关于申报中国古生物学会第5届"尹赞勋地层古生物学奖"的通知

在中国古生物学会的领导下,“尹赞勋地层古生物学奖”的评奖工作已进行了4次,表彰了一批在古生物学、地层学及相关领域的研究、教学和野外等工作中作出突出贡献的科技工作者。近年来,我国的古生物学、地层学工作取得了许多重大成果,有些成果在国际古生物界引起了强烈反响,涌现了一大批在古生物学、地层学工作中作出突出成绩的科技工作者。为此,中国古生物学会将于2005年4月在第9届全国会员代表大会期间进行第5届“尹赞勋地层古生物学奖”的评选和表彰活动。     

大西洋岩岸地层古生物考察

正地层学是地球科学的一个分支,它在世界范围内拥有数量庞大的研究者和应用者以及大量具体实践,在科学、技术、经济和环境领域变得日益重要。国际古生物学大会已经开过3届,第四届也将于2014年在阿根廷召开。作为古生物学姊妹学科的地层学还没有自己的国际大会似乎有些说不过去,于是,第一届国际地层学大会于2013年7月3日至5日在葡萄牙首都里斯本召开,开启了地层学研究的一个新篇章。     

《Palaeoworld》杂志成为SCI刊物

<正>中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所现代古生物学与地层学国家重点实验室学术刊物《Palaeoworld》是中国古生物学和地层学研究面向世界的重要窗口,自2006年开始由世界著名出版社Elsevier出版。经过多年的不懈努力,从2013年起《Palaeoworld》正式成为SCI刊物,被Web of Science Core Collection数据库收录(SCI-Expanded)。《Palaeoworld》主要发表以中国及其周边地区为主的古生物学、地层学及其相关学科的研究成果。面向广大地球科学工作者以及对演化生物学、历史地质学等感兴趣的专家和学生。发表文章主要包括以下领域:     

古生物学和地层学研究的定量化趋势——GBDB数字化科研平台的建设及其意义

自上世纪八十年代末以来,基于数据库和各种定量分析方法的古生物学、地层学、古地理学、古生态学研究逐渐成为当今国际地学研究的前沿和热点.中国的古生物学和地层学数字化科研平台的建设,最早的设计思路始于2001年,于2003年进行了首次尝试,并于2007年整合了多种相关数据资源,正式启动了GeoBiodiversity dat...     

《古生物学报》征稿简则北大核心CSCD

本刊是古生物学及其相关的生物地层学综合性学术刊物,主要刊载古生物学及其相关学科原创性研究论文、学科动态、学术讨论、论著评述以及新技术、新方法的应用等。为进一步提高《古生物学报》的学术质量,特作如下稿约。     

《古生物学报》征稿简则北大核心CSCD

本刊是古生物学及其相关的生物地层学综合性学术刊物，主要刊载古生物学及其相关学科原创性研究论文、学科动态、学术讨论、论著评述以及新技术、新方法的应用等。为进一步提高《古生物学报》的学术质量，特作如下稿约。     

《古生物学报》征稿简则北大核心CSCD

本刊是古生物学及其相关的生物地层学综合性学术刊物,主要刊载古生物学及其相关学科原创性研究论文、学科动态、学术讨论、论著评述以及新技术、新方法的应用等。为进一步提高《古生物学报》的学术质量,特作如下稿约。     

《古生物学报》征稿简则北大核心CSCD

本刊是古生物学及其相关的生物地层学综合性学术刊物,主要刊载古生物学及其相关学科原创性研究论文、学科动态、学术讨论、论著评述以及新技术、新方法的应用等。为进一步提高《古生物学报》的学术质量,特作如下稿约。     

《古生物学报》征稿简则北大核心CSCD

本刊是古生物学及其相关的生物地层学综合性学术刊物,主要刊载古生物学及其相关学科原创性研究论文、学科动态、学术讨论、论著评述以及新技术、新方法的应用等。为进一步提高《古生物学报》的学术质量,特作如下稿约。     

《古生物学报》征稿简则北大核心CSCD

本刊是古生物学及其相关的生物地层学综合性学术刊物,主要刊载古生物学及其相关学科原创性研究论文、学科动态、学术讨论、论著评述以及新技术、新方法的应用等。为进一步提高《古生物学报》的学术质量,特作如下稿约。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.