Lipid and lipoprotein profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder characterized by obesity-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The objective of our study was to determine values of key lipid and lipoprotein fractions in PCOS, and their possible relation to insulin resistance. A total of 75 women with PCOS (aged 23.1 +/- 5.1 years, BMI 24.9 +/- 4.7 kg/m(2)), and 56 age- and BMI-matched controls were investigated. In all subjects, basal glucose, cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL), oxidized LDL (OxLDL), triglycerides, apolipoprotein (apo)A1, apoB, and apoE, nonesterified fatty acids, insulin, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, and free androgen index were determined in the follicular phase of the cycle. PCOS patients compared with controls had increased indices of insulin resistance, basal insulin (p < 0.001), and HOMA index (p < 0.001), and worsened insulin resistance-related dyslipidemia with decreased HDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), elevated triglycerides (p = 0.010), and pronounced LDL oxidation (p < 0.001). In conclusion, characteristic dyslipidemia of insulin resistance and unfavorable proatherogenic lipoprotein ratios were present only in women with PCOS and not in controls. Elevated OxLDL and the relation of apoE and nonesterified fatty acids with insulin resistance suggest that women with PCOS are at increased risk for premature atherosclerosis.     

Serum paraoxonase 1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in patients with ulcerative colitis

This study was designed to evaluate the oxidative and antioxidative status in patients with ulcerative colitis by detecting antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase 1 activity together with the level of a well-known marker of oxidative stress, malondialdehyde. Serum paraoxonase 1 activity and malondialdehyde levels were analysed in 30 patients with ulcerative colitis and 30 controls using a spectrophotometric method; correlation analysis was made between these variables. Serum malondialdehyde levels were higher in the ulcerative colitis group (median: 2.5, range: 0.5-9.4 nmol ml(-1)) than among the controls (median:1.1, range: 0.5-2.3 nmol ml(-1); p < 0.001) whereas paraoxonase 1 activities were lower in the ulcerative colitis group (median: 158.4, range: 61.6-264.1 U l(-1)) than in the control group (median: 233.3, range: 114.4-431.0 U l(-1); p < 0.001). There was no correlation between serum malondialdehyde level, paraoxonase 1 activity and disease activity. (1) Increased reactive oxygen metabolites levels in ulcerative colitis may result in a pro-oxidation environment, which in turn could result in decreased antioxidant paraoxonase 1 activity and increased malondialdehyde levels, (2) increased cytokines may be a possible cause of decreased paraoxonase 1 activity and (3) decreased serum paraoxonase 1 activity may be a part of an inflammatory response.     

Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms, paraoxonase/arylesterase activities and oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels in patients with migraine

The vascular endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine. Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) may impair endothelial function. Paraoxonase‐1 (PON‐1) prevents oxidative modification of LDL cholesterol (LDL‐C). So we investigated serum PON‐1 and arylesterase (ARE) activities, PON‐1 55 L/M and 192Q/R polymorphisms and the serum lipid profile in patients with migraine. Biochemical parameters and PON‐1 polymorphism analyses were assessed in 104 patients with migraine and 86 healthy subjects. Ox‐LDL was detected by ELISA, and polymorphisms were determined using PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Patients with migraine had lower PON‐1 and ARE activities (p < 0·001, for both) and higher ox‐LDL and LDL‐C levels (p < 0·001, for both) and ox‐LDL: LDL‐C ratio (p < 0·005) than the controls. The genotype distribution and the allele frequencies for PON‐1 55 L/M and 192Q/R polymorphisms were not different among the study populations. The results of our current study indicate that migrainous patients have decreased serum PON‐1 and ARE activities and increased serum ox‐LDL levels, which may have a clinical importance in the treatment of migraine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Leptin levels increase during flutamide therapy in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

AIM: To evaluate the serum leptin levels and the effects of flutamide treatment on the leptin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: 20 women with PCOS and 20 controls were enrolled in the study. Leptin levels and leptin response to an oral glucose tolerance test were assessed in both groups before and after a 4-week flutamide therapy period. RESULTS: The leptin levels were similar in both groups at baseline. In the PCOS group, leptin levels and area under curve for leptin levels increased significantly after flutamide treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Women with PCOS had similar leptin levels to those of controls with similar age and body mass index. Flutamide treatment led to increased leptin levels and leptin responses to oral glucose tolerance tests in PCOS patients. Further studies are needed to gain insights into the clinical consequences of these effects of flutamide.     

Testosterone levels and cognitive functioning in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and in healthy young women

We investigated the possible influence of testosterone (T) on cognitive functioning in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an endocrine disorder associated with elevated levels of free testosterone (free T). Performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests in 29 women with elevated free T levels due to PCOS was compared to the performance of 22 age- and education-matched, healthy control women with free T levels in the normal female range. Women with PCOS had significantly higher levels of free T (estimated by the free androgen index) and demonstrated significantly worse performance on tests of verbal fluency, verbal memory, manual dexterity, and visuospatial working memory than the healthy control women. No differences between the groups were found on tests of mental rotation, spatial visualization, spatial perception, or perceptual speed. These results suggest that, in women, elevations in free T may be associated with poorer performance on cognitive tasks that tend to show a female advantage.     

The correlation of paraoxonase (PON1) activity with lipid and lipoprotein levels differs with vascular disease status

Paraoxonase (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme. Low PON1 activity predicts vascular disease status and is a more reliable predictor of vascular disease than are functional PON1 genotypes. There is evidence that the relationship of PON1 to vascular disease is, in part, due to its antioxidant activity. However, the physical relationship of PON1 with HDL and the existence of cholesterol pathway regulatory elements at the PON1 locus suggest a further relationship of PON1 with lipoproteins, which may contribute to its role in vascular disease. We investigated the relationship of PON1 activity and genotype to lipid-related traits in 91 Caucasian men with severe carotid artery disease and 184 without vascular disease who were not on lipid-lowering medications. Prior studies of PON1 relationship to lipids have not stratified by disease status.. We found that PON1 activity was correlated with HDL traits in controls and with LDL- and VLDL-related traits in cases. We hypothesize differences in the joint regulation of PON1 and lipoproteins in cases and controls.     

Plasma renin and aldosterone levels in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

ObjetiveTo assess plasma renin and aldosterone levels in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsObese women (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2; group A, n = 34) and non-obese women (BMI < 25 kg/m2; group B, n = 13) with PCOS were selected. The control group (group C, n =47) consisted of age-matched women with regular menses and normal ultrasonographic ovaries. Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, androstenedione, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, serum glucose, insulin, renin, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone levels were measured.ResultsObese and non-obese women with PCOS had higher luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, androstenedione, testosterone, and insulin levels as compared to women in the control group (p < 0.05). Women with PCOS had significantly higher renin levels (group A: 50.2 ± 4.9 picoU/mL, group B: 39.9 ± 2.7 picoU/mL, and group C: 24.6 ± 2.6 picoU/mL), plasma renin activity (group A: 3.7 ± 0.3 ng/mL/h, group B: 3.6 ± 0.3 ng/mL/h, and group C: 2.2 ± 0.4 ng/mL/h), and aldosterone levels (group A: 31.2 ± 3.3 ng/dL, group B: 29.3 ± 2.9 ng/dL, and group C: 22.2 ± 3.9 ng/dL) as compared with controls.ConclusionSignificant differences exist in plasma renin and aldosterone levels between obese and non-obese women as compared with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal controls.     

Plasma paraoxonase-1, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lipid peroxidation levels in gout patients

Gout patients have a high incidence of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Low serum paraoxonase (PON) activity is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The relationships among paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity, oxidative stress parameters, and atherosclerosis in gout is not known. Therefore, we determined the plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), and activities of PON1/superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in 49 gout patients (mean age 44.2 ± 7.0 years) and 42 healthy, age-matched controls (mean age 45.0 ± 9.3 years). PON1 was measured spectrophotometrically, MDA by thiobarbituric acid method, SOD by Griess reaction, and Ox-LDL by sandwich ELISA. Lipid and other biochemical parameters were determined by routine laboratory methods. In gout patients, PON1/SOD activities and MDA/Ox-LDL levels were 131.3 ± 25.3/75.3 ± 28.9 kU l⁻¹ and 6.12 ± 1.67 nmol ml⁻¹/690.1 ± 180.2 μg l⁻¹, respectively. In controls, these were 172.5 ± 27.8/94.0 ± 26.3 kU l⁻¹ and 4.10 ± 1.25 nmol ml⁻¹/452.3 ± 152.1 μg l⁻¹, respectively. Thus, in gout patients, there was a significant decrease in PON1 (P < 0.01) and SOD (P < 0.05) activities, and an increase in MDA (P < 0.01) and Ox-LDL (P < 0.01) levels compared with controls. PON1 activity correlated positively with SOD (P < 0.05), and negatively with MDA (P < 0.01) and Ox-LDL (P < 0.01). These results suggest that gout patients were in a state of oxidative stress and the protective effects of HDL against atherosclerosis maybe dependent on PON1 activity. These findings may explain in part the reported increase in cardiovascular mortality in gout patients.     

多囊卵巢综合征患者阴道微生态变化及其与性激素水平的关系

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者阴道微生态变化及其与性激素水平的关系。方法将2018年7月-2019年7月我院生殖健康与不孕症科收治的132例PCOS患者作为研究组,选择同期在我院进行妇科体检的86例健康女性作为对照组。16S rRNA法和定量PCR反应检测阴道分泌物微生态情况,放射免疫法测定血清中睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、催乳素(PRL)水平,分析微生态变化与性激素水平的关系。结果研究组患者阴道分泌物清洁度Ⅳ度检出率,滴虫、假丝酵母菌及线索细胞阳性检出率,阴道微生态失调率,血清T、LH、E2及PRL水平均高于对照组(P0.05),研究组患者血清FSH、P水平低于对照组(P0.05)。阴道微生态失调患者血清中E2水平高于阴道微生态正常患者,P水平低于阴道微生态正常患者(P0.05)。结论 PCOS患者存在阴道微生态失衡,阴道微生态的变化与血清性激素水平存在相关性,考虑激素水平的变化可能参与阴道微生态失调的发生。     

Characterization and quantification of serum lipoprotein subfractions by capillary isotachophoresis: relationships with lipid, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein levels.

Human serum lipoproteins are currently defined according to their density as well as according to their electrophoretic mobility. They can be fractionated into discrete subspecies which exhibit variations in their structure and function. Capillary electrophoresis has been suggested to be a potential analytical strategy in understanding metabolic lipoprotein heterogeneity. In a sample of 35 normolipidemic subjects, we analyzed ceramide-labeled serum lipoproteins by capillary isotachophoresis linked to laser-induced fluorescent detection. Capillary isotachophoresis showed advantage to be an automated, rapid (6 min) and reproducible (CV < 7%) separation mode, on-line monitoring lipoprotein subfractions according to net charge. HDL were separated into three subfractions: i) the fast migrating HDL correlated positively with serum apoA-I (P < 0.05) and negatively with triglyceride (P < 0.01) concentrations, ii) the intermediate migrating HDL involved in HDL-cholesterol delivery and inversely related to LDL particles concentration (P < 0.001), and iii) the slow migrating prebeta(1)HDL. Triglyceride level was significantly associated with two fractions: i) the VLDL fraction correlated positively with apoE serum concentration (P < 0.01), and ii) the IDL fraction closely and positively associated with apoC-III-containing lipoprotein level (P < 0.001). Two LDL subfractions were positively related to LDL-cholesterol (0.05 相似文献   

Polycystic ovary syndrome and endothelial dysfunction: A potential role for soluble lectin-like oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1

The aims of this study were to investigate whether serum soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1), oxidized LDL (oxLDL), paraoxonase-1(PON-1) and hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels are altered in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and also to determine if hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance (IR) and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) are associated with endothelial dysfunction in PCOS. A total of 46 women with PCOS and 46 non-PCOS healthy controls were recruited. Women with PCOS had significantly higher sLOX-1, oxLDL and LOOH concentrations than non-PCOS women [6.16 (3.92−13.95) vs 1.37 (0.63−4.43) ng/mL, p < 0.001; 6.48 ± 1.03 vs 3.16 ± 1.02 μU/L, p < 0.001; 2.45 (1.45−3.45) vs 1.06 (0.64−1.56) μmol/L, p < 0.001]. The mean PON-1 level of PCOS group was lower than non-PCOS group (69.47 ± 10.75 vs 104.08 ± 21.43 U/mL, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in terms of the sLOX-1, oxLDL, LOOH and PON-1 levels between normal weight and overweight PCOS women. On univariate logistic regression analysis, Ferriman-Gallwey scale (FGS), HOMA-IR and AMH were an independent predictors of high risk group of endothelial dysfunction markers (HR-EDm). Age and BMI were not associated with HR-EDm. When incorporated into the multivariate model, endotelial dysfunction markers independently correlated with clinical hyperandrogenism (FGS) but not with AMH. In conclusion, our results indicated that an increased concentration of sLOX-1 might be an early predictor of endothelial damage in patients with PCOS. Women with PCOS have elevated sLOX-1, oxLDL, LOOH and decreased PON-1 levels, independent of BMI. Endothelial dysfunction in women with PCOS is associated with hyperandrogenism. Further studies are required to confirm our findings.     

Association of MEP1A gene variants with insulin metabolism in central European women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) shows not only hyperandrogenemia, hirsutism and fertility problems, but also metabolic disturbances including obesity, cardiovascular events and type-2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests some degree of inflammation associated with prominent aspects of PCOS. We aimed to investigate the association of genetic variants 3′UTR rs17468190 (G/T) of the inflammation-associated gene MEP1A (GenBank ID: NM_005588.2) with metabolic disturbances in PCOS and healthy control women.     

Trace glucose and lipid metabolism in high androgen and high-fat diet induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats

Background  

There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of different metabolic pathways in the development of diabetes mellitus in high-androgen female mice fed with a high-fat diet.     

Androgen levels and metabolic parameters are associated with a genetic variant of F13A1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hyperandrogenism, is one of the most common hormonal disorders among premenopausal women and is associated with infertility, obesity, and insulin resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests a role of the blood coagulation factor gene F13A1 in obesity (GeneBank ID: NM_000129.3). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of intronic allelic variants of the F13A1 gene with PCOS susceptibility and metabolic parameters in lean and obese PCOS women. In a case-control study, we determined an intronic F13A1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (dbSNP ID: rs7766109) in 585 PCOS and 171 control women and tested for PCOS susceptibility and associations with anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal parameters. Genotype frequencies of the F13A1 SNP rs7766109 were equivalent in PCOS and control women. In PCOS women, F13A1 gene variants were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (p=0.013), systolic blood pressure (p=0.042), insulin response (AUCins) (p=0.015), triglycerides (TG) (p=0.001), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (p=0.012). In the subgroup of obese PCOS women free androgen index (FAI), free testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) as well as glucose measurements showed a significantly different pattern across F13A1 gene variants (p=0.043; p=0.039 and p=0.013, respectively). We report for the first time an association of the F13A1 SNP rs7766109 with BMI, androgens, and insulin resistance in PCOS women. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to evaluate whether F13A1 is causally involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS related metabolic and hormonal disturbances.     

Soluble platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (sPECAM)-1 is increased in polycystic ovary syndrome and related to endothelial dysfunction

Striking evidence indicates endothelial impairment in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) but the mechanisms linking PCOS status to cardiovascular risk remain elusive. Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1 is a soluble (s) signaling molecule involved in inflammation and angiogenesis with predictive value for endothelial dysfunction in patients at risk. In a prospective, controlled study, sPECAM-1 levels and the relationships to metabolic, inflammatory and vascular PCOS traits were evaluated in 26 patients and 29-age- and body mass index-matched controls. To assess endothelial injury, carotid artery intimae-media thickness (CIMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) were employed. Of the 26 women with PCOS, 25 completed a six-month metformin combined with ethinylestradiol 0.3?mg/drospirenone 3?mg therapy. Soluble PECAM-1 levels were increased in PCOS (p?=?0.018 vs. Controls) and significantly decreased at follow-up (p?=?0.0002). Smoking and weight had no effect on sPECAM-1 dynamics. In both univariate and multivariate analysis, basal sPECAM-1 was inversely related to FMD (r?=?-0.311, p?=?0.021) but not CIMT. To conclude, sPECAM-1 is increased in PCOS, an effect reversed by combined metformin and anti-androgenic contraceptive therapy. Elevated sPECAM-1 contributes to endothelial dysfunction however further studies are inquired to assess its relevance as biomarker and potential therapeutic target in PCOS.     

Serum oxidized low density lipoprotein, paraoxonase 1 and lipid peroxidation levels during oral glucose tolerance test.

Increasing evidence suggests that the postprandial state is a contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis. To evaluate the effects of acute hyperglycemia on the oxidative stress, concentrations of serum-oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n=35), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n=25), and diabetic glucose tolerance (DGT) (n=20). In NGT group, the 2 hours' TBARS and oxLDL levels were not statistically different when compared to baseline, and 2 hours' PON1 activities were higher when compared to baseline (p<0.01). Subjects with IGT and DGT have higher 2 hours' serum TBARS and oxLDL levels than their baseline levels (p<0.01, for each). Baseline oxLDL levels of both IGT and DGT groups were higher than NGT group (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). While there were not any significant differences in 2 hours' versus baseline PON1 activities in the IGT group, the 2 hours' versus baseline PON1 activities in the DGT group were significantly lower (p<0.01). The postchallenge 2 hours' PON1 activities of both IGT and DGT groups were lower than NGT group (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). Baseline oxLDL was positively correlated with 2 hours' glucose (r=0.613, p<0.01) in IGT and DGT groups. PON1 activities were correlated with HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose (r=0.680, r=0.698 and r=0.431, respectively, for each p<0.01) in NGT. In conclusion, oxidative stress occurs at an early stage in diabetes, and protective effects of HDL against atherosclerosis may be dependent on the PON1 activities.     

Circulating levels of apoptotic markers and oxidative stress parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-controlled descriptive study

Context: Apoptotic dysregulation plays a role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: To evaluate circulatory apoptotic markers and oxidative stress in patients with PCOS.

Materials and methods: Forty-four women with PCOS, and 44 healthy women as controls were enrolled in the study. Oxidative stress parameters and caspases levels were measured in serum.

Results: The caspase 9 level was significantly lower and related with oxidant status in patients with PCOS, while the circulating levels of caspases 3 and 7 were statistically similar in both groups.

Discussion: This study is the first report demonstrating the circulating levels of apoptotic markers and their relationship with oxidant status in PCOS.

Conclusion: The circulating caspase 9 and oxidant status might contribute to apoptotic dysregulation in PCOS.