近红外光学成像技术及其在神经科学中的应用

近红外光学成像技术是近年发展起来的一种动态检测脑功能的方法。采用这种技术可以测量在脑活动时氧合血红蛋白、脱氧血红蛋白和细胞色素氧化酶等的变化,同时得到与刺激相关的细胞内和细胞外活动的改变。近红外光学成像技术的时间分辨率较高,并具有简便易行、价格低廉和无损伤性等特点,有望可以同时检测神经元活动、能量代谢以有血液动力学的变化。目前它已作为检验功能性磁共振成像原理的一种方法,并在认知神经科学和医学等的研究中得到越来越广泛的应用。     

蛋白质组技术在小麦品质研究中的应用

人类基因组草图测定的完成,宣告了“后基因组时代”的到来。功能基因组学成为研究的重心,蛋白质组学的研究受到了空前的关注。介绍了蛋白质组研究技术的基本原理,全面综述了蛋白质组研究技术在小麦品质研究中的应用进展,包括：麦谷蛋白亚基的鉴定、面团流变学特性的遗传改良、籽粒发育过程中面筋蛋白的表达和累积、高温胁迫对面筋品质的影响、籽粒硬度蛋白分析及淀粉品质研究等,还分析了蛋白质组技术在小麦遗传育种应用研究中存在的问题与发展前景。     

蛋白质组学及其在神经科学中的应用

蛋白质组学这一概念从提出到现在已应用到生命科学许多领域.在中枢神经系统中,全脑以及许多脑区的蛋白质组数据库逐步建立,并且已经鉴定出了许多在神经系统疾病过程中起重要作用的蛋白.虽然神经系统蛋白质组学的研究尚处于起步阶段,但在阐明某些疾病的发病机制方面已取得长足发展.本文对蛋白质组学及其在神经科学中的研究进展作一综述.     

微生物蛋白质组研究进展

本文概括性地叙述蛋白质组相关的基本概念,主要蛋白质组技术,微生物学蛋白质、比较蛋白质组、功能蛋白质组研究进展和蛋白质组技术在细胞微生物学研究中的应用。     

大规模酵母双杂交技术的发展及其在蛋白质相互作用组学中的应用

酵母双杂交技术作为研究蛋白质相互作用的主要方法,在规模化蛋白质相互作用研究中占据举足轻重的地位。虽然蛋白质相互作用的数据逐年递增,但是还远不能满足"大数据"的实际需求。为了使蛋白质相互作用组学研究更加高效、快捷、准确,以及使酵母双杂交适用于全基因组规模筛选和蛋白质相互作用数据高度覆盖的研究需求,近年来对酵母双杂交技术进行了一系列的改进和发展。综述了近年来在规模化蛋白质相互作用组学研究中,酵母双杂交技术的最新改进和发展。     

蛋白质组学在神经科学中的应用

蛋白质组学是指对基因组编码的所有蛋白质进行大规模分析的一门学科,它分为表达蛋白质组学和功能蛋白质组学。新的蛋白质组学工具将为高度复杂的神经科学的研究提供便利。作者简述了表达蛋白质组学和功能蛋白质组学在这一领域的应用。     

组学技术在白蚁研究中的应用

白蚁为原始的真社会性昆虫,体内蕴含丰富的纤维素酶基因资源,对维持生态系统平衡和生物多样性有重要生态作用,而其中少数白蚁种类对农作物、树木、房屋建筑、江河堤坝等造成严重危害,因此白蚁具有非常重要的生态及经济价值。随着组学技术的发展,分子生物学的研究进入了一个新的阶段,基于整体角度研究的组学技术正在深刻地改变着白蚁的研究模式,必将推动白蚁生物学以及以白蚁防治为目的的基础研究。本文综述了近年来白蚁基因组、转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组等组学的相关研究进展,并对组学在白蚁的深入研究与应用进行了展望。     

基因芯片技术及其在疾病基因诊断中的应用

基因芯片技术是伴随着人类基因组计划的实施而发展起来的生命科学领域里的前沿生物技术。它最显著的特点是高通量、高集成、微型化、平行化、多样化和自动化。经过短短十几年的发展,基因芯片技术现已在基因表达分析,基因突变及多态性分析,疾病基因诊断,药物及毒物基因组学等多个领域显示出重大的理论意义和实际应用价值,具有广阔的前景。本文专门介绍了基因芯片技术及其在疾病基因诊断上的应用。     

蛋白质组研究进展

蛋白质组研究技术是后基因组时代的重要研究手段.综述了流感嗜血杆菌、细菌、酵母、线虫、果蝇蛋白质组的研究进展以及蛋白质组研究技术在人类疾病研究中的应用.     

基因芯片技术及其在植物上的应用

基因芯片技术（gene chip technology)是采用光导原位合成或缩微印刷等方法,将大量特定的DNA探针片段有序地固定于固相载体的表面,形成DNA微阵列,然后与待测的标记样品靶DNA或RNA分子杂交,对杂交信号进行扫描及计算机检测分析,从而获取所需的生物信息。该技术在植物研究中广泛应用于寻找特异性相关基因和新基因,基因表达分析,基因突变和多态性检测,DNA测序等。     

Oligonucleotide probes containing polylysine residues for fabrication of DNA chips on various solid surfaces

Various materials, such as glass, plastic, metals, etc., are utilized for preparing DNA chips. In each particular case special approaches are used for immobilization of different oligonucleotide derivatives on the solid supports. We describe a general technique for DNA chips preparation on various unmodified surfaces using one type of oligonucleotide derivative, polylysine-oligonucleotide conjugates (PL-oligo). A long polyamine spacer in the PL-oligo conjugates provides a durable irreversible non-covalent immobilization onto a variety of solid supports and enough distance between oligonucleotides and the surface. The resulting DNA chips were shown to be useful for the detection of PCR DNA fragments and to be sensitive to single nucleotide discrepancies. They represent a promising instrument for revealing genetic diseases, genotyping viruses and bacteria, and for displaying their drug-resistant strains.     

Novel developments for improved detection of specific mRNAs by DNA chips

Microarrays have revolutionized gene expression analysis as they allow for highly parallel monitoring of mRNA levels of thousands of genes in a single experiment. Since their introduction some 15 years ago, substantial progress has been achieved with regard to, e.g., faster or more sensitive analyses. In this review, interesting new approaches for a more sensitive detection of specific mRNAs will be highlighted. Particularly, the potential of electrical DNA chip formats that allow for faster mRNA analyses will be discussed.     

生物信息学在蛋白质组学研究中的应用进展

生物信息学是运用数学和信息学方法阐明和解释海量生物学数据所蕴含的生物学意义的重要手段和工具.随着蛋白质组学研究的不断发展和深入,大量的蛋白序列、结构、功能以及互作数据不断产生.面对海量蛋白质组数据的获取、处理、存储以及蛋白质组数据信息的挖掘,生物信息学已成为蛋白组学研究中不可或缺的组成部分.本文结合蛋白质组学的发展历程...     

Affibody-mediated transferrin depletion for proteomics applications

An Affibody (Affibody) ligand with specific binding to human transferrin was selected by phage display technology from a combinatorial protein library based on the staphylococcal protein A (SpA)-derived Z domain. Strong and selective binding of the selected Affibody ligand to transferrin was demonstrated using biosensor technology and dot blot analysis. Impressive specificity was demonstrated as transferrin was the only protein recovered by affinity chromatography from human plasma. Efficient Affibody-mediated capture of transferrin, combined with IgG- and HSA-depletion, was demonstrated for human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For plasma, 85% of the total transferrin content in the samples was depleted after only two cycles of transferrin removal, and for CSF, 78% efficiency was obtained in single-step depletion. These results clearly suggest a potential for the development of Affibody-based resins for the removal of abundant proteins in proteomics analyses.     

基因芯片及其在性传播疾病病原体研究中的应用

基因芯片是近年发展起来的一种高通量的核酸分析技术,已成为“后基因组时代”的重要分析工具之一。本简述了基因芯片的概念、分类及特点,并对基因芯片技术在性传播疾病病原体淋球菌、沙眼衣原体、解脲脲原体和人乳头瘤病毒研究中的应用作了综述。     

Biomedical applications of protein chips

The development of microchips involving proteins has accelerated within the past few years. Although DNA chip technologies formed the precedent, many different strategies and technologies have been used because proteins are inherently a more complex type of molecule. This review covers the various biomedical applications of protein chips in diagnostics, drug screening and testing, disease monitoring, drug discovery (proteomics), and medical research. The proteomics and drug discovery section is further subdivided to cover drug discovery tools (on-chip separations, expression profiling, and antibody arrays), molecular interactions and signaling pathways, the identification of protein function, and the identification of novel therapeutic compounds. Although largely focused on protein chips, this review includes chips involving cells and tissues as a logical extension of the type of data that can be generated from these microchips.     

DNA芯片技术在微生物学研究中的应用

DNA芯片技术作为一种高通量的核酸分析方法,已经成为“后基因组时代”中研究海量序列信息的重要分析工具之一。本简述了目前一些常用以及和新出现的DNA芯片的技术原理,并从微生物基因表达谱研究,微生物基因组学研究以及微生物检测鉴定研究等多个方面概述了DNA芯片技术在微生物学中的应用,同时在对DNA芯片技术的不足进行简要分析的基础上,展望了其进一步应用的前景。     

DNA芯片技术与基因表达研究

随着基因组计划的顺利实施,大量的生物信息被解析,基因表达及基因功能的研究将成为生命科学研究的热点。ＤＮＡ世片技术是近年来出现的分子生物学与微电子技术相结合的最新ＤＮＡ分析检测技术。该技术将在生命科学与信息科学之间架起一道桥梁,因而成为后基因组时代基因功能分析撮重要的技术之一。目前ＤＮＡ芯片技术已在基因保得到广泛的应用。     

Characterization of DNA chips by nanogold staining

DNA microarray is an important tool in biomedical research. Up to now, there are no chips that can allow both quality analysis and hybridization using the same chip. It is risky to draw conclusions from results of different chips if there is no knowledge of the quality of the chips before hybridization. In this article, we report a colorimetric method to do quality control on an array. The quality analysis of probe spots can be obtained by using gold nanoparticles with positive charges to label DNA through electrostatic attraction. The probe spots can also be detected by a simple personal computer scanner. Gold nanoparticles deposited on a glass surface can be dissolved in bromine-bromide solution. The same microarray treated with gold particles staining and destaining can still be used for hybridization with nearly the same efficiency. This approach makes quality control of a microarray chip feasible and should be a valuable tool for biomarker discovery in the future.     

Advances in high-resolution quantitative proteomics: implications for clinical applications

The advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry instrumentation, capable of accurate mass measurement and fast acquisition, have enabled new approaches for targeted quantitative proteomics. More specifically, analyses performed on quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometers operated in parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode leverage the intrinsic high resolving power and trapping capabilities. The PRM technique offers unmatched degrees of selectivity and analytical sensitivity, typically required to analyze peptides in complex samples, such as those encountered in biomedical research or clinical studies. The features of PRM have provoked a paradigm change in targeted experiments, by decoupling acquisition and data processing. It has resulted in a new analytical workflow comprising distinct methods for each step, thus enabling much larger flexibility. The PRM technique was further enhanced by a new data acquisition scheme, allowing dynamic parameter settings. The potential of the technique may radically impact future quantitative proteomics studies.