降胆固醇活性花生多肽制备工艺的研究

以冷榨花生粕为原料,酶解制备具有降胆固醇活性的花生多肽。以体外结合胆酸盐的能力为指标,考察了酶的种类、温度、pH值、加酶量、酶解时间等因素对花生多肽降胆固醇活性的影响,确定最优蛋白酶为木瓜蛋白酶,通过正交试验的方法,确定了酶解花生粕制备降胆固醇活性花生多肽的最佳工艺条件为：温度50℃、pH 7.0、加酶量4 000 U/g底物、酶解时间4 h。     

常见4种微生态制剂菌种产淀粉酶的比较

目的 探索常见4种微生态制剂菌种地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌和纳豆芽胞杆菌产生淀粉酶的能力,以筛选和研制动物微生态制剂和饲料添加剂的使用菌种。方法 将各菌种接于淀粉酶试验培养基,培养后滴加稀碘溶液,观察透明圈,判定产酶能力。结果 地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌和纳豆芽胞杆菌都能产生淀粉酶,以蜡样芽胞杆菌产生的淀粉酶较多。结论 4种常见芽胞杆菌产淀粉酶能力依次为：蜡样芽胞杆菌＞纳豆芽胞杆菌＞枯草芽胞杆菌＞地衣芽胞杆菌。     

魔芋粉酶解产物与低聚果糖对双歧杆菌的促生长作用比较研究

由枯草芽胞杆菌以摩芋粉为底物经发酵培养获得的β-甘露聚糖酶酶活力达10U／ml,用该酶液水解魔芋粉制备含有低聚糖的魔芋粉酶解产物。在无碳源的GAM基础培养基中,添加不同量的魔芋粉酶解产物对双歧杆菌具有明显的促生长作用,其促生长作用与低聚果糖相当,均以2％的浓度增殖效果最明显,与不加低聚糖的对照组相比,活菌数可以提高几倍到十几倍。     

大豆小肽促进益生菌增殖作用的研究

本实验复合蛋白酶酶解处理豆粕制备大豆小肽,酶解产物经SephadexG-25凝胶过滤层析,并对其各组分分子量分布及其促进益生菌发酵作用进行了研究,结果显示,大豆蛋白酶解物经SephadexG-25分离后得到了六个肽片段,分子量大部分在1 000 D以下,体外单细菌培养方法测定了大豆小肽对动物肠道常见益生菌的4个菌株（包括粪链球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、酵母菌）增殖的影响,结果表明SBP（Soybeanpeptides）能促进这4株细菌的增殖。添加大豆小肽后益生菌Q68与致病菌混合培养实验中,40 h内可以彻底清除金黄色葡萄球菌,48 h内可以完全消灭大肠埃希菌,大豆肽可以促进有益菌的增殖,抑制有害菌的生长。     

芽胞杆菌B13解养分效果研究

目的评价芽胞杆菌B13的功能。方法通过培养基及土壤培养分析其解钾、解磷的效果。结果芽胞杆菌B13培养7d后液体培养基中的有效磷含量（0．94μg／mL）比对照组（0．75μg/mL）增加25．33％,有效钾含量（0．54μg/mL）比对照组（0．31μg／mL）增加74．19％,解磷和解钾差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。芽胞杆菌B13添加在灭菌土壤和不灭菌土壤中都具有明显的解磷、解钾功效,说明芽胞杆菌B13有较好的土壤定植能力。平板解磷试验证明芽胞杆菌B13同时具有解无机磷和有机磷的功效。结论芽胞杆菌B13具有很大的研究与开发价值。     

枯草芽胞杆菌基因组删减对异源酶表达影响的研究进展

枯草芽胞杆菌作为一种遗传背景清晰、基因编辑成熟的革兰氏阳性菌,是多种重要工业酶的生产宿主。随着转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组等多组学测序和分析技术的发展,通过合理设计简化枯草芽胞杆菌基因组,减少细胞内冗余的调控和代谢网络,使得细胞更精简且便于控制,展现出了枯草芽胞杆菌作为异源酶表达宿主细胞的应用潜力。本文简要综述了枯草芽胞杆菌基因组删减的研究进展,归纳了必需基因的确定方法,重点介绍了枯草芽胞杆菌通过删减基因组提升异源酶表达的研究进展及删减策略,充分展示了枯草芽胞杆菌基因组删减在构建异源酶表达底盘细胞中的重要作用。     

学生食堂餐厨垃圾中淀粉的生物利用菌株筛选

目的探索地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌分解大学生食堂厨余中淀粉的能力,以筛选和研制餐厨垃圾生物降解的使用菌种。方法将各菌种接于淀粉酶试验培养基,培养后滴加碘溶液,观察透明圈,判定产淀粉酶能力;收集大学生食堂的厨余,观察三种细菌在不同接种量（5%、10%、15%、20%、25%）、不同接种时间（24 h、48 h、72 h）及不同菌株配伍方式下发酵淀粉的能力。结果地衣芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌都能产生淀粉酶,以地衣芽胞杆菌产生的淀粉酶较多,其次为枯草芽胞杆菌,蜡样芽胞杆菌较少,三种细菌分解厨余中淀粉的最佳接种量都为15%-20%,最佳发酵时间为48 h,枯草芽胞杆菌和地衣芽胞杆菌各7.5%的接种量混合配伍发酵效果最佳。结论可采用枯草芽胞杆菌和地衣芽胞杆菌各7.5%的接种量混合配伍发酵学生食堂的厨余中的淀粉。     

枯草芽胞杆菌活菌制剂促进烧伤创面愈合的实验研究

目的　探讨枯草芽胞杆菌活菌制剂对烧伤创面愈合的影响。方法　通过大鼠深Ⅱ°烧伤模型,使用枯草芽胞杆菌活菌制剂,观察烧伤创面愈合过程中,成纤维细胞增殖周期的变化,以及测定羟脯氨酸（OHP）的含量,同时记录烧伤创面愈合时间,从而评价该制剂对烧伤创面愈合的影响。结果　应用枯草芽胞杆菌活菌制剂可促进成纤维细胞分裂、增殖,胶原含量提高,创面愈合时间明显缩短。结论　枯草芽胞杆菌活菌制剂具有促进烧伤创面愈合的作用。     

小菌虫肠道可培养细菌的分离鉴定 及产消化酶活性分析

摘要：目的 分离小菌虫肠道可培养细菌,并研究其产消化酶活性,探讨肠道细菌对小菌虫消化食物的影响。方法 采用传统细菌分离培养方法分离小菌虫肠道细菌,利用16S rDNA序列进行细菌分子鉴定;利用筛选培养基鉴别各细菌的产蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活性。结果 在小菌虫肠道中分离到4种可培养细菌,分别是枯草芽胞杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、肺炎克雷伯菌（Klebsiella pneumoniae）、Pseudocitrobacter faecalis和芽胞杆菌（Bacillus sp.）。其中,2种芽胞杆菌属细菌有产消化酶活性。枯草芽胞杆菌有产纤维素酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性;芽胞杆菌仅有产蛋白酶活性,但产酶能力低于枯草芽胞杆菌。结论 小菌虫肠道细菌中可培养细菌结构简单,但其中的芽胞杆菌属细菌有产纤维素酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶能力,说明小菌虫肠道中的2种芽胞杆菌属细菌可能有协助小菌虫进行食物消化的功能。     

1株枯草芽胞杆菌的鉴定及其弹性蛋白酶结构研究

鉴定弹性蛋白酶产生菌株EL32,确定该酶的基本结构。采用分子生物学、形态学及生理生化性质对菌株EL32进行鉴定;用硫酸铵沉淀、离子交换层析和分子筛层析纯化酶蛋白;借助肽指纹图谱及酶基因克隆技术研究该酶的一级结构;利用同源建模的方法研究该酶的空间结构。菌株EL32的16S rDNA与枯草芽胞杆菌16S rDNA的同源性达到99%,其菌落呈乳白色,其细胞革兰染色阳性,具有芽胞;发酵葡萄糖试验产酸不产气,明胶水解试验呈阳性,能够水解淀粉,V-P反应呈阳性,鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌。从菌株BL32发酵液中纯化得到了弹性蛋白酶,SDS-PAGE分析显示其分子量为31 ku。用LTQ-MS测定肽指纹图谱表明该弹性蛋白酶是枯草芽胞杆菌蛋白酶subtilisin,该酶的基因和蛋白质序列与枯草芽胞杆菌蛋白酶subtilisin的同源性都高达99%。菌株EL32弹性蛋白酶的三维结构含有6个α-螺旋,7个扭曲的平行β-折叠以及2个反平行的β-折叠,His、Asp和Ser是其活性中心的关键基团。鉴定了1株产弹性蛋白酶的枯草芽胞杆菌,确定了其弹性蛋白酶是蛋白酶subtilisin,为该枯草芽胞杆菌蛋白酶的应用提供了基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.