.2 mol%, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) was 44%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain GX3(T) and strain GX26(T) represent two novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, Halorubellus salinus gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain GX3(T)=CGMCC 1.10384(T)=JCM 17115(T)) and Halorubellus litoreus sp. nov. (type strain GX26(T)=CGMCC 1.10386(T)=JCM 17117(T)).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pontibacter salisaro</Emphasis> sp. nov., Isolated from a clay tablet solar saltern in Korea

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, and red-pigmented bacterial strain, HMC5104^T, was isolated from a solar saltern, found in Jeungdo, Republic of Korea (34°59′47″N 126°10′02″E). The major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (comprising iso-C_17:1 I and/or anteiso-C_17:1 B; 37.2%), iso-C_15:0 (20.4%), and iso-C_17.0 30H (15.3%). The DNA G+C content was 46.0 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMC5104^T formed a lineage within the genus Pontibacter, and was closely related to Pontibacter korlensis (95.9%), P. roseus (94.9%), and P. actiniarum (94.3%). Similarities to all other Pontibacter species were between 95.9–93.9%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMC5104^T represents a novel species of the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter salisaro sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HMC5104^T (=KCTC 22712^T = NBRC 105731^T).     

Halorussus rarus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Halobacteriaceae isolated from a marine solar saltern

Two halophilic archaeal strains TBN4^T and TBN5 were isolated from Taibei marine solar saltern in Jiangsu, China. Both strains showed light red-pigmented colonies and their cells were rod, motile and Gram-stain-negative. They were able to grow at 25–50°C (optimum 37°C), at 1.4–4.3 M NaCl (optimum 2.1 M NaCl), at 0–1.0 M MgCl₂ (optimum 0.005 M MgCl₂) and at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0). Their cells lyse in distilled water and minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell lysis is 8% (w/v). The major polar lipids of the two strains were PG (phosphatidylglycerol), PGP-Me (phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester), PGS (phosphatidylglycerol sulfate) and five glycolipids chromatographically identical to S-TGD-1 (sulfated galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether), S-DGD-1 (sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether), TGD-1 (galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether), DGD-1 (mannosyl glucosyl diether) and DGD-2 (an unknown diglycosyl diether). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TBN4^T and strain TBN5 formed a distinct clade with genus Haladaptatus (showing 90.0–90.9% 16S rRNA gene similarities). The DNA G + C content of strain TBN4^T and strain TBN5 are 66.1 and 65.4 mol%, respectively. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain TBN4^T and strain TBN5 was 94.3%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strain TBN4^T and strain TBN5 represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Halorussus rarus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TBN4^T (=CGMCC 1.10122^T = JCM 16429^T).     

Halobellus ruber sp. nov., a deep red-pigmented extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a Korean solar saltern

A novel halophilic archaeon, strain MBLA0160^T, was isolated from a solar saltern in Sorae, Republic of Korea. The cells are deep-red pigmented, Gram-negative, rod shaped, motile, and lysed in distilled water. The strain MBLA0160^T grew at 25–45 °C (optimum 37 °C), in 15–30% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 20%) and 0.1–1.0 M MgCl₂ (optimum 0.3–0.5 M) at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum 7.0). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence showed that this strain was related to two species within the genus Halobellus (Hbs.), with 98.4% and 95.8% similarity to Hbs. salinus CSW2.24.4 ^T and Hbs. clavatus TNN18^T, respectively. The major polar lipids of the strain MBLA160^T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. The genome size, G?+?C content, and N50 value of MBLA0160^T were 3.49 Mb, 66.5 mol%, and 620,127 bp, respectively. According to predicted functional proteins of strain MBLA0160^T, the highest category was amino acid transport and metabolism. Genome rapid annotation showed that amino acid and derivatives was the most subsystem feature counts. Pan-genomic analysis showed that strain MBLA0160^T had 97 annotated unique KEGG, which were mainly included metabolism and environmental information processing. Ortholog average nucleotide identities (OrthoANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between the strain MBLA0160^T and other strains of the genus Halobellus were under 84,4% and 28.1%, respectively. The genome of strain MBLA0160^T also contain the biosynthetic gene cluster for C₅₀ carotenoid as secondary metabolite. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic properties, and comparative genomic analyses, strain MBLA0160^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Halobellus, for which the name Halobellus ruber sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MBLA0160^T (=?KCTC 4291 ^T?=?JCM 34172 ^T).

     

Echinicola salinicaeni sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from saltern mud

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A novel gram-negative, aerobic, pink, motile, gliding, rod-shaped bacterium, designated P51T, was isolated from saline silt samples in Yantai, China. It was able to grow...     

Marinilabilia nitratireducens sp. nov., a lipolytic bacterium of the family Marinilabiliaceae isolated from marine solar saltern

A Gram-negative, rod shaped, motile bacterium, was isolated from a marine solar saltern sample collected from Kakinada, India. Strain AK2^T was determined to be positive for nitrate reduction, catalase, Ala-Phe-Pro-arylamidase, β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase and phosphatase activities, hydrolysis of aesculin, Tween 20/40/60/80 and urea. It was determined to be negative for oxidase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activities and could not hydrolyze agar, casein, gelatin and starch. The predominant fatty acids were identified as iso-C_15:0 (28.2 %), anteiso-C_15:0 (23.2 %), iso-C_13:0 (19.9 %) and iso-C_15:0 3-OH (13.9 %). Strain AK2^T was found to contain menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7) as the sole respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids as polar lipids. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated the strain AK2^T as a member of the genus Marinilabilia and is closely related to Marinilabilia salmonicolor with pair-wise sequence similarity of 98.2 %. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that the strain AK2^T clustered with M. salmonicolor. However, DNA–DNA hybridization with M. salmonicolor JCM 21150^T showed a relatedness of 48 ± 0.5 % with respect to strain AK2^T. The DNA G+C content of the strain was determined to be 40.2 mol%. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, it is proposed that the strain AK2^T represents a novel species of the genus Marinilabilia, for which the name Marinilabilia nitratireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. nitratireducens sp. nov. is AK2^T (= MTCC 11402^T = JCM 17679^T).