Hymenobacter properus sp. nov., Hymenobacter ruricola sp. nov., and Hymenobacter jeongseonensis sp. nov., three new species isolated from mountain and beach soil in South Korea

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, circular, convex, red-colored and rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated BT439T, BT662T and BT683T were obtained from soil collected...     

Arcobacter molluscorum sp. nov., a new species isolated from shellfish

Nineteen bacteria isolates recovered from shellfish samples (mussels and oysters) showed a new and specific 16S rDNA-RFLP pattern with an Arcobacter identification method designed to recognize all species described up to 2008. These results suggested that they could belong to a new species. ERIC-PCR revealed that the 19 isolates belonged to 3 different strains. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of a representative strain (F98-3^T) showed 97.6% similarity with the closest species Arcobacter marinus followed by Arcobacter halophilus (95.6%) and Arcobacter mytili (94.7%). The phylogenetic analysis with the16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes placed the shellfish strains within the same cluster as the three species mentioned (also isolated from saline habitats) but they formed an independent phylogenetic line. The DDH results between strain F98-3^T and A. marinus (54.8% ± 1.05), confirmed that it represents a new species. Several biochemical tests differentiated the shellfish isolates from all other Arcobacter species. Although the new species was different from A. mytili, they shared not only the same habitat (mussels) but also the characteristic of being so far the only Arcobacter species that are simultaneously negative for urea and indoxyl acetate hydrolysis. All results supported the classification of the shellfish strains as a new species, for which the name Arcobacter molluscorum sp. nov. with the type strain F98-3^T is proposed (=CECT 7696^T = LMG 25693^T).     

Arcobacter bivalviorum sp. nov. and Arcobacter venerupis sp. nov., new species isolated from shellfish

A group of ten Arcobacter isolates (Gram negative, slightly curved motile rods, oxidase positive) was recovered from mussels (nine) and from clams (one). These isolates could not be assigned to any known species using the molecular identification methods specific for this genus (16S rDNA-RFLP and m-PCR). The aim of this study is to establish the taxonomic position of these isolates. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of mussel strain F4(T) to the type strains of all other Arcobacter species ranged from 91.1% to 94.8%. The species most similar to the clams' strain F67-11(T) were Arcobacter defluvii (CECT 7697(T), 97.1%) and Arcobacter ellisii (CECT 7837(T), 97.0%). On the basis of phylogenetic analyses with 16S rRNA, rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 genes, the mussel and clam strains formed two different, new lineages within the genus Arcobacter. These data, together with their different phenotypic characteristics and MALDI-TOF mass spectra, revealed that these strains represent two new species, for which the names Arcobacter bivalviorum (type strain F4(T)=CECT 7835(T)=LMG 26154(T)) and Arcobacter venerupis (type strain F67-11(T)=CECT 7836(T)=LMG 26156(T)) are proposed.     

Pontibacter jeungdoensis sp. nov., isolated from a solar saltern in Korea

A Gram-staining-negative, rod-shaped and red-pigmented bacterial strain, HMD3125^T, was isolated from a solar saltern in Jeungdo, Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMD3125^T formed a lineage within the genus Pontibacter and was similar to Pontibacter salisaro (96.1%) and P. korlensis (95.3%). The major fatty acids of strain HMD3125^T were summed feature 4 (comprising iso-C_17:1 I and/or anteiso-C_17:1 B; 30.4%), iso-C_15:0 (20.4%) and iso-C_17:0 3OH (17.2%). The polar lipid profile of HMD3125^T consisted of the phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified polar lipids, unidentified phospholipid, unidentified aminolipid and unidentified aminophospholipid. Strain HMD3125^T contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The DNA G+C content of strain HMD3125^T was 45.6 mol%. Strain HMD3125^T assigned as a novel species in the genus Pontibacter, for which the name Pontibacter jeungdoensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HMD3125^T (=KCTC 23156^T =CECT 7710^T).     

Adhaeribacter soli sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from soil in Korea

Archives of Microbiology - Strain MA2T was isolated from a soil sample from Gijang-gun, Busan in Korea. The strain, a Gram-stain-negative aerobic bacterium, is non-motile, ovoid- or rod-shaped,...     

Hydrogenophaga temperata sp. nov., a betaproteobacterium isolated from compost in Korea

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and motile bacterial strain TR7-01(T) was isolated from a compost soil in South Korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TR7-01(T) belonged to the genus Hydrogenophaga within the class Betaproteobacteria. Strain TR7-01(T) exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 95.0-98.3% to members of the genus Hydrogenophaga: Hydrogenophaga bisanensis DSM12412(T) (98.3%), Hydrogenophaga flava DSM 619(T) (97.1%), Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava ATCC 33668(T) (96.8%), Hydrogenophaga intermedia S1(T) (96.4%), Hydrogenophaga atypica BSB 41.8(T) (95.8%), Hydrogenophaga defluvii BSB 9.5(T) (95.7%), Hydrogenophaga palleronii CCUG 20334(T) (95.6%), Hydrogenophaga caeni EMB71(T) (95.4%) and Hydrogenophaga taeniospiralis ATCC 49743(T) (95.0%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain TR7-01(T) possesses ubiquinone Q-8, the G+C content was 69.9 mol%, and the predominant fatty acids were 16 : 1 ω7c/15 : 0 iso 2OH, 18 : 1 ω7c/ω9t/ω12t and C(16:0), all of which corroborated our assignment of the strain to the genus Hydrogenophaga. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain TR7-01(T) represents a distinct species. Based on these data, TR7-01(T) (= KCTC 12203(T) = DSM 18117(T)) should be classified as a novel Hydrogenophaga species, for which the name Hydrogenophaga temperata sp. nov. has been proposed.     

Gramella jeungdoensis sp. nov., isolated from a solar saltern in Korea

A non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, yellow pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium, strain HMD3159^T, was isolated from a solar saltern in Korea. The major fatty acids were iso-C_15:0 (26.3%), iso-C_17:0 3OH (12.1%), iso-C_16:0 (12.0%), summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c; 11.0%) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1 ω9c and/or 10-methyl C_16:0; 10.0%). The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 40.9 mol%. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HMD3159^T formed a lineage within the genus Gramella and closely related to Gramella gaetbulicola (95.5% sequence similarity), Gramella portivictoriae (94.9%), Gramella echinicola (94.6%), and Gramella marina (93.6%). On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain HMD3159^T represents a novel species of the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella jeungdoensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is HMD3159^T (=KCTC 32123^T =CECT 7683^T).     

Pantoea punctata sp. nov., Pantoea citrea sp. nov., and Pantoea terrea sp. nov. isolated from fruit and soil samples.

A total of 37 bacterial strains with the general characteristics of the family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from fruit and soil samples in Japan as producers of 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid from D-glucose. These organisms were phenotypically most closely related to the genus Pantoea (F. Gavini, J. Mergaert, A. Beji, C. Mielearek, D. Izard, K. Kersters, and J. De Ley, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39:337-345, 1989) and were divided into three phenotypic groups. We selected nine representative strains from the three groups for an examination of DNA relatedness, as determined by the S1 nuclease method at 60 degrees C. Strain SHS 2003T (T = type strain) exhibited 30 to 41 and 28 to 33% DNA relatedness to the strains belonging to the strain SHS 2006T group (strains SHS 2004, SHS 2005, SHS 2006T, and SHS 2007) and to the strains belonging to the strain SHS 2008T group (strains SHS 2008T, SHS 2009, SHS 2010, and SHS 2011), respectively. Strain SHS 2006T exhibited 38 to 46% DNA relatedness to the strains belonging to the strain SHS 2008T group. The levels of DNA relatedness within the strain SHS 2006T group and within the strain SHS 2008T group were more than 85 and 71%, respectively. Strain SHS 2003T, SHS 2006T, and SHS 2008T DNAs exhibited less than 18% binding to Pantoea dispersa ATCC 14589T and Pantoea agglomerans ATCC 27155T DNAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Fellomyces horovitziae sp. nov., a new basidiomycetous yeast species isolated from aXenasmatella basidiocarp

A new species of the genusFellomyces, F. horovitziae, was isolated from aXenasmatella basidiocarp. It differs from other accepted species in its carbon assimilation pattern, mol% G+C and low DNA-DNA homology. The delimiting characters are discussed and a key to the genus is provided.     

Leucobacter chromiireducens sp. nov, and Leucobacter aridicollis sp. nov., two new species isolated from a chromium contaminated environment

Two strains designated strains L-1^T and L-9^T were isolated from activated sludge of a treatment plant that receives wastewater from the tannery industry contaminated with chromium. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the organisms represented two new species of the genus Leucobacter. Strains L-1^T and L-9^T could be distinguished from the type strain of L. komagatae and from the type strain of “L. albus” by the B-type peptidoglycan composition, fatty acid composition, several phenotypic and physiological characteristics. The major fatty acids of the organisms were iso- and anteiso-branched C15:0 and C17:0, straight-chain C16:0 was also found in relatively high proportions. The organisms were halotolerant, grew in medium containing 9% NaCl, and all strains, including the type strain of L. komagatae grew in medium containing 5 mM Cr(VI). On the basis of the distinct peptidoglycan composition, 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, percentage of DNA-DNA reassociation values, and phenotypic characteristics we are of the opinion that strain L-1^T represents a new species of the genus Leucobacter for which we propose the name Leucobacter chromiireducens and that strain L-9^T represents an additional new species of the same genus for which we propose the name Leucobacter aridicollis.     

Lysobacter ginsengisoli sp. nov., a novel species isolated from soil in Pocheon Province, South Korea

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, nonspore-forming bacterial strain, designated Gsoil 357T, was isolated from soil sample of a ginseng field in Pocheon Province (South Korea). The isolate contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and iso-C16:0, iso-C17:1 9c, and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.3mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Gsoil 357T was most closely related to Lysobacter gummosus (97.6%) and Lysobacter antibioticus (97.6%). However, the DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain Gsoil 357T and its phylogenetically closest neighbors was less than 17%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 357T should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 357T (=KCTC 12602T=DSM 18420T).     

Candida easanensis sp. nov., Candida pattaniensis sp. nov. and Candida nakhonratchasimensis sp. nov., three new species of yeasts isolated from insect frass in Thailand

Six strains of anamorphic yeasts isolated from insect frass collected in several regions of Thailand were assigned to the genus Candida based on the conventional taxonomic criteria used for yeast classification. These strains have Q-7 as the major ubiquinone and are suggested to have close relationships to the genus Pichia. Three strains, ST-225, ST-228 and ST-229, have identical nucleotide sequences in the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA and are closely related to Pichia japonica, but differ by six nucleotides (1.1% ) from this species. These three strains are considered to represent a single new species, which is described as Candida easanensis sp. nov. Two strains, ST-311 and ST-320, have identical sequences in the D1/D2 domain and resemble Pichia veronae and Pichia fabianii but differ from them by nine nucleotides (1.6%) in D1/D2 sequences. The two strains are described as Candida pattaniensis sp. nov. The remaining strain, ST-37, is related to Pichia americana and Pichia bimundalis but differs by six(1.1%) and seven (1.2%) nucleotides from these species, respectively. This strain is described as Candida nakhonratchasimensis sp. nov.     

Dimorphic cycle in Candida citri sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from rotting fruit in Borneo

Five dimorphic yeast strains were isolated from rotting lime fruits in Borneo. The sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the 26S rRNA genes, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) chromosomal regions and the 18S rRNA genes were identical in the isolates and differed from the corresponding sequences of all known yeast species. Based on the sequence differences (12-15% in the D1/D2 domain) from the closest relatives and the different pattern of taxonomic traits, the new isolates are assigned the status of a new species, for which the name Candida citri sp. nov. is proposed. Its type strain is 11-469(T) , which has been deposited in Centralbureau voor Schimmelcultures (Utrecht, the Netherlands) as CBS 11858(T) , Culture Collection of Yeasts (Bratislava, Slovakia) as CCY 29-181-1(T) and the National Collection of Agricultural and Industrial Microorganisms (Budapest, Hungary) as NCAIM Y.01978(T) . MycoBank number: MB 519100. The GenBank accession numbers for nucleotide sequences of its D1/D2 domain, ITS and 18S regions are HM803241, HM803242 and HM803243, respectively. Candida citri produces invasive mycelium composed of true septate hyphae that grow towards nutrient-rich parts of the medium and develop large vacuoles at the nongrowing ends of their cells. The hyphae produce blastoconidia, which can establish satellite yeast colonies in the invaded solid substrate.     

Antarctobacter jejuensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater in Jeju,Korea

A novel bacterium, designated strain 13-2-B6^T, was isolated from seawater adjacent to Songak Mountain on Jeju Island, South Korea. The novel strain was observed to be Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and motile with a single polar flagellum. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain 13-2-B6^T was determined to be phylogenetically closely related to the type strain of Antarctobacter heliothermus, currently the sole species of the genus Antarctobacter (family Rhodobacteraceae). Sequence similarity between the 16S rRNA genes of strain 13-2-B6^T and A. heliothermus EL-219^T is 96.9 %. Strain 13-2-B6^T was found to grow optimally at 25–30 °C, pH 7.0–8.0 and 3 % (w/v) NaCl. The predominant isoprenoid quinone in strain 13-2-B6^T was identified as ubiquinone Q-10 and the major fatty acids were identified as C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids, two unknown phospholipids, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown lipid were found to be components of the polar lipid profile. The G + C content of strain 13-2-B6^T was determined to be 62 mol %. On the basis of its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 13-2-B6^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Antarctobacter, for which the name Antarctobacter jejuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-2-B6^T (=KCTC 42009^T =JCM 19898^T).     

Mycobacterium valentiae sp. nov., a new species of the genus Mycobacterium isolated from soil

One strain of rapidly growing scotochromogenic mycobacteria was isolated. This study comprises 101 biochemical, cultural and morphological characteristics and reports the behavior towards several concentrations of the most commonly used antituberculous drugs. The organism is considered to belong to a new species of the genus Mycobacterium and has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Maryland, USA (ATCC 29356) and in the Czechoslovak Collection of Microorganisms, Czechoslovak National Collection of Type Cultures, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Srobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10 under the My 220/77.     

Dongia rigui sp. nov., isolated from freshwater of a large wetland in Korea

A motile, curved to twisted rod-shaped aerobic bacterium, designated strain 04SU4-P^T, was isolated from freshwater collected from the Woopo wetland (Republic of Korea). Cells were observed to be Gram-stain negative, catalase negative and oxidase positive. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total) were identified as C_19:0 ω8c cyclo (24.6 %), C_16:0 (24.3 %) and C_18:1 ω7c (13.1 %). The DNA G+C content was determined to be 71.5 mol%. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown phospholipid and one unknown aminolipid. The major ubiquinone was determined to be Q-10. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 04SU4-P^T forms an evolutionary lineage within the genus Dongia and its nearest neighbour is Dongia mobilis LM22^T (98.0 % sequence similarity). Genomic DNA–DNA hybridization of stain 04SU4-P^T with D. mobilis LM22^T showed relatedness of only 34.2 %. The phenotypic characteristics indicate the strain 04SU4-P^T can be distinguished from the sole member of the genus Dongia. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain 04SU4-P^T represents a novel species, for which the name Dongia rigui is proposed. The type strain is 04SU4-P^T (KCTC 23341^T = JCM 17521^T).