纤维素酶水解啤酒糟的研究

研究了纤维素酶水解啤酒糟的适宜条件以及底物预处理方法对纤维素转化率和多糖水解率的影响。在适宜条件下,100g干啤酒糟可水解得10．8g还原糖。酶解液用于培养酵母菌提取麦角固醇,残渣是生产含菌体蛋白饲料的原料。     

表面活性剂对绿色木霉产纤维素酶影响

利用绿色木霉,以稻草为唯一碳源,采用液态发酵的方法,分别加入生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和化学表面活性剂Tween 80,重点研究了生物表面活性剂对绿色木霉产纤维素酶的影响。实验分析了加入不同浓度的表面活性剂时滤纸酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶活、微晶纤维素酶活及酶液的表面张力随时间的变化情况。结果表明,添加鼠李糖脂能够促进绿色木霉产酶,分别使滤纸酶活、羧甲基纤维素酶活、微晶纤维素酶活最大提高了1.08倍,1.6倍和1.03倍。与Tween 80相比,鼠李糖脂促进产酶的效果明显优于Tween 80。     

绿色木霉原生质体诱变筛选纤维素酶高产菌株

以绿色木霉F264为出发菌株制备其原生质体,对其进行紫外线诱变处理,筛选出一株纤维素酶高产突变株绿色木霉F-UV264,其滤纸酶活由出发菌株的5.2IU/g干料提高到15.78IU/g干料,产酶能力提高了3倍。经过10代PDA斜面继代培养及发酵试验,表明该菌株是比原菌株更优秀的稳定高产株。     

里氏木霉液体发酵产纤维素酶的研究

在摇瓶试验基础上,采用里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)HC-415菌株进行5L自控罐产纤维素酶深层发酵试验。在通气量为 0.2—0.6vvm、搅拌速度为 400r/min、发酵液pH控制在5.8—6.1的条件下,发酵液的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)酶酶活最高为325.0mg糖/ml,滤纸糖酶(FPA)酶活最高达17.9mg糖/ml。发酵周期为108h。所得冻干纤维素酶粉CMC酶活最高3111IU/g,FPA最高135IU/g ,对发酵液得率平均6.7g/L。酶活总收率CMC酶活平均78.2％,FPA酶活平均73.5％。     

里氏木霉产纤维素酶研究进展

木质纤维素类生物质被认为是重要且可持续的可再生能源,其主要组成部分是纤维素.纤维素酶是一种能将纤维素分解为葡萄糖的复合酶,能有效地降解木质纤维素生物质.真菌、细菌、放线菌、酵母等多种微生物均可以产生纤维素酶,其中里氏木霉具有完整的纤维素酶系结构,常作为生物技术领域中一个重要菌株,广泛应用于纤维素酶的商业生产.介绍了纤维...     

绿色木霉纤维素酶CBHII基因的分子克隆

本文以噬菌体ｌａｍｂｄａ ＥＭＢＬ３ ＤＮＡ为载体,通过克隆绿色木酶（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ｖｉ－ｒｉｄｅ）高分子量基因组ＤＮＡ的部分酶解片段,并将重组分子进行体外包装后侵染Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉ－ｃｈｉａ．ｃｏｌｉＫ８０２,由此构建了绿色木霉基因文库。以李氏木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ ｒｅｅｓｅｉ）纤维素酶ＣＢＨＩＩ基因的末端片段为探针,用轮回噬菌斑原位杂交从文库中筛选出ＣＢＨＩＩ基因的阳性克隆５个     

康宁木霉CP88329纤维素酶产生条件的研究

从生霉棉布上分离出的康宁木霉ＣＰ８８１０５经诱变处理,获得一株高产纤维素酶的突变株ＣＰ８８３２９。在固体培养基上,２８℃培养７２小时,所产纤维素酶固体曲,以羧甲基纤维素钠为底物酶活力为４８８０ｕ／ｇ;以脱脂棉为底物酶活力为４８０ｕ／ｇ。产酶活力水平均为出发菌的３倍。酶在脱脂棉上作用最适条件为ｐＨ４．５－５．０,４５－５０℃;４５℃保温４ｈ,ｐＨ稳定范围为３．５－６．５;６０℃保温１ｈ,酶活力剩余２０％。酶可用于苎麻布抛光处理和牛仔服“石磨”处理。     

高产纤维素酶的木霉菌株筛选及发酵条件优化

纤维素是由β-1,4糖苷键链接而成的葡萄糖单体聚合物,广泛分布于自然界,是一类易获取且廉价的可再生资源。自然界含纤维素材料的利用和处理是目前亟待解决的问题,筛选产纤维素酶的优良菌株并实现纤维素的有效利用具有重要意义。利用纤维素酶降解纤维素是绿色、高效和可持续的利用方式,广泛应用于工业和农业领域(养殖、能源、纺织等)。因此,实现高效低成本的纤维素酶生产成为研究和发展的目标。木霉属真菌是重要的纤维素酶产生菌,具有产酶量大、酶系全和酶活性高等优点,分泌的胞外酶易于工业生产中的分离提纯。本研究以课题组前期积累和保存的25种木霉150个菌株为材料,通过刚果红平板法筛选、滤纸酶活测定和天然纤维素降解等测试,筛选出14株产纤维素酶能力较强的菌株(优于对照菌株里氏木霉QM9414),从中选取3株进行最佳产酶条件探索,如接种量、吐温80添加量、发酵培养基pH值等。初步测试结果表明,贵州木霉菌株8705在20℃条件下、摇瓶发酵9 d、在优化后的发酵培养基中产酶效果最佳,其上清液酶活可达到6.63 IU/mL。通过优化发酵温度、发酵时间和培养基成分配比等发酵条件,为资源利用打下物质基础并提供理论依据。     

里氏木霉与米根霉混合固态发酵产纤维素酶

以里氏木霉及米根霉单菌固态发酵为对象,考察不同混合发酵形式对里氏木霉与米根霉混合固态发酵产纤维素酶的影响。结果表明:同时接种里氏木霉与米根霉,试验考察的两菌种接种量比1∶1(以孢子个数计)及5∶1条件下,两菌未产生明显协同产酶作用。米根霉延时(24 h)接种且菌种量比5∶1以及米根霉延时(48 h)接种且菌种量比1∶1,2种发酵形式产酶情况类似,滤纸酶活(FPA)及羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)酶活相对米根霉单菌发酵有所提高,而β-葡萄糖苷酶(β-GA)酶活相对里氏木霉单菌固态发酵结束时分别增加4.66及4.40倍,可以发现两菌产生一定协同作用。在米根霉延时(48 h)接种且菌种量比5∶1的发酵形式下,FPA及CMCase在发酵第7天酶活分别达到44.04 IU/g、627.14 U/g(以1 g干曲计),分别是里氏木霉固态单菌发酵产酶达到稳定期时酶活的1.36和1.63倍,两菌产生了有效的协同作用。     

纤维素酶的固态发酵及酶学性质的研究

对绿色木霉产纤维素酶的固态发酵条件进行研究,显示其最优产酶条件为:稻草:麸皮=3:2,水分250%,最佳氮源为0.5%(NH4)2SO4,最佳培养时间3天,温度30℃,接种量10%,初始pH6.0～7.0,在此条件下,每克干曲酶活分别高达18.4FPAU/g,56.7CMCU/g。同时对酶解作用条件进行了初步研究,发现pH5.2时对滤纸酶活力最高,pH4.8时对脱脂棉活力最高。降解温度以滤纸55℃,脱脂棉50℃为最佳。实验还发现乙醇对酶的降解有抑制作用。     

pH控制下绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride）流加发酵生产纤维素酶

绿色木霉（Trichodermaviride）在pH控制发酵条件下,采用流加葡萄糖发酵策略,可显著提高综合滤纸酶活力（FPA）和内切酶（endo—β—1,4-glucanase,EG）、外切酶exo—β-1,4-glucanase,CBH）、纤维二糖酶（cellobiase,CB）酶活。在5L发酵罐中采用pH控制和流加葡萄糖工艺,可提高CB酶含量,改变酶组分之间的比例,使得FPA、EG、CB和CBH酶活分别达到50．0U／mL,210．0U／mL,4．0U／mL和2．5U／mL,比摇瓶发酵分别提高了6．7．4．2、19、2．5倍。     

绿色木霉JFY-14产纤维素酶的产酶条件研究

利用实验室现有的纤维素酶高产菌株制备纤维素酶。考察了JFY-14菌株产酶培养过程中pH值、培养时间、氮源等条件的影响。得到了最佳产纤维素酶条件:培养时间为72~75 h,初始pH值为4.5~5.0以及最佳培养氮源为1%的硫酸铵。     

绿色木霉代谢产物的植物毒性研究

通过人工固体培养和液体发酵研究发现绿色木霉的代谢产物对植物的幼苗生长有抑制作用,其代谢产物大量分泌到它所生长的环境中,在不同的营养基质中其代谢产物的抑制作用有差异．     

Enhanced rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma viride grown in solid state fermentation on corn cob residue

Abstract

A process has been disclosed in the present investigation for the production of a formulation of mycopesticide with enhanced shelf life of Trichoderma viride. A comparative evaluation of talc-based and corn cob formulations in the form of seed coat and soil treatment brought to light that the soil treatment significantly enhanced the plant growth performance of pea, green gram and pigeon pea. Among the two formulations, the corn cob formulation proved to be better as the rhizosphere competence of corn cob formulation was superior to that of talc formulation. Our results suggest that corn cob residue is a better substrate owing to high cellulase and spore production. Solid-state fermentation in batch cultures. The biocontrol ability of both formulations was tested against Fusarium in Cajanus species and it was found that the disease incidence was reduced by 86% when the corn cob formulation was given as soil application.     

哈茨木霉T-23产几丁质酶发酵条件的研究

拟通过研究哈茨木霉T-23的产几丁质酶的最适发酵条件,并从中找出合理的发酵条件用于几丁质酶的工业化生产。通过在不同发酵条件下单因素实验培养T-23,分别测定不同培养液中的几丁质酶活性。综合各个试验结果,T-23以2％胶体几丁质为碳源,2％蛋白胨为氮源,在250mL三角瓶中50mL装瓶量,6％接种量,初始pH为5,25℃,180r／min,培养4d时,可使发酵液中的几丁质酶活达到最高。     

培养条件对一株木霉产纤维素酶过程影响的研究

采用固态发酵和连续监测正交实验结果的方法,研究了培养温度、初始pH值、液料比和接种量对一株木霉(Trichodermasp.)发酵过程中微晶纤维素酶活、CMC酶活和滤纸酶活的影响及影响程度。指出液料比在整个发酵过程中是对产酶影响最大的因素,温度在发酵初期影响较大,初始pH和接种量的影响均不显著。总体看来,培养温度、初始pH值、液料比和接种量分别为30℃、4、7和5%是比较合适的。     

添加蜗牛酶对纤维素酶产生菌发酵的影响初探

从上海市郊农村草堆的土壤中分离到一株分解纤维素的菌,经初步鉴定为绿色木霉。该菌最适生长温度为２８℃。在本实验条件下,该菌的产酶高峰在９６ｈ左右;对木薯渣的水解能力最强,滤纸的水解活力（Ｆｉｌｔｅｒ Ｐａｐｅｒ Ａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ,ＦＰＡ）为１０．８ｕ／ｍｌ发酵液。其酶的最适反应温度为５０℃,最适ｐＨ为４．８。用添加蜗牛酶的方法进行绿色木霉菌发酵,结果显示,分泌纤维素酶的能力提高１２％左右。     

Properties of uracil transport by vegetative mycelium of Trichoderma viride

The transport of radioactively labelled uracil into submerged mycelium of T. viride was measured by means of a membrane filtration technique. It was found to be time-dependent (up to 90 min) and concentration-dependent (up to 8 mmol l-1). Its concentration dependence was biphasic and consisted from the saturatable part (at the uracil concentration below 0.2 mmol l-1) with KM = 0.08 +/- 0.02 mmol l-1 and Vmax = 1.74 +/- 0.3 nmol (mg dry wt.)-1 h-1, and from the region at higher uracil concentration which showed only a weak saturatability with the substrate. The transport measured in the saturatable part of the curve was also pH- and temperature-dependent. The optimal pH was between 5.4 and 6.4 and the optimal temperature was at 37 degrees C. The activation energy of 54 kJ mol-1 and the temperature quotient of Q10 = 2.1 could be calculated from the temperature dependence. The entry of uracil was in part inhibited by nucleobases and their analogues, nucleosides, nucleotides and amino acids. The inhibitors had similar inhibitory efficiency about 50% at 0.2 mmol l-1. 3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCS), the uncoupling agent, significantly inhibited the uracil transport, but its inhibitory efficiency decreased upon increasing the uracil concentration. Ionophore antibiotics valinomycin and monensin also inhibited the uracil transport. Inhibitors of RNA-polymerase, rifamycin and rifampicin were without effect. The results suggest that at low uracil concentrations (below 0.2 mmol l-1), its transport is mediated by a carrier and is driven by the electrochemical potential of protons. At higher uracil concentrations, the transport may be driven by the concentration difference of uracil with the contribution of the protonmotive force. It is feasible that inhibitors of uracil transport tested exert their inhibition by the dissipation of the driving force rather than by the direct competition with the substrate-binding site.     

Studies on Biological Control of Postharvest Rot in Yams (Dioscorea spp.) using Trichoderma viride

From in vitro and in vivo screening tests for antagonism by isolates of Trichoderma against postharvest pathogens of yams (Dioscorea spp.), an isolate of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex S.F. Gray was selected as the most promising candidate for the biocontrol of postharvest rot of yams. Inoculation of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) with conidiaspores of T. viride and subsequent storage of the tubers under the ambient environment conditions of a traditional yam barn, resulted in a drastic reduction in the frequency of occurrence of the normal tuber surface mycoflora over a 4‐month (December‐April) storage period. Trichoderma viride on the other hand, maintained a high frequency of occurrence during the same period. Furthermore, whereas up to 52.0%) rot was found among groups of tubers that were artificially inoculated with the postharvest pathogens of yams, Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh., Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. or Penicillium oxalicum Currie and Thom, and also the group that was not inoculated with any organism (control), among groups of tubers that were inoculated with T. viride the rot was either totally suppressed or only a low percentage of rot occurred. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to yam storage especially by farmers with limited resources.