高效液相色谱和气相色谱在放线菌分类鉴定中的应用

随着新菌株不断被分离及已有的大量菌株,快速、准确的分类鉴定及高效排重对微生物资源开发日益重要,而快速发展的色谱技术使之逐渐成为可能.以标准菌株和标准品优化了色谱技术中的高效液相色谱(HPLC)和气相色谱(GC)在放线菌的DNA(G+C)mol%、甲基萘醌和脂肪酸中的鉴定方法及测定参数.优化的色谱鉴定方法不但有利于各个指征的分析更快,更精确,也有利于高效排重,甚至也可检验已有的分类鉴定是否正确而纠正错误属、种的划分.     

气相色谱技术在食品安全检测中的应用

在食品安全检测方法中,气相色谱技术是十分重要的检测技术之一。它具有操作快速、简便、准确及分离效果好等优点,因此本文为反式脂肪酸的研究提供了一种切实可行的分析方法。     

气相色谱质谱联用在食品检验中的应用

介绍了气相色谱质谱联用技术的原理、特点及相关性能,重点阐述了气相色谱质谱联用技术在食品检验领域的应用,并且为气相色谱质谱联用技术在食品检测分析方面的应用提出改进意见,以保证其在食品检验领域发挥更重要的作用。     

分子生物学方法在食品微生物检测中的应用研究

众所周知,近年来的食品安全问题层出不穷,既带来了恶劣的社会影响,更对消费者的身心健康构成了威胁,故在此背景下,食品安全问题备受关注,利用分子生物学方法检测食品微生物随之发展。对此,本文就分子生物学方法在食品微生物检测中的应用作了研究,希望对解决食品安全问题有所启示。     

天然微生物防腐剂溶菌酶在食品中的应用研究

溶菌酶是一种安全、无毒的生物酶,在食品行业中广泛应用。本文主要就溶菌酶的结构、性质、作用机理、分离提取方法,以及在食品中的应用展开论述,以期为研究人员提供参考。     

分子生物学在食品微生物检测中的应用

食品安全是百姓关注的大问题,目前食品安全监测技术正在蓬勃发展,随着现代分子生物学技术的发展,对微生物学的研究也进入到分子、基因水平。病原微生物的检测也逐渐进入分子时代,本文介绍了应用于病原微生物检测的PCR技术、DNA指纹图谱等技术。     

高通量测序技术在食品微生物研究中的应用

高通量测序技术的快速发展对食品微生物发酵过程和机制研究产生了深刻的影响,主要体现在食品微生物生理功能、代谢能力和进化的研究以及食品微生物群落结构、动态变化及其对环境的响应机制等方面。另外,通过对食品微生物基因组和元基因组进行数据分析,也对食品发酵过程优化、微生物功能改造、食源性微生物疾病预防和控制等提供了重要的依据。本文总结了近年来利用高通量测序技术对食品微生物基因组和元基因组进行测序的研究,并探讨了测序技术的发展对食品微生物研究的影响及发展趋势。     

AFLP技术在食品微生物中的应用

AFLP技术是一项新的DNA分子标记技术,它是在PCR技术的基础上,扩增了基因组DNA限制性片段,先用限制性内切酶切割基因组DNA,在接着将双链接头与DNA片段的末端相连接,接头序列和相邻的限制性位点序列,作为印务结合位点。这种AFLP技术结合了RT-PCR和AFIP技术,与RFLP相比较,AFLP具有在一个实验中可以同时观察到大量的限制性片段的优点。本文阐述了AFLP技术的基本原理,并研究了AFLP技术在食品微生物中的应用以及探讨在食品微生物中的应用前景。     

微生物技术在食品安全性中的应用分析

随着科学技术的不断发展,人们的生活水平正在不断提高,人们对食品安全性要求也越来越严格,微生物技术的快速发展使其在食品安全中起到越来越重要的作用。本文针对新时代下人们对食品安全性要求提高,微生物技术在食品安全性中的应用做出了分析探讨。     

分子生物学方法在食品微生物检测中的应用

近年来,食品安全受到广泛关注。及时、准确地检测出食品中的病原微生物是食品安全检测的重要内容,食品病原微生物的分子生物学检测技术因其特异性和灵敏性而备受瞩目。我们主要介绍了基因探针检测法、PCR检测法和基因芯片检测法的原理、开发及其在食品微生物检测中的应用。     

油气微生物勘探机理及应用

【目的】微生物油气勘探技术是基于油气藏的轻烃微渗漏原理衍生的地表勘探技术。油气藏中的轻烃部分(C1-C5)以微渗漏的方式通过上覆的沉积层,在近地表土壤中诱导专门利用轻烃的微生物繁殖与生长,油气区的微生物种类与浓度有别于下伏没有油气藏的地区。通过分析微生物的浓度异常特征,对油气富集区及油气藏进行研究和预测。【方法】在人工模拟条件下研究油气微生物数量和群落异常特征,在此基础上,以海相碳酸盐岩气田普光气田为研究对象,进一步开展微生物勘探研究,鉴定油气藏上方气态烃氧化过程的微生物驱动者,提取土壤中的微生物异常信息。【结果】人工模拟条件下发现Lacibacter cauensis、Methylococcaceae、Methylophilaceae与甲烷气体培养正相关(气指示菌),而未培养的硫氧化微生物等则与丁烷培养正相关(油指示菌)。【结论】进一步在普光气田原位研究中进行验证,发现地表油气微生物数量和群落异常与油气藏有较好的关联性;与油气化探指标对比后发现,油气藏上方微生物正异常和轻烃负异常具有较为明显的互补关系。本研究深化了对典型油气藏上方气态烃氧化微生物转化机制的认识,为油气微生物勘探技术提供理论与实践依据。     

Rapid identification of microbial VOCs from tobacco molds using closed-loop stripping and gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Several microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) that can serve as potential chemical markers for microbial contamination in tobacco have been identified. Four different fungal species, Aspergillus niger (AN), A. ornatus (AO), Pencillium chrysogenum (PC) and Rhizopus stolonifer (RS), commonly reported in moldy tobacco were cultured and screened for MVOCs. Because the MVOCs emitted by a microbial species are substrate specific, the fungal strains were separately grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and tobacco products. MVOCs from the mold cultures grown on PDA and tobacco products were extracted using closed-loop stripping analysis (CLSA) and identified by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). Some of the prominent tobacco mold markers identified by this method include: 1-octen-3-ol; 2-octen-1-ol; 2-methyl-1-butanol; 3-methyl-1-butanol; 1-octene and 2-pentanone. In particular, 1-octen-3-ol was detected in all the mold cultures and moldy tobacco samples analyzed. Olfactory evaluation of 1-octen-3-ol indicated a characteristic musty odor and the odor threshold was determined to be approximately 200 ng/ml. The limits of detection for 1-octen-3-ol using GC/TOF-MS and GC/mass selective detector (MSD) in the full-scan mode and selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode were investigated. The CLSA-GC/TOF-MS demonstrates a fast, sensitive and semi-quantitative analytical technique for screening tobacco materials for the presence of mold via chemical markers of microbial contamination.     

The identification of oral microbial lectins by cell affinity chromatography

Whole-cell affinity chromatography was used as a novel screening technique for identifying and characterizing oral microbial lectins. First, affinity columns bearing oligosaccharides of defined structure were synthesized as lectin-binding reagents. Fetuin, transferrin (containing terminal NeuAc residues), asialofetuin and asialotransferrin (with terminal Gal residues) were covalently coupled to Sepharose 6MB and incubated with ³H-labeled bacterial suspensions in columns fitted with an 80-μm nylon filter. Bacteria specifically bound were then eluted with the appropriate sugar (NeuAc or Gal). Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most significant binder, with 80% specifically eluted from the asialo-derivatives. Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii also showed unique specificity for galactose. In contrast, Streptococcus sanguis bound in greatest numbers to fetuin, consistent with the presence of a sialic acid-binding site on these bacteria.     

餐厨废弃物资源化利用的微生物技术研究进展

简单介绍餐厨废弃物的特征和危害,综述微生物技术处理餐厨废弃物资源化的途径,如发酵提取生物降解塑料技术、厌氧发酵处理技术、微生物堆肥技术、微生物农药技术、微生物产电技术,介绍利用复合微生物菌剂降解餐厨废弃物的研究进展,分析这一新技术的发展趋势。     

A high-throughput method for microbial metabolome analysis using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

An analytical high-throughput method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed for fast metabolome investigation. By parallelization and partial automation the time needed for the preanalytical steps could be reduced. In addition a strong decrease of the relative standard deviation of metabolite concentrations from independent samples on the same microtiter plate from 25 to 13% was achieved. Between different plates the relative standard deviation is comparable to the one observed in standard experiments with shaking flasks. Using a fast GC the time need for the full GC/MS-based metabolome analysis could be decreased from 60 to 18 min per run, allowing the measurement of 72 single samples per day and GC/MS machine. In samples of the model organism Corynebacterium glutamicum more than 1000 peaks in the total ion current could be detected in a single fast GC/MS run of which 650 were strong enough to be quantified. Approximately 150 compounds of these were identified using our metabolite MS-library. Correlation analysis of the concentration vectors of independent wild-type samples raised under the same conditions show very high correlations of 0.99+/-0.01 (logs). In conclusion this method allows screenings of large mutant libraries for genetically induced metabolic perturbations.     

页岩气开采工艺的微生物分子生态学研究进展

页岩气因其储量丰富及绿色清洁等特点已成为能源领域的研究热点。微生物对页岩气的形成和开采过程有一定影响,研究与页岩气相关的微生物分子生态,将有助于解析页岩气成因,改进页岩气生产设备及产出水等的管理。本文阐述了国内外对微生物在页岩气形成及开采方面的研究进展,包括页岩气成因类型,微生物产甲烷途径及环境对产甲烷途径的影响,钻井液和水力压裂液对微生物群落结构的影响及微生物对生产设备的影响,指出深层页岩气井生产设备中微生物分子生态和商业开采对地下微生物的影响可作为今后的关注重点,旨在为我国页岩气产业的可持续发展提供参考。