Index to Vegetatio,volumes 51–73, and some notes on the position of the journal

An index is presented of 375 articles which appeared in Vol. 51–73 of Vegetatio. A Source index is followed by a Keyword index, a Discipline index, a Vegetation type index, a Geographical index, and a Latin name index for taxa and syntaxa. The codes used for discipline, vegetation type and geographic area are the same as those used in the Index Vol. 1–50. After a short introduction a history of the journal is presented, followed by some statistics on the origin of the authors and the type of article, for seven periods covering the entire history of the journal since 1948. Finally the codes are elucidated.     

A Possible Approach to Comparison of Survival Functions

Special numerical index for comparison of survival functions is proposed. The index is called by directed probabilistic semimetric. The examples of these semimetrics are presented. The procedure of the index estimating on sampled data is considered.     

生物组织折射率的概念与测量方法评述

折射率作为描述介质光学特性的一个重要物理参量,它在组织光学理论中起着非常重要的作用.随着组织光学研究的深入,生物组织折射率的概念也在不断地完善和发展.本文将主要介绍生物组织折射率的基本概念和测量手段的研究进展情况,明确了生物组织折射率的概念,评述了现有测量方法的优缺点,希望为生物组织折射率问题的进一步研究提供有益参考.     

一个基于熵的精细定位数量性状位点的指数

针对数量性状位点的精细定位,本文采用群体的极端样本,利用稠密的标记位点,通过比较标记的熵和条件熵,给出了一个基于熵的指数。该指数是标记基因和性状位点间连锁不平衡系数的函数,它不依赖于标记基因的频率。该指数对应我们之前提出的数量性状位点精细定位的哈迪-温伯格不平衡(HWD)指数,但在精细定位数量性状位点时,本文提出的指数的效能要高于哈迪-温伯格不平衡(HWD)指数。通过计算机模拟,文章调查了不同遗传参数下该指数的性质。模拟结果表明该指数用作精细定位是有效的。     

Quantitative method for comparison of skeletal muscle architectural properties.

A numerical method is presented which calculates the architectural difference index between two muscles. This index is based upon the parameters, identified using statistical discriminant analysis, which best characterize the various muscles. This index can be used to reduce multiple architectural properties into a single value and may be useful in selecting donor muscles which are required to perform a substitute function for another muscle which has been lost or injured.     

落叶松人工混交林内害虫—天敌种群动态及其相关的初步研究

在落叶松(Larix olgensis Henry)人工林内,昆虫及其他节肢动物种群,由于其各种群本身的生物、生态学特性,相互作用及环境因子对它们的影响,造成种群的数量波动是经常性的,无论这种波动是否带有明显的规律性,都会对落叶松林这一生态系统带来影响。     

Stability index for enzymes deactivating by different mechanisms.

A quantitative procedure for estimating changes in enzyme stability upon chemical modification is presented. Stability index for different deactivation mechanisms is presented and applied to different enzyme deactivations. The stability index provides a convenient method of estimating changes in enzyme stability upon chemical modification.     

Some goodness-of-fit methods for the Poisson plus added zeros distribution

Methods for making inferences about the Poisson plus added zeros distribution and the truncated Poisson distribution are presented and illustrated with bacteriological data. Some of the methods are designed for testing the compatibility of the zero frequency with the Poisson distribution, whereas others are given for testing the goodness of fit for the truncated Poisson. In particular, a modified form of the Fisher index of dispersion is presented which is suitable for the truncated case. It is shown that the use of the usual expression of the index of dispersion for testing the adequacy of the truncated Poisson is not correct and leads to accepting inadequate fits more frequently than expected on the basis of test of significance. Furthermore, three test statistics are presented for testing the compatability of the zero frequency with the Poisson distribution. The results of the simulation show that two test statistics, one due to Cochran (W. G. Cochran, Biometrics 10:417-451, 1954) and the other to Rao and Chakravarti (C. R. Rao and I. M. Chakravarti, Biometrics 12:264-282, 1956), are preferable to those from the likelihood ratio test.     

Fluctuations in the abundance of butterflies, 1976–82

Abstract. 1. A scheme for monitoring the abundance of butterflies at about eighty sites in Britain is described.
2. Indices of abundance are presented for twenty-nine species for the years 1976–82.
3. There are marked differences between species in the scale of annual fluctuations.
4. Some species show correlations between successive index values; for example the summer generation index of Pieris brassicae is highly correlated with the spring generation index.
5. The annual changes in the index values of many species are highly Correlated. The index values themselves also show positive correlations, but these are less strong.
6. The drought of 1976 is believed to have severely depressed populations of many species in 1977.
7. The data do not indicate any general fall in butterfly numbers over the period at the sites in the scheme.
8. The sites are not representative of the countryside as a whole, but, for a number of species, it is considered that the index values reflect wider trends.     

Some goodness-of-fit methods for the Poisson plus added zeros distribution.

Methods for making inferences about the Poisson plus added zeros distribution and the truncated Poisson distribution are presented and illustrated with bacteriological data. Some of the methods are designed for testing the compatibility of the zero frequency with the Poisson distribution, whereas others are given for testing the goodness of fit for the truncated Poisson. In particular, a modified form of the Fisher index of dispersion is presented which is suitable for the truncated case. It is shown that the use of the usual expression of the index of dispersion for testing the adequacy of the truncated Poisson is not correct and leads to accepting inadequate fits more frequently than expected on the basis of test of significance. Furthermore, three test statistics are presented for testing the compatability of the zero frequency with the Poisson distribution. The results of the simulation show that two test statistics, one due to Cochran (W. G. Cochran, Biometrics 10:417-451, 1954) and the other to Rao and Chakravarti (C. R. Rao and I. M. Chakravarti, Biometrics 12:264-282, 1956), are preferable to those from the likelihood ratio test.     

一个基于熵的对疾病基因精细定位的指数

针对人类疾病基因的精细定位,本文利用稠密的标记位点,通过比较标记的熵和条件熵,给出了一个基于熵的指数。该指数可以度量标记基因和性状位点间连锁不平衡(LD)程度。该指数的特性是它不依赖于标记基因的频率。同时它对应疾病易感位点(DSL)精细定位的哈迪-温伯格不平衡(HWD)指数。通过计算机模拟,文章调查了不同遗传参数下该指数的性质。模拟结果表明该指数用作疾病易感位点精细定位是有效的。     

Dermatoglyphics of the nganasans and the forest entsy from the Taimir Peninsula

Dermatoglyphic data on 17 traits (digital arches, ulnar loops, whorls, patterns on the hypothenar and thenar/I,II,III, and IV interdigital areas, main line C absence and its incompleteness, mean digital ridge-count, a–b, b–c, and c–d ridge–counts, atd angle, pattern intensity index, and main line index) are presented in this paper for 194 males and 224 females from the Taimir Peninsula. Also presented is a population analysis of the Taimir aborigines based on quantitative traits, and comparisons of this population with some Siberian and North American populations.     

Phage T7-inactivation test. A possibility of quantitative mutagenicity screening

A new method is described for the quantitative characterization of the genotoxic effect of chemicals. The method is based on the determination of the inactivation of bacteriophage T7 and on the application of a simple mathematical model valid for the processes during, or at least in the initial stage of the interaction of chemicals and phages. A value characteristic for the chemical is defined and it is determined from the inactivation kinetics. Typical inactivation kinetic curves and some problems of the application of the model as well as the mutagenicity index values determined for about 30 substances are presented. The substances examined have mutagenicity index values covering a range of six orders of magnitude. The obtained values are compared with the results of different mutagenicity/carcinogenicity tests and discussed on the basis of data in the literature. The presented method is proposed to be applied for quantitative mutagenicity screening of chemicals.     

一种预测细胞凋亡蛋白的亚细胞定位的新方法

细胞凋亡蛋白对生物体的发育、维持内环境稳定及人们理解细胞凋亡机制非常重要。文中提出了一种新的蛋白质序列特征提取方法—三肽离散源方法。计算了蛋白质序列中紧邻三联体的出现个数,利用离散增量极小化对凋亡蛋白进行定位预测;同时推广了张春霆等提出的内容平衡精度指数,使其能评估任意类的分类问题。实验结果表明:在凋亡蛋白定位预测研究中,三肽离散源方法在提高总体预测精度的同时,能够较好的解决样本不均衡问题;而内容平衡精度指数能比传统的总体预测精度更准确的评估预测算法的预测能力,有效的反映预测算法对样本不均衡问题的相容能力。     

A procedure for simultaneous preparation of large amounts of DNA and RNA by the use of potassium iodide gradients.

A method is described that permits the isolation of both DNA and RNA from tissues on KI density gradients without destroying either nucleic acid species. Up to 3 mg can be resolved efficiently in a single 13-ml gradient. Data are presented which show that direct monitoring of the OD of nucleic acids in KI solutions is possible without addition of ethidium bromide. Furthermore, equations for the correlation of density, refractive index and weight per volume are presented.     

Protophilicity index and protofelicity equalization principle: new measures of Brønsted-Lowry-Lewis acid–base interactions

The simultaneous contributions of proton and electron transfer to the Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acid–base properties of a set of p-substituted phenols are reported in this work. As a result of the analysis, a novel protophilicity index considered as the second-order energy change of a Brønsted-Lowry base as it is saturated with protons, a combined Brønsted-Lowry-Lewis acidity index (with a corresponding basicity index), and a protofelicity equalization principle (a parallel of the electronegativity equalization principle) are presented.     

Bioisosterism: quantitation of structure and property effects

The powerful concept of bioisosterism is presented as a method for selecting molecular groups for drug design and lead-compound development. Three group-structure characteristics are described for this purpose. The E-State value for an attached atom is used as a measure of electrotopological group impact. The volume of the group is estimated from counts of sigma, pi, and lone-pair n electrons, as embodied in the valence and simple connectivity delta values for atoms in the group. Polarity is described in terms of the polarity index Q(v). Specific examples are given for commonly used groups. Parameter spaces encoding these three attributes are presented as examples that may be used to guide bioisostere selection in late-stage drug-design procedures. The method presented here is of practical value in the decision processes of molecular modification.     

Interdisciplinary research in gerontology: citation analysis

The results of the citation analysis carried out to assess the interdisciplinary research level in gerontology and its separate research fields are presented. The data on the dynamics of the interdisciplinary index during 1975-1985 year period are analyzed. A conclusion is made on the possibility and expediency to the scientometric indicators and, in particular the interdisciplinary index, in the evaluation of the qualitative peculiarities of the research process.     

Double label estimation of the mean duration of the S-phase

The theoretical values of the double label index and the estimator of the mean duration of the DNA-synthesis phase are obtained for the situation where a steady-state renewal cell population is subjected to two instantaneous labels. The stochastic model used to describe this situation allows for a correlation structure among the durations of the phases of the cell cycle. An explicit form for the double label index is presented for the case where the durations of the phases of the cell cycle are jointly distributed in accordance with a multivariate mixed gamma distribution. The effect of the length sampling bias and the time between label points on the theoretical value of the estimator is demonstrated.