西藏南木林中新世植物群

本文研究了乌龙组的植物化石共16种,分属于12属、10科。根据植物化石组合认为乌龙组可明显地分成上、下两个组合,将乌龙组分为上、下两段。上段以Carpinus wulongensis(sp.nov.)和Betula parutilis(sp.nov.)占优势;下段以Quercus,Rhododendron 和Thermopsis等的代表为主。根据植物群的面貌讨论了其生长环境的特点,乌龙组上、下段的地质时代可能分别属中新世中、晚期和中新世晚期。     

南海北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷WZ6-X井晚始新世—早中新世孢粉组合及其古环境

对南海北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷WZ6-X井1 460～3 600 m井段80块样品进行了孢粉分析,除少数井段样品外,多数样品孢粉化石均较丰富。共鉴定孢粉80属85种,另见疑源类及沟鞭藻等孢型化石。根据孢粉特征分子和优势属种的分布规律,结合疑源类和藻类的分布特征,将1 460～3 600 m井段划分为4个孢粉组合:1 460～1 490 m为Polypodiaceaesporites-Polypodiisporites usmensis组合,地层时代为早中新世,本组合含较丰富的沟鞭藻化石,指示了滨浅海沉积环境;1 670～2 180 m划分为Quercoidites-Tricolporopollenites-Cupuliferoipollenites组合,时代为晚渐新世,疑源类和盘星藻Pediastrum含量高,揭示沉积环境为沼泽;2 210～3 090 m为Pinuspollenites-Magnastriatites hawardtii组合,时代为早渐新世,含丰富的Pediastrum,指示了湖泊和沼泽环境;3 130～3 600 m为Taxodiaceaepollenites-Alnipollenites-Granodiscus-Leiosphaeridia组合,时代为晚始新世,疑源类丰富,主要为湖泊沉积。     

南海西沙群岛西科1井早中新世—第四纪生物礁地层中钙质超微化石的发现及其意义

西科1井0.10—1267.80m岩芯中钙质超微化石丰度低,属种比较单调。分析831个样品,仅在48个样品中发现钙质超微化石,共鉴定10属17种及1个未定种,主要化石种为Calcidiscus leptoporus,C.macintyrei,Coccolithus pelagicus,Cyclicargolithus floridanus,Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica,G.oceanica,Helicosphaera carteri,H.euphratis,Pontosphaera multipora,Pseudoemiliania lacunosa,Reticulofenestra minuta,R.minutula,Sphenolithus abies,S.moriformis和S.neoabies等。根据钙质超微化石生物事件及组合特征,结合有孔虫和大型底栖钙藻等研究结果,对西科1井0.10—1267.80m地层进行了划分,大致可划分为5段:1)0.10—212.20m地层属于第四系NN21—NN19带;2)214.29—328.69m归属于更新统NN18带至上新统;3)330.97—598.12m属于上新统NN15带至上中新统;4)599.53—1231.62m归属于中中新统至下中新统;5)1233.62—1267.80m为下中新统。由于化石丰度和分异度均较低,未建立完整的钙质超微化石带序列。根据钙质超微化石标志种及组合特征,确定研究井段的地层时代为早中新世至第四纪。西科1井生物礁地层中钙质超微化石的发现,对该井生物地层的划分起到了十分关键的作用。     

甘肃东乡几种早中新世哺乳动物化石

本文记述了在甘肃东乡椒子沟发现的几种早中新世哺乳动物化石:Gomphotherium sp、Dzungariotheriura orgosense、Rhinocerotidae gen. indet.和Paraentelodon macrognathus sp. nov.,着重讨论了全北区猪齿兽类的系统关系。根据化石的性质判断,东乡椒子沟化石点的地质时代应与欧洲Burdigalian早期,亦即MN_3相当或稍早。笔者将原定为上新世临夏组的第一、二岩性段划出,命名为椒子沟组,其时代为早中新世。     

南海北部珠江口盆地深水区LW5井晚渐新世——早中新世孢粉组合

本文对南海北部珠江口盆地深水区LW5井3 070—3 480m井段81个孢粉样品进行了分析,共鉴定86个孢粉属种类型;另有沟鞭藻和有孔虫内膜。根据孢粉和藻类化石组合面貌、丰度变化和特征分子的分布规律,将研究井段地层划分为2个孢粉组合:3 070—3 325m井段为Polypodiaceaesporites-Dinocysts组合,层位相当于珠江组,时代为早中新世。本组合含丰富的沟鞭藻和微有孔虫,孢粉以Graminidites,Zonocostatites和Chenopodipollis等为主,沉积环境为滨浅海,气温较高,指示了湿润的热带、亚热带古气候;3 330—3 470m井段为AlnipollenitesPinuspollenites组合,与珠海组层位相当,地层时代为晚渐新世。本组合沟鞭藻和微有孔虫少量出现,孢粉含丰富的Pinuspollenites和Abietineaepollenites,出现较多的Cedripites等,反映海陆交互的古环境,显示了气温低的亚热带古气候。     

新疆准噶尔盆地东部覆盖区锅底坑组的发现及其化石证据

本文对准噶尔盆地东部CS-1井1 082—1 126m井段10块样品中所含孢粉和大孢子化石进行了比较系统的分析研究,共获得孢粉化石68属114种,以及少量大孢子化石,并建立Limatulasporites fossulatus-Klausipollenites schaubergeri孢粉组合,组合以Limatulasporites fossulatus和Kraeuselisporites spinullous比较发育,并见有Klausipollenites schaubergeri,Lundbladispora和Welwitschipollenites clarus等为主要特征。根据孢粉组合特征和大孢子化石的分布规律,详细讨论了含化石井段地层的时代及层位,认为该段地层的时代为晚二叠世晚期至早三叠世早期,层位为锅底坑组。     

南海西沙群岛西科1井上新世有孔虫及沉积环境研究

南海西沙群岛西科1井上新世有孔虫较发育,其中浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides spp.,Orbulina universa,Globorotalia menardii和Globorotalia sp.等较丰富;Dentoglobigerina altispira,Globigerinoides quadrilobatus和Gs.trilobus等丰度较低。底栖有孔虫以大型底栖类占绝对优势,其中Amphistegina lessonii,Amphistegina madagascariensis和A.radiata等含量较高;Calcarina hispida,Cycloclypeus pillaria,Operculina bartschi和Operculina sp.等较常见;Amphistegina sp.,Anomalinoides globulosus,Cycloclypeus carpenteri,Cycloclypeus sp.,Heterostegina(Vlerkina) sp.,Homotrema sp.,Marginopora vertebralis和Planorbulinella larvata等稀少出现。小底栖类型出现少量小粟虫类和串珠虫类。根据有孔虫丰度、分异度、浮游有孔虫与底栖有孔虫比例以及环境指示类型的丰度变化,结合珊瑚、钙藻和钙质超微等化石分布特征,对上新世沉积环境演化规律进行了研究,可分为3个演化阶段:374.95～304.25 m为礁前斜坡,303.14～288.91 m为礁顶,287.47～231.86 m为礁前斜坡。通过对结壳状有孔虫形态的分析,探讨了此类有孔虫在生物礁建造中的作用。     

塔里木盆地西部西克尔兰多维列统珊瑚动物群北大核心CSCD

提要描述的珊瑚化石采自塔里木盆地西部伽师县西克尔地区,含珊瑚的地层是兰多维列统的柯坪塔格组。柯坪塔格组是目前塔里木盆地唯一有珊瑚的志留纪地层,西克尔又是塔里木盆地仅知有柯坪塔格组珊瑚动物群的地区,对我国志留纪古生物地理区系研究有重要意义。文内描述的柯坪塔格组珊瑚动物群包含床板珊瑚2属3种,日射珊瑚1属2种和皱纹珊瑚1属1种,属种名单是Paleofavosites schmidti Sokolov,P.schmidti borealis Sokolov,Schedohalysites raregonopora sp.nov.,Mcleodea jiashiensis sp.nov.,M.xikeerensis sp.nov.和Kodonophyllum cf.undulatun He and Huang。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷贝27井早白垩世孢粉组合及其地质意义

内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟地区海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷贝27井早白垩世孢粉植物群自下而上划分为3个孢粉组合:克鲁克孢(Klukisporites sp.)-原始松柏粉(Protoconiferus sp.)-双束松粉(Pinuspollenites sp.)组合,分布于南屯组二段;小桫椤孢(Cyathidites minor)-多云云杉粉(Piceaepollenites multigrumus)-单束松粉(Abietineaepollenites sp.)组合,分布于大磨拐河组一段;无突肋纹孢(Cicatricosisporites sp.)-卵形光面单缝孢(Laevigatosporites ovatus)\|破隙杉粉(Taxodiaceaepollenites hiatus)组合,分布于大磨拐河组二段。上述孢粉组合证明,贝27井南屯组地质时代为早白垩世Berriasian—Valanginian期;大磨拐河组地质时代应该为早中白垩世(Valanginian—Hauterivian)期,尽管未见到最原始的被子植物花粉(如Clavatipollenites和Asteropollis等),但具有一定百分含量的Triporoletes reticulatus(0-4.76%)出现,也不排除部分进入Barremian期的可能。贝27井南屯组二段沉积时期植被主要由针叶林构成,属于湿润的温带气候。大磨拐河组一段沉积时期植被主要由针叶林\|草丛构成,属于湿润的北亚热带气候。大磨拐河组二段沉积时期植被类型以针阔叶混交林\|草丛为主,属于湿润的北亚热带气候。     

南海北部琼东南盆地崖北凹陷Y-8-X井晚渐新世—更新世钙质超微化石

对南海北部琼东南盆地崖北凹陷Y-8-X井1 338.1～3 086.1 m井段内的110块样品进行了钙质超微化石分析,发现上部1 338.1～2 075.7 m地层含较丰富的钙质超微化石,而下部2 091.0～3 086.1 m井段化石丰度低或未见。根据钙质超微化石标志种的存在,识别出NN17带、NN15带、NN11带、NN6带、NN4带和NP25带等6个钙质超微化石末现面事件,由此对该井的生物地层进行了划分,认为研究井段的地层时代为晚渐新世—更新世,推测本井缺失了部分中新统沉积。依据钙质超微化石总丰度、分异度及特征性环境指示属或种的丰度变化,探讨了1 338.1～3086.1 m井段的沉积环境演化过程,可分为6个演化阶段。从晚渐新世至更新世,经历了海水由浅变深再变浅的过程,其中早中新世早期水深最浅,中中新世—早上新世水体温暖且水深最大。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.